Internal visual workmanship standard for microelectronic devices /NASA STD XX-2/ and training manual, volume 2

Internal visual workmanship standards for monolithic microelectronic devices - training manua

Current Solar Applications and Economics

Until relatively recently, man has been almost totally dependent on the sun to directly, or more often indirectly, provide energy for his well-being. High quality stored solar energy in the form of oil, natural gas and, to a lesser extent, coal have been in such great, demand during this century that they \u27 are being depleted at an intolerably high rate. Consequently, more renewable forms of energy are being considered—or more accurately, reconsidered. It was proven feasible to harness the wind, to collect sunlight and store it as heat, and to convert thermal energy stored in the oceans to do useful work decades ago. However, as adequate distribution networks for the fossil fuels and electricity were developed, these convenient sources of energy led to the abandonment of windmills, solar water heaters and the few experimental ocean thermal conversion plants which the French worked on ..\u27. during the second quarter of the century. As supplies of our convenience fuels dwindle, convenience will become increasingly expensive and availability will become an important factor influencing future sources of energy. The main body of the paper contains an overview of important considerations essential to the evaluation of energy alternatives. Those considerations include a review of the status of simple solar harvesting techniques, direct economic comparisons and socio-economic ramifications of several of the most promising solar alternatives

Proposal for a study of computer mapping of terrain using multispectral data from ERTS-A for the Yellowstone National Park test site

The author has identified the following significant results. A terrain map of Yellowstone National Park showed plant community types and other classes of ground cover in what is basically a wild land. The map comprised 12 classes, six of which were mapped with accuracies of 70 to 95%. The remaining six classes had spectral reflectances that overlapped appreciably, and hence, those were mapped less accurately. Techniques were devised for quantitatively comparing the recognition map of the park with control data acquired from ground inspection and from analysis of sidelooking radar images, a thermal IR mosaic, and IR aerial photos of several scales. Quantitative analyses were made in ten 40 sq km test areas. Comparison mechanics were performed by computer with the final results displayed on line printer output. Forested areas were mapped by computer using ERTS data for less than 1/4 the cost of the conventional forest mapping technique for topographic base maps

Emerging Neurotechnologies for Lie Detection and the Fifth Amendment

The article examines the legal implications and advantages of emerging Neurotechnological Lie Detection (NTLD). The self-incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was taken into account, including its scope over NTLD. Key information about the reliability and privacy issues of NTLD is further presented

World Aging Lessons Learned: Engaging Older Adults in International Activities in Increase Physical Activity Levels

Please refer to the pdf version of the abstract located adjacent to the title

Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM)

International audiencePotential Aerosol Mass (PAM) can be defined as the maximum aerosol mass that the oxidation of precursor gases produces. In the measurement, all precursor gases are rapidly oxidized with extreme amounts of oxidants to low volatility compounds, resulting in the aerosol formation. Oxidation occurs in a small, simple, flow-through chamber that has a short residence time and is irradiated with ultraviolet light. The amount of the oxidants ozone (O3), hydroxyl (OH), and hydroperoxyl (HO2) were measured directly and can be controlled by varying the UV light and the relative humidity. Maximum values were 40 ppmv for O3, 500 pptv for OH, and 4 ppbv for HO2. The oxidant amounts are 100 to 1000 times troposphere values, but the ratios OH/O3 and HO2/OH are similar to troposphere values. The aerosol production mechanism and the aerosol mass yield were studied for several controlling variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, oxidant concentration, presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx), precursor gas composition and amount, and the presence of acidic seed aerosol. The measured secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield of several natural and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and a mixture of hydrocarbons in the PAM chamber were similar to those obtained in large, batch-style environmental chambers. This PAM method is being developed for measuring potential aerosol mass in the atmosphere, but is also useful for examining SOA processes in the laboratory and in environmental chambers