69 research outputs found
Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots
Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental-friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil-hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil-root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil-borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.This work is framed in the networking activities of RedVitis (AGL2015-70931-REDT) and RedVitis 2.0 (AGL2017-90759-REDT), funded by the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Ms Diana Marin is beneficiary of postgraduate scholarship funded by Universidad Publica de Navarra (FPI-UPNA-2016). Dr Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius acknowledges the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-22228 and Dr David Gramaje acknowledges Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-23098
Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots
Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental‐friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil‐hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil–root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil‐borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots
[EN] Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental-friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil-hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil-root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil-borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.This work is framed in the networking activities of RedVitis (AGL2015-70931-REDT) and RedVitis 2.0 (AGL2017-90759-REDT), funded by the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Ms Diana Marin is beneficiary of postgraduate scholarship funded by Universidad Publica de Navarra (FPI-UPNA-2016). Dr Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius acknowledges the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-22228 and Dr David Gramaje acknowledges Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-23098.Marín, D.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Carbonell-Bejerano, P.; Escalona, J.; Gramaje Pérez, D.; Hernández-Montes, E.; Intrigliolo, DS.... (2021). Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research. 27(1):8-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12463S825271AGÜERO, C. B., URATSU, S. L., GREVE, C., POWELL, A. L. T., LABAVITCH, J. M., MEREDITH, C. P., & DANDEKAR, A. M. (2005). Evaluation of tolerance to Pierce’s disease andBotrytisin transgenic plants ofVitis viniferaL. expressing the pear PGIP gene. Molecular Plant Pathology, 6(1), 43-51. doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00262.xAgustí-Brisach, C., Mostert, L., & Armengol, J. (2013). Detection and quantification ofIlyonectriaspp. associated with black-foot disease of grapevine in nursery soils using multiplex nested PCR and quantitative PCR. Plant Pathology, 63(2), 316-322. doi:10.1111/ppa.12093Agustí-Brisach, C., Gramaje, D., García-Jiménez, J., & Armengol, J. (2013). Detection of black-foot disease pathogens in the grapevine nursery propagation process in Spain. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 137(1), 103-112. doi:10.1007/s10658-013-0221-8Alaniz, S., García-Jiménez, J., Abad-Campos, P., & Armengol, J. (2010). Susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. macrodidymum. Scientia Horticulturae, 125(3), 305-308. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2010.04.009Alaniz, S., Armengol, J., León, M., García-Jiménez, J., & Abad-Campos, P. (2009). Analysis of genetic and virulence diversity of Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. macrodidymum associated with black foot disease of grapevine. Mycological Research, 113(1), 16-23. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.07.002Albacete, A., Martinez-Andujar, C., Martinez-Perez, A., Thompson, A. J., Dodd, I. C., & Perez-Alfocea, F. (2015). Unravelling rootstockxscion interactions to improve food security. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(8), 2211-2226. doi:10.1093/jxb/erv027Aragüés, R., Medina, E. T., Zribi, W., Clavería, I., Álvaro-Fuentes, J., & Faci, J. (2014). Soil salinization as a threat to the sustainability of deficit irrigation under present and expected climate change scenarios. Irrigation Science, 33(1), 67-79. doi:10.1007/s00271-014-0449-xBarrios-Masias, F. H., Knipfer, T., Walker, M. A., & McElrone, A. J. (2019). Differences in hydraulic traits of grapevine rootstocks are not conferred to a common Vitis vinifera scion. Functional Plant Biology, 46(3), 228. doi:10.1071/fp18110Bavaresco, L., Gardiman, M., Brancadoro, L., Espen, L., Failla, O., Scienza, A., … Testolin, R. (2015). Grapevine breeding programs in Italy. Grapevine Breeding Programs for the Wine Industry, 135-157. doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-075-0.00007-7Berdeja, M., Nicolas, P., Kappel, C., Dai, Z. W., Hilbert, G., Peccoux, A., … Delrot, S. (2015). Water limitation and rootstock genotype interact to alter grape berry metabolism through transcriptome reprogramming. Horticulture Research, 2(1). doi:10.1038/hortres.2015.12Bert, P.-F., Bordenave, L., Donnart, M., Hévin, C., Ollat, N., & Decroocq, S. (2012). Mapping genetic loci for tolerance to lime-induced iron deficiency chlorosis in grapevine rootstocks (Vitis sp.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 126(2), 451-473. doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1993-5Bianchi, D., Grossi, D., Tincani, D. T. G., Simone Di Lorenzo, G., Brancadoro, L., & Rustioni, L. (2018). Multi-parameter characterization of water stress tolerance in Vitis hybrids for new rootstock selection. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 132, 333-340. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.018Bonada, M., Jeffery, D. W., Petrie, P. R., Moran, M. A., & Sadras, V. O. (2015). Impact of elevated temperature and water deficit on the chemical and sensory profiles of Barossa Shiraz grapes and wines. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 21(2), 240-253. doi:10.1111/ajgw.12142Borie, B., Jacquiot, L., Jamaux-Despréaux, I., Larignon, P., & Péros, J.-P. (2002). Genetic diversity in populations of the fungiPhaeomoniella chlamydosporaandPhaeoacremonium aleophilumon grapevine in France. Plant Pathology, 51(1), 85-96. doi:10.1046/j.0032-0862.2001.658.xBravdo, B. (2012). EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND IRRIGATION WITH DESALINATED EFFLUENT AND SEA WATER ON PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY OF GRAPEVINES (REVIEW AND UPDATE). Acta Horticulturae, (931), 245-258. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2012.931.27Brown, D. S., Jaspers, M. V., Ridgway, H. J., Barclay, C. J., & Jones, E. E. (2013). Susceptibility of four grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocladiella parva. New Zealand Plant Protection, 66, 249-253. doi:10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5675Brunori, E., Farina, R., & Biasi, R. (2016). Sustainable viticulture: The carbon-sink function of the vineyard agro-ecosystem. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 223, 10-21. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.012Cabral, A., Rego, C., Nascimento, T., Oliveira, H., Groenewald, J. Z., & Crous, P. W. (2012). Multi-gene analysis and morphology reveal novel Ilyonectria species associated with black foot disease of grapevines. Fungal Biology, 116(1), 62-80. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.09.010Carbonell-Bejerano, P., Santa María, E., Torres-Pérez, R., Royo, C., Lijavetzky, D., Bravo, G., … Martínez-Zapater, J. M. (2013). Thermotolerance Responses in Ripening Berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv Muscat Hamburg. Plant and Cell Physiology, 54(7), 1200-1216. doi:10.1093/pcp/pct071Carneiro, R., Randig, O., Almeida, M. R., & Gomes, A. C. (2004). Additional information on Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising kiwi fruit and grape-vine from Brazil and Chile. Nematology, 6(1), 109-123. doi:10.1163/156854104323072982Castellarin, S. D., Matthews, M. A., Di Gaspero, G., & Gambetta, G. A. (2007). Water deficits accelerate ripening and induce changes in gene expression regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries. Planta, 227(1), 101-112. doi:10.1007/s00425-007-0598-8Chaverri, P., Salgado, C., Hirooka, Y., Rossman, A. Y., & Samuels, G. J. (2011). Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs. Studies in Mycology, 68, 57-78. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.03Chaves, M. M., Zarrouk, O., Francisco, R., Costa, J. M., Santos, T., Regalado, A. P., … Lopes, C. M. (2010). Grapevine under deficit irrigation: hints from physiological and molecular data. Annals of Botany, 105(5), 661-676. doi:10.1093/aob/mcq030Chitarra, W., Perrone, I., Avanzato, C. G., Minio, A., Boccacci, P., Santini, D., … Gambino, G. (2017). Grapevine Grafting: Scion Transcript Profiling and Defense-Related Metabolites Induced by Rootstocks. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00654Clark, J. R., & Finn, C. E. (2010). Register of New Fruit and Nut Cultivars List 45. HortScience, 45(5), 716-756. doi:10.21273/hortsci.45.5.716Clingeleffer, P., Morales, N., Davis, H., & Smith, H. (2019). The significance of scion × rootstock interactions. OENO One, 53(2). doi:10.20870/oeno-one.2019.53.2.2438COMAS, L. H., BAUERLE, T. L., & EISSENSTAT, D. M. (2010). Biological and environmental factors controlling root dynamics and function: effects of root ageing and soil moisture. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16, 131-137. doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.2009.00078.xComas, L. H., Anderson, L. J., Dunst, R. M., Lakso, A. N., & Eissenstat, D. M. (2005). Canopy and environmental control of root dynamics in a long‐term study of Concord grape. New Phytologist, 167(3), 829-840. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01456.xComont, G., Corio-Costet, M.-F., Larignon, P., & Delmotte, F. (2010). AFLP markers reveal two genetic groups in the French population of the grapevine fungal pathogen Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 127(4), 451-464. doi:10.1007/s10658-010-9611-3Corso, M., & Bonghi, C. (2014). Grapevine rootstock effects on abiotic stress tolerance. Plant Science Today, 1(3), 108-113. doi:10.14719/pst.2014.1.3.64Corso, M., Vannozzi, A., Maza, E., Vitulo, N., Meggio, F., Pitacco, A., … Lucchin, M. (2015). Comprehensive transcript profiling of two grapevine rootstock genotypes contrasting in drought susceptibility links the phenylpropanoid pathway to enhanced tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(19), 5739-5752. doi:10.1093/jxb/erv274Costa, J. M., Vaz, M., Escalona, J., Egipto, R., Lopes, C., Medrano, H., & Chaves, M. M. (2016). Modern viticulture in southern Europe: Vulnerabilities and strategies for adaptation to water scarcity. Agricultural Water Management, 164, 5-18. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2015.08.021Cousins, P. (2005). Rootstock Breeding: An Analysis of Intractability. HortScience, 40(7), 1945-1946. doi:10.21273/hortsci.40.7.1945Cramer W. Guiot J.andMarini K.(2019)MedECC booklet: risks associated to climate and environmental changes in the Mediterranean region. A preliminary assessment by the MedECC Network Science‐policy interface.https://www.medecc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/MedECC-Booklet_EN_WEB.pdfCummins, J. N., & Aldwinckle, H. S. (1995). Breeding rootstocks for tree fruit crops. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23(4), 395-402. doi:10.1080/01140671.1995.9513915Davies, W. J., Kudoyarova, G., & Hartung, W. (2005). Long-distance ABA Signaling and Its Relation to Other Signaling Pathways in the Detection of Soil Drying and the Mediation of the Plant’s Response to Drought. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 24(4). doi:10.1007/s00344-005-0103-1Degu, A., Morcia, C., Tumino, G., Hochberg, U., Toubiana, D., Mattivi, F., … Fait, A. (2015). Metabolite profiling elucidates communalities and differences in the polyphenol biosynthetic pathways of red and white Muscat genotypes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 86, 24-33. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.006Delrot, S., Grimplet, J., Carbonell-Bejerano, P., Schwandner, A., Bert, P.-F., Bavaresco, L., … Vezzulli, S. (2020). Genetic and Genomic Approaches for Adaptation of Grapevine to Climate Change. Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Fruit Crops, 157-270. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97946-5_7Demangeat, G., Voisin, R., Minot, J.-C., Bosselut, N., Fuchs, M., & Esmenjaud, D. (2005). Survival of Xiphinema index in Vineyard Soil and Retention of Grapevine fanleaf virus Over Extended Time in the Absence of Host Plants. Phytopathology®, 95(10), 1151-1156. doi:10.1094/phyto-95-1151Downton, W. (1977). Photosynthesis in Salt-Stressed Grapevines. Functional Plant Biology, 4(2), 183. doi:10.1071/pp9770183Dutt, M., Li, Z. T., Kelley, K. T., Dhekney, S. A., Van Aman, M., Tattersall, J., & Gray, D. J. (2007). TRANSGENIC ROOTSTOCK PROTEIN TRANSMISSION IN GRAPEVINES. Acta Horticulturae, (738), 749-754. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2007.738.99Eissenstat, D. M., Bauerle, T. L., Comas, L. H., Lakso, A. N., Neilsen, D., Neilsen, G. H., & Smart, D. R. (2006). SEASONAL PATTERNS OF ROOT GROWTH IN RELATION TO SHOOT PHENOLOGY IN GRAPE AND APPLE. Acta Horticulturae, (721), 21-26. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.721.1ESCALONA, J. M., TOMÀS, M., MARTORELL, S., MEDRANO, H., RIBAS-CARBO, M., & FLEXAS, J. (2012). Carbon balance in grapevines under different soil water supply: importance of whole plant respiration. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 18(3), 308-318. doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.2012.00193.xEsmenjaud, D., & Bouquet, A. (2009). Selection and Application of Resistant Germplasm for Grapevine Nematodes Management. Integrated Management of Fruit Crops Nematodes, 195-214. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9858-1_8Fahrentrapp, J., Müller, L., & Schumacher, P. (2015). Is there need for leaf-galling grape phylloxera control? Presence and distribution ofDactulosphaira vitifoliaein Swiss vineyards. International Journal of Pest Management, 61(4), 340-345. doi:10.1080/09670874.2015.1067734FLEXAS, J., GALMÃ S, J., GALLÃ , A., GULÃ AS, J., POU, A., RIBAS-CARBO, M., … MEDRANO, H. (2010). Improving water use efficiency in grapevines: potential physiological targets for biotechnological improvement. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16, 106-121. doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.2009.00057.xFort, K. P., Heinitz, C. C., & Walker, M. A. (2015). Chloride exclusion patterns in six grapevine populations. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 21(1), 147-155. doi:10.1111/ajgw.12125Foundation Plant Services(2020) Grape Variery: RS‐2. Grape program at Foundation Plant Services.https://fps.ucdavis.edu/Fraga, H., Malheiro, A. C., Moutinho‐Pereira, J., & Santos, J. A. (2012). An overview of climate change impacts on European viticulture. Food and Energy Security, 1(2), 94-110. doi:10.1002/fes3.14Franck, N., Morales, J. P., Arancibia‐Avendaño, D., García de Cortázar, V., Perez‐Quezada, J. F., Zurita‐Silva, A., & Pastenes, C. (2011). Seasonal fluctuations in
Vitis vinifera
root respiration in the field. New Phytologist, 192(4), 939-951. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03860.xFu, Q., Tan, Y., Zhai, H., & Du, Y. (2019). Evaluation of salt resistance mechanisms of grapevine hybrid rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae, 243, 148-158. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.07.034Funes, I., Savé, R., Rovira, P., Molowny-Horas, R., Alcañiz, J. M., Ascaso, E., … Vayreda, J. (2019). Agricultural soil organic carbon stocks in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula: Drivers and spatial variability. Science of The Total Environment, 668, 283-294. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.317Galbignani, M., Merli, M. C., Magnanini, E., Bernizzoni, F., Talaverano, I., Gatti, M., … Poni, S. (2016). Gas exchange and water-use efficiency of cv. Sangiovese grafted to rootstocks of varying water-deficit tolerance. Irrigation Science, 34(2), 105-116. doi:10.1007/s00271-016-0490-zGambetta, G. A., Manuck, C. M., Drucker, S. T., Shaghasi, T., Fort, K., Matthews, M. A., … McElrone, A. J. (2012). The relationship between root hydraulics and scion vigour across Vitis rootstocks: what role do root aquaporins play? Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(18), 6445-6455. doi:10.1093/jxb/ers312Geier, T., Eimert, K., Scherer, R., & Nickel, C. (2008). Production and rooting behaviour of rolB-transgenic plants of grape rootstock ‘Richter 110’ (Vitis berlandieri × V. rupestris). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 94(3), 269-280. doi:10.1007/s11240-008-9352-6Girollet, N., Rubio, B., Lopez-Roques, C., Valière, S., Ollat, N., & Bert, P.-F. (2019). De novo phased assembly of the Vitis riparia grape genome. Scientific Data, 6(1). doi:10.1038/s41597-019-0133-3Gómez, J., Lasanta, C., Palacios-Santander, J. M., & Cubillana-Aguilera, L. M. (2015). Chemical modeling for pH prediction of acidified musts with gypsum and tartaric acid in warm regions. Food Chemistry, 168, 218-224. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.058Gong, H., Blackmore, D., Clingeleffer, P., Sykes, S., Jha, D., Tester, M., & Walker, R. (2010). Contrast in chloride exclusion between two grapevine genotypes and its variation in their hybrid progeny. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(3), 989-999. doi:10.1093/jxb/erq326Gramaje, D., & Armengol, J. (2011). Fungal Trunk Pathogens in the Grapevine Propagation Process: Potential Inoculum Sources, Detection, Identification, and Management Strategies. Plant Disease, 95(9), 1040-1055. doi:10.1094/pdis-01-11-0025Gramaje, D., Armengol, J., & Ridgway, H. J. (2012). Genetic and virulence diversity, and mating type distribution of Togninia minima causing grapevine trunk diseases in Spain. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 135(4), 727-743. doi:10.1007/s10658-012-0110-6Gramaje, D., García-Jiménez, J., & Armengol, J. (2010). Field Evaluation of Grapevine Rootstocks Inoculated with Fungi Associated with Petri Disease and Esca. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 61(4), 512-520. doi:10.5344/ajev.2010.10021Gramaje, D., Úrbez-Torres, J. R., & Sosnowski, M. R. (2018). Managing Grapevine Trunk Diseases With Respect to Etiology and Epidemiology: Current Strategies and Future Prospects. Plant Disease, 102(1), 12-39. doi:10.1094/pdis-04-17-0512-feGramaje, D., Mostert, L., Groenewald, J. Z., & Crous, P. W. (2015). Phaeoacremonium: From esca disease to phaeohyphomycosis. Fungal Biology, 119(9), 759-783. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2015.06.004Gramaje, D., León, M., Santana, M., Crous, P. W., & Armengol, J. (2014). Multilocus ISSR Markers Reveal Two Major Genetic Groups in Spanish and South African Populations of the Grapevine Fungal Pathogen Cadophora luteo-olivacea. PLoS ONE, 9(10), e110417. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110417Granett, J., Walker, M. A., Kocsis, L., & Omer, A. D. (2001). BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF GRAPE PHYLLOXERA. Annual Review of Entomology, 46(1), 387-412. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.387Gubler, W. D., Baumgartner, K., Browne, G. T., Eskalen, A., Latham, S. R., Petit, E., & Bayramian, L. A. (2004). Root diseases of grapevines in California and their control. Australasian Plant Pathology, 33(2), 157. doi:10.1071/ap04019Gullo, G., Dattola, A., Vonella, V., & Zappia, R. (2018). Evaluation of water relation parameters in vitis rootstocks with different drought tolerance and their effects on growth of a grafted cultivar. Journal of Plant Physiology, 226, 172-178. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.013Haider, M. S., Jogaiah, S., Pervaiz, T., Yanxue, Z., Khan, N., & Fang, J. (2019). Physiological and transcriptional variations inducing complex adaptive mechanisms in grapevine by salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 162, 455-467. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.03.022Hajdu, E. (2015). Grapevine breeding in Hungary. Grapevine Breeding Programs for the Wine Industry, 103-134. doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-075-0.00006-5Harbertson, J. F., & Keller, M. (2011). Rootstock Effects on Deficit-Irrigated Winegrapes in a Dry Climate: Grape and Wine Composition. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 63(1), 40-48. doi:10.5344/ajev.2011.11079Haywood, V., Yu, T.-S., Huang, N.-C., & Lucas, W. J. (2005). Phloem long-distance trafficking of GIBBERELLIC ACID-INSENSITIVE RNA regulates leaf development. The Plant Journal, 42(1), 49-68. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02351.xHe, F., Mu, L., Yan, G.-L., Liang, N.-N., Pan, Q.-H., Wang, J., … Duan, C.-Q. (2010). Biosynthesis of Anthocyanins and Their Regulation in Colored Grapes. Molecules, 15(12), 9057-9091. doi:10.3390/molecules15129057He, R., Zhuang, Y., Cai, Y., Agüero, C. B., Liu, S., Wu, J., … Zhang, Y. (2018). Overexpression of 9-cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Cisgene in Grapevine Increases Drought Tolerance and Results in Pleiotropic Effects. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00970Heinitz, C. C., Riaz, S., Tenscher, A. C., Romero, N., & Walker, M. A. (2020). Survey of chloride exclusion in grape germplasm from the southwestern United States and Mexico. Crop Science, 60(4), 1946-1956. doi:10.1002/csc2.20085Hemmer, C., Djennane, S., Ackerer, L., Hleibieh, K., Marmonier, A., Gersch, S., … Ritzenthaler, C. (2017). Nanobody-mediated resistance to Grapevine fanleaf virus in plants. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16(2), 660-671. doi:10.1111/pbi.12819Henderson, S. W., Baumann, U., Blackmore, D. H., Walker, A. R., Walker, R. R., & Gilliham, M. (2014). Shoot chloride exclusion and salt tolerance in grapevine is associated with differential ion transporter expression in roots. BMC Plant Biology, 14(1). doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0273-8Henderson, S. W., Dunlevy, J. D., Wu, Y., Blackmore, D. H., Walker, R. R., Edwards, E. J., … Walker, A. R. (2017). Functional differences in transport properties of natural
HKT
1;1 variants influence shoot Na
+
exclusion in grapevine rootstocks. New Phytologist, 217(3), 1113-1127. doi:10.1111/nph.14888Hernández-Montes, E., Escalona, J. M., Tomás, M., & Medrano, H. (2017). Influence of water availability and grapevine phenological stage on the spatial variation in soil respiration. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 23(2), 273-279. doi:10.1111/ajgw.12279De Herralde, F., Sa
Determinants of anxiety in elite athletes:a systematic review and meta-analysis
OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify determinants of anxiety symptoms and disorders experienced by elite athletes. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Five online databases (PubMed, SportDiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane) were searched up to November 2018 to identify eligible citations. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Articles were included if they were published in English, were quantitative studies and measured a symptom-level anxiety outcome in competing or retired athletes at the professional (including professional youth), Olympic or collegiate/university levels. RESULTS AND SUMMARY: We screened 1163 articles; 61 studies were included in the systematic review and 27 of them were suitable for meta-analysis. Overall risk of bias for included studies was low. Athletes and non-athletes had no differences in anxiety profiles (d=-0.11, p=0.28). Pooled effect sizes, demonstrating moderate effects, were identified for (1) career dissatisfaction (d=0.45; higher anxiety in dissatisfied athletes), (2) gender (d=0.38; higher anxiety in female athletes), (3) age (d=-0.34; higher anxiety for younger athletes) and (4) musculoskeletal injury (d=0.31; higher anxiety for injured athletes). A small pooled effect was found for recent adverse life events (d=0.26)-higher anxiety in athletes who had experienced one or more recent adverse life events. CONCLUSION: Determinants of anxiety in elite populations broadly reflect those experienced by the general population. Clinicians should be aware of these general and athlete-specific determinants of anxiety among elite athletes
HORYZONS trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a moderated online social therapy to maintain treatment effects from first-episode psychosis services.
INTRODUCTION: Specialised early intervention services have demonstrated improved outcomes in first-episode psychosis (FEP); however, clinical gains may not be sustained after patients are transferred to regular care. Moreover, many patients with FEP remain socially isolated with poor functional outcomes. To address this, our multidisciplinary team has developed a moderated online social media therapy (HORYZONS) designed to enhance social functioning and maintain clinical gains from specialist FEP services. HORYZONS merges: (1) peer-to-peer social networking; (2) tailored therapeutic interventions; (3) expert and peer-moderation; and (4) new models of psychological therapy (strengths and mindfulness-based interventions) targeting social functioning. The aim of this trial is to determine whether following 2 years of specialised support and 18-month online social media-based intervention (HORYZONS) is superior to 18 months of regular care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is a single-blind randomised controlled trial. The treatment conditions include HORYZONS plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. We recruited 170 young people with FEP, aged 16-27 years, in clinical remission and nearing discharge from Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, Melbourne. The study includes four assessment time points, namely, baseline, 6-month, 12-month and 18-month follow-up. The study is due for completion in July 2018 and included a 40-month recruitment period and an 18-month treatment phase. The primary outcome is social functioning at 18 months. Secondary outcome measures include rate of hospital admissions, cost-effectiveness, vocational status, depression, social support, loneliness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, anxiety, psychological well-being, satisfaction with life, quality of life, positive and negative psychotic symptoms and substance use. Social functioning will be also assessed in real time through our Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment tool. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Melbourne Health Human Research Ethics Committee (2013.146) provided ethics approval for this study. Findings will be made available through scientific journals and forums and to the public via social media and the Orygen website. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12614000009617; Pre-results
Intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho na composição da uva Cabernet Sauvignon.
A pesquisa foi realizada durante quatro anos, num vinhedo de Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.), em Bento Gonçalves-RS. O objetivo foi determinar o efeito das intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho em variáveis relacionadas aos componentes de produção da videira e à composição do mosto de uva. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois níveis de poda seca - curta e longa - e quatro de desbaste de cacho (%) - 0; 25; 50 e 75 -; com cinco repetições. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos em parcelas subdivididas. Os resultados mostram que a poda seca e o desbaste de cacho tiveram efeito altamente significativo na produtividade do vinhedo que, na média dos quatro anos, variou de 10.971 kg/ha ? poda curta, 75% de desbaste ? a 32.819 kg/ha ? poda longa, 0% de desbaste. Houve, também, efeito significativo na produtividade por gema, peso de ramos podados por gema e por hectare, área foliar/peso fresco do fruto e produtividade/peso de ramos podados. Entretanto, o efeito nas variáveis relacionadas a açúcar e acidez do mosto da uva foi pouco expressivo. O componente 1 da análise de componentes principais discriminou o tratamento poda curta a 75% de desbaste de cacho dos tratamentos poda longa-0% de desbaste e poda longa-25% de desbaste
Definición del núcleo optimizado de la colección de conservación del manzano español
5 Pags.- 1 Tabl.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la estrategia más adecuada para la selección del conjunto mínimo de accesiones (núcleo optimizado) que represente eficientemente la variación genética del manzano conservado en las colecciones españolas. Este núcleo optimizado mediante criterios genéticos constituirá la base de la colección nuclear de conservación, que podrá ser complementado con accesiones seleccionadas por otros criterios (morfo-fisiológicos, agronómicos, valor histórico, etc.). Se ha evaluado la eficiencia de estrategias de selección por búsqueda local estocástica avanzada (ASLS) que diferían tanto por el tamaño final del núcleo como por la combinación (y peso relativo) de las medidas de distancia genética y riqueza alélica a optimizar. Las estrategias empleadas han proporcionado núcleos optimizados con grandes diferencias en la diversidad conservada, así como en el nivel de representación de la estructura genética general. Teniendo en cuenta el uso principal de la colección nuclear, la estrategia que ofrece un mejor equilibrio entre representatividad y adecuación al uso es la que combina la optimización de la distancia media entre cada accesión de la colección y la entrada en el núcleo más cercana con el índice de Shannon y la recuperación de alelos.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por los proyectos INIA RF2011-00017-C05-00 y RTA2015-00052-C02-00Peer reviewe
Development of a standardized methodology for phenotypical characterizations in apple
4 Pags.- 2 Tabls. Articles derived from XIV EUCARPIA Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics (Bologna,Italy. June 14-18 2015) . The definitive version is available at: http://www.actahort.org/index.htmThe description of phenotypic traits in apple cultivars is generally performed using internationally agreed descriptors such as UPOV guidelines, which defines for each trait several states of expression. However, it is not always possible to classify a cultivar unambiguously using those guidelines, because in practice the states are not clearly enough defined or the example cultivars are not always available in the collections. This work presents the results of a harmonization project performed by the teams responsible of the main apple germplasm collections in Spain. The objective was to develop a standardized method for the 57 traits included in the TG/14/9 UPOV guidelines for apple characterization, defining their states of expression in a clear and unambiguous way for Spanish germplasm. Phenotypic data collected for more than 1,600 accessions from Spanish collections were used and the method to define each state depended on the type of expression. For quantitative traits the number of states and their limits were defined according to the variability that exists within and between accessions. For qualitative traits, high-resolution images clearly depicting each state were selected. A standardized characterization protocol for the 57 traits of apple germplasm has been provided, enabling to comparing properly the phenotypes of Spanish genetic resources.This Project has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and
Innovation/National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (RF2011-
00017-C05-00).Peer reviewe
- …