Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Principles of Hand Fracture Management

The hand is essential in humans for physical manipulation of their surrounding environment. Allowing the ability to grasp, and differentiated from other animals by an opposing thumb, the main functions include both fine and gross motor skills as well as being a key tool for sensing and understanding the immediate surroundings of their owner

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Knowledge representation in intelligent tutoring systems for computer programming

Computer-assisted instruction can offer individualized instruction in a manner which is more effective, faster and less costly than traditional teaching. With the growing number of students taking computer programming courses and rising expectations of programming as a kind of mental whetstone for developing minds, the development of effective tutoring systems for programming and the teaching of problem-solving skills have become hot topics for researchers in the artificial intelligence and cognitive areas. This paper discusses the problem of knowledge representation in Intelligent tutoring systems for computer programming. © 1989 by American Sciences Press, Inc

The effect of coloring liquid dipping time on the fracture load and color of zirconia ceramics

PURPOSE. The aims of the study were to evaluate the fracture load of zirconia core material after dipping in coloring liquid at different time intervals and to compare the color of dipped blocks with that of prefabricated shaded blocks. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 3-unit bridge frameworks were designed digitally. Sixty frameworks were fabricated using uncolored zirconia blocks by CAD/CAM and divided into 4 groups randomly (n = 15). Group 2 (G2) was subjected to coloring liquids for 2 minutes, Group 4 (G4) for 4 minutes, and Group 6 (G6) for 6 minutes. CFS group was not subjected to any coloring procedure. After coloring, color differences between the test groups and a prefabricated shaded zirconia group (CPZ, n = 15) were evaluated by using a spectrophotometer. Fracture test was conducted immediately after shade evaluation with a Testometric test device at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/sec. Statistical analysis for evaluating color and fracture load was performed by using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test (P ?.05). Weibull analysis was conducted for distribution of fracture load. RESULTS. There was no difference in terms of fracture load and color between CFS (1176.681 N) and G2 (985.638 N) group and between CPZ (81.340) and G2 (81.140) group, respectively. Fracture load values of G4 (779.340 N) and G6 (935.491 N) groups were statistically significantly lower than that of CFS group (P ?.005). The color values of G4 (79.340) and G6 (79.673) groups were statistically different than that of CPZ group (P ?.005). CONCLUSION. Prolonged immersion of zirconia in coloring liquid not only negatively affected the fracture load of the zirconia being tested in the current study but also deteriorated the desired shade of the restoration. © 2017 The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics

A knowledge-based production scheduling system

1990 IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Motion Control, IMC 1990 -- 20 August 1990 through 22 August 1990 -- 146924In this paper we pressent our approach in developing a knowledge-based system for production scheduling in a job-shop: Production scheduling problem has been considered as a hierarchical decision-making problem consisting of three levels of decision activities, namely resource allocation, sequencing and scheduling decisions. We adopted the approach of using heuristic dispatching techniques with simulation-based performance evaluation and developed a prototype system in PROLOG. The approach aims at giving decision support for planning and scheduling in a job-shop In two levels: 1) to predict shop behavior through handling allocation, sequencing and scheduling decisions. 2) to enable to modify current schedules based on up-to-date Information such as unexpected machine breakdowns. © 1991 IEEE