Aphelenchoides sp. destroying mushroom mycelium

RESP-357

Fast magnetoacoustic waves in a randomly structured solar corona

The propagation of fast magnetoacoustic waves in a randomly structured solar corona is considered in the linear and cold plasma limits. The random field is assumed to be static and associated with plasma density inhomogeneities only. A transcendental dispersion relation for the fast magnetoacoustic waves which propagate perpendicularly to the magnetic field is derived in the weak random field approximation. It is shown analytically that the fast magnetosonic waves experience acceleration, attenuation, and dispersion in comparison to the homogeneous case. These analytical findings are essentially confirmed by numerical simulations for a wide-spectrum pulse, except that the waves were found decelerated. It is concluded that the coronal Moreton waves can be applied to MHD seismology of the solar corona

Environmental DNA analysis – non-invasive detection of endangered species in aquatic and terrestrial environments

Poster presented at Human Identification Solutions (HIDS) 2017, 16th-17th May, 2017, Vienna, Austria

Impact of early exposure to a cafeteria diet on prefrontal cortex monoamines and novel object recognition in adolescent rats

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes protracted postnatal development such that its structure and behavioural function may be profoundly altered by environmental factors. Here we investigate the effect of lactational dietary manipulations on novel object recognition (NOR) learning and PFC monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism in early adolescent rats. To this end, Wistar rat dams were fed a high caloric cafeteria diet (CD) during lactation and resultant 24–26 day old offspring exposed to NOR testing and simultaneous PFC dopamine and serotonin metabolism measurement. In the second NOR choice trial where one familiar and one novel object were presented controls explored the novel preferentially to the familiar object both after a 5 min (P < 0.001) or 30 min (P < 0.05) inter-trial intervals (ITI). By contrast, offspring from dams fed on lactational CD failed to show any significant preference for the novel object at either time point. Compared with chow fed controls, their average exploration ratio of the novel object was lower after the 5 min ITI (P < 0.05). Following a 60 min ITI, neither CD nor control offspring showed a preference for the novel object. PFC dopamine metabolism was significantly reduced in the CD group (P < 0.001), whereas serotonin metabolism was increased (P < 0.001). These results suggest that an obesogenic lactational diet can have a detrimental impact on cognition in adolescent offspring associated with aberrant PFC serotonin and dopamine metabolism

Emergent faithfulness to morphological and semantic heads in lexical blends

In many languages, sounds in certain "privileged" positions preserve marked structure which is eliminated elsewhere (Positional Faithfulness, Beckman 1998).  This paper presents new corpus and experimental evidence that faithfulness to main-stress location and segmental content of morpho-semantic heads emerges in English blends. The study compared right-headed (subordinating) blends, like motor + hotel -> motel (a kind of hotel) with coordinating blends like spoon + fork -> spork (equally spoon and fork).Stress: Analysis of 1095 blends from Thurner (1993) found that right-headed blends were more faithful to stress location of the second source word than were coordinating blends.  Given source words with conflicting stress (e.g., FLOUNder + sarDINE), participants preferentially matched the blend that preserved second-word stress (flounDINE) to a right-headed definition.Segmental content: When source-word length was controlled, segments from right-headed blends were more likely to survive than those from coordinating blends.  Given source words that could be spliced at two points (e.g., flaMiNGo + MoNGoose), participants preferentially matched the one that preserved more of the second word (flamongoose) to a right-headed definition.These results support the hypotheses that Positional Faithfulness constraints are universally available, that heads are a privileged position, and that blend phonology is sensitive to headedness

The effect of facial ageing on forensic facial image comparison

Facial appearance changes over time as people age. This poses a challenge for individuals working in forensic settings whose role requires them to match the identity of face images. The present research aimed to determine how well an international sample of forensic facial examiners could match faces with a substantial age gap. We tested a sample of 60 facial examiners, 23 professional teams and 81 untrained control participants. Participants matched pairs of photographs with a 10–30-year age gap between the images. Participants also estimated the ages of the faces. On the matching task, individual professionals and teams outperformed controls and made fewer high confidence errors. On the age estimation task, there was no advantage for professionals relative to controls. Our results suggest that forensic facial examiners can tolerate substantial age differences between adult faces when performing comparisons, but this advantage does not extend to accurate age estimation

Grass burning under our feet: Indigenous enterprise development in a political economy of whiteness

In this article we discuss some of our findings from two research projects that explore opportunities for Indigenous enterprise development in remote locations in Northern and Central Australia. Based on a series of focus groups and in-depth interviews with Indigenous community leaders, Traditional Owners, government officials, Land Council officials and other stakeholders, we discuss barriers to economic development faced by Indigenous communities in remote regions. We argue that many of these barriers are the material effects of discursive practices of ‘whiteness’ in the political economy. We discuss the relationships between institutions and Indigenous communities that constitute the Indigenous political economy and argue that these relationships are informed by discursive practices of whiteness and colonial-capitalist relations of power. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for management learning and public policy

Exercise hyperthermia induces greater changes in gastrointestinal permeability than equivalent passive hyperthermia

Hyperthermia and exertional heat illness increase gastrointestinal (GI) permeability, although whether the latter is only via hyperthermia is unclear. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether different changes in GI permeability, characterized by an increased plasma lactulose:rhamnose concentration ratio ([L:R]), occurred in exercise hyperthermia in comparison to equivalent passive hyperthermia. Six healthy adult male participants (age 25 ± 5 years, mass 77.0 ± 6.7 kg, height 181 ± 6 cm, peak oxygen uptake [urn:x-wiley:2051817X:media:phy214945:phy214945-math-0001] 48 ± 8 ml.kg−1.min−1) underwent exercise under hot conditions (Ex-Heat) and passive heating during hot water immersion (HWI). Heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (TCORE), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and whole-body sweat loss (WBSL) were recorded throughout the trials. The L:R ratio, peak HR, change in HR, and change in RPE were higher in Ex-Heat than HWI, despite no differences in trial duration, peak core temperature or WBSL. L:R was strongly correlated (p < 0.05) with HR peak (r = 0.626) and change in HR (r = 0.615) but no other variable. The greater L:R in Ex-Heat, despite equal TCORE responses to HWI, indicates that increased cardiovascular strain occurred during exercise, and exacerbates hyperthermia-induced GI permeability at the same absolute temperature