Entrepreneurial marketing : a historical perspective on development and practice

Entrepreneurial marketing is a term which is receiving increasing use. It essentially encompasses two very distinct areas of management: marketing and entrepreneurship. This article is dedicated to exploring the emergence of this area of theory, its history and the current developments in the interface between these two areas. Scholars from both the worlds of marketing and entrepreneurship have long identified similarities in the key issues concerning both. Recent years have seen the emergence of increased study in the area of overlap between the two disciplines. Academics working in this field are undertaking research in a number of key areas, namely entrepreneurial management, networking and the resource and skills implications of adopting an entrepreneurial approach to marketing activities. This research has now built up into a sizeable body of literature and this article introduces the reader to the essence of this research and identifies its usefulness in viewing many areas of management

On Schwarzschild's Topology in Brane-Worlds

The topological structure of Schwarzschild's space-time and its maximal analytic extension are investigated in context of brane-worlds. Using the embedding coordinates, these geometries are seen as different states of the evolution of a single brane-world. Comparing the topologies and the embeddings it is shown that this evolution must be followed by a signature change in the bulk.Comment: 6 page

ADM Worldvolume Geometry

We describe the dynamics of a relativistic extended object in terms of the geometry of a configuration of constant time. This involves an adaptation of the ADM formulation of canonical general relativity. We apply the formalism to the hamiltonian formulation of a Dirac-Nambu-Goto relativistic extended object in an arbitrary background spacetime.Comment: 4 pages, Latex. Uses espcrc2.sty To appear in the proceedings of the Third Conference on Constrained Dynamics and Quantum Gravity, September, 1999. To appear in Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplement

Size and Shape Control of Gold Nanodeposits in an Array of Silica Nanowells on a Gold Electrode

Ordered arrays of hemispherical nanowells were formed in a sol-gel-derived silica film on a gold electrode using 500 nm diameter polystyrene latex spheres as templates. The conductive domain located at the bottom of each nanowell upon template removal was enlarged via electroless deposition from a gold plating solution. The structured electrodes thus formed were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Depending on the method used to make the films, the extent of the long-range packing and the size of the conductive domain changed. Electroless deposition in the nanowells produced (near) sphere-like nanostructures of gold, the size of which depended on the incubation time in the plating solution and the size of the conductive domain. Longer exposure times yielded nanostructures that filled the nanowell, whereas smaller exposure time yielded much smaller structures. Significantly larger, rougher deposits were formed in nanowells with large conductive domains. The electrochemical response observed at these electrodes was strongly dependent on the extent of long-range packing, the presence of defect sites in the film and their relative spacing, and the redox species in solution

Un curieux microfossile de la Molasse oligocène de Suisse occidentale et de Haute-Savoie (France)

Nouvelle description de l’incertae sedis Calcicarpinum? fallax. Détermination de son âge oligocène supérieur et de sa répartition biogéographique. Il s’agit d’un nucule de Boraginaceae désormais nommé Boraginocarpus fallax (Taugourdeau-Lantz & Rosset 1966) comb. novA re-analysis and new description of the incertae sedis Calcicarpinum? fallax is presented, and its Late Oligocene age and paleobiogeographical distribution is ascertained. It is identified as a nutlet of a Boraginaceae and is named Boraginocarpus fallax (Taugourdeau-Lantz & Rosset 1966) comb. nov

Pressure ulcer related pain in community populations: a prevalence survey.

BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers are costly to the healthcare provider and can have a major impact on patient's quality of life. One of the most distressing symptoms reported is pain. There is very little published data on the prevalence and details of pain experienced by patients with pressure ulcers, particularly in community populations. The study was conducted in two community NHS sites in the North of England. METHODS: The aim was to estimate the prevalence of pressure area related pain within a community population. We also explored the type and severity of the pain and its association with pressure ulcer classification. A cross-sectional survey was performed of community nurses caseloads to identify adult patients with pressure ulcers and associated pain. Consenting patients then had a full pain assessment and verification of pressure ulcer grade. RESULTS: A total of 287 patients were identified with pressure ulcers (0.51 per 1000 adult population). Of the 176 patients who were asked, 133 (75.6%) reported pain. 37 patients consented to a detailed pain assessment. Painful pressure ulcers of all grades and on nearly all body sites were identified. Pain intensity was not related to number or severity of pressure ulcer. Both inflammatory and neuropathic pain were reported at all body sites however the proportion of neuropathic pain was greater in pressure ulcers on lower limbs. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified the extent and type of pain suffered by community patients with pressure ulcers and indicates the need for systematic and regular pain assessment and treatment

Developing LGBT+ Inclusive Supporter Groups in the Big Bash League

Sport is an integral part of both Australian culture and identity. However, the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities (LGBT+) face extra barriers and challenges to engagement and participation in sport. This study, formed through a partnership between Western Sydney University and Cricket Victoria, aimed to better understand how LGBT+ supporter/ coterie groups could be initiated and supported in the Big Bash League. Twenty-Four key stakeholders and informants drawn from Australian Football League (AFL) LGBT+ supporter groups, AFL administrators, cricket administrators, and LGBT+ cricket fans were interviewed to collect comprehensive data on the requirements for successful LGBT+ supporter group formation in cricket and the Big Bash League. Our results reveal a strong desire to include more LGBT+ communities in cricket, with the Big Bash League identified as an ideal opportunity due to its family-oriented nature. However, it was felt by participants that there was a lack of understanding and education of LGBT+-related issues within the cricket community. The experiences of those involved in AFL support groups have been overwhelmingly positive and provide a compelling case for the introduction of LGBT+ supporter groups in cricket, from both a social inclusion and financial management perspective. We conclude that the introduction of LGBT+ supporter groups in cricket has the potential to impact positively the lives of LGBT+ communities, providing a platform for them to engage with sport in a meaningful and positive way. Three key messages were identified for those wishing to set up LGBT+ supporter groups: 1. Groups should be developed from the bottom up, being driven by LGBT+ fans and members rather than purely from the organisation. A partnership approach between Cricket Victoria/Big Bash League clubs and local LGBT+ communities also provides an avenue to facilitate training and education on LGBT+-related issues for staff and players. 2. Institutional support is crucial for such an initiative to succeed; 3. Clear policies are needed to support supporter groups and to address any negative responses. This policy should also address behaviour by players and staff to ensure that the institutional commitment to inclusion is not undermined