HEMODINÂMICA PERIFÉRICA E CENTRAL DE PRATICANTES DE TREINAMENTO RESISTIDO OU AERÓBICO

Objetivos: O presente estudo visou comparar a hemodinâmica central e periférica de indivíduos treinados com exercícios resistidos intensos e corredores de endurance. Métodos: Tonometria de aplanação da artéria radial, velocidade de onda de pulso e medidas ecocardiográficas foram realizadas em 19 indivíduos treinados em exercícios resistidos, 21 corredores de endurance e 29 controles saudáveis destreinados, todos homens, pareados por idade (25 a 50 anos). ANOVA de uma via ou Kruskall Wallis foram usados para a análise dos dados. O teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey foi utilizado como post-hoc após a ANOVA e o método de Dunn após Kruskall Wallis. Dados expressos como média ± desvio padrão (mediana). Resultados: O índice de incremento corrigido por 75 batimentos por minuto (AIx@75%) foi menor nos indivíduos treinados em exercícios resistidos intensos do que nos corredores de endurance e controles respectivamente [-10,8 ± 10,0 (-15.0)] vs. [-0,6 ± 13,2 (-1.0)] vs. [1,2 ± 12,9 (1.0)], com valor de P <0.001. Corredores de endurance por sua vez apresentaram maior razão de viabilidade subendocárdica (SEVR%) [225 ± 32 (223)] que indivíduos treinados em exercícios resistidos intensos [186 ± 35 (185)] e controles saudáveis [173 ± 27 (174)], com valor de P <0,001. Além disso, corredores de endurance mostraram menor índice de duração de ejeção (ED%) [28 ± 3 (27)] do que indivíduos treinados em exercícios resistidos intensos [32 ± 4 (31)] e controles saudáveis [33 ± 3 (33)], com valor de P <0,001. A velocidade de onda de pulso foi semelhante entre os grupos (P=0,08). Os grupos treinados apresentaram maior massa ventricular esquerda indexada pela superfície corporal (P <0,001). Conclusões: Indivíduos treinados em exercícios resistidos intensos mostraram melhor amortecimento das ondas de pressão enquanto corredores de endurance apresentaram melhor perfusão miocárdica e contração ventricular mais eficiente

Microneedle-Assisted Delivery of Anti-Migraine Drugs Across Porcine Skin: Almotriptan Malate and Naratriptan Hydrochloride

Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, aching, fever, pain and chills. Triptans are selective serotonin agonists which can used to relieve migraine symptoms. Almotriptan malate and naratriptan hydrochloride are currently used for the management of migraine in the form of oral tablets. Oral tablets may be problematic for patients experiencing nausea and vomiting which are often associated with migraine. The microneedle-assisted transdermal drug delivery of these triptans may improve patient compliance. A vertical six-celled, static Franz diffusion cell system was used to conduct in vitro permeation experiments on porcine ear skin to determine the influence of microneedle-assisted transdermal delivery of both almotriptan malate and naratriptan hydrochloride. HPLC-MS analysis was performed using an Agilent 1200 series high performance liquid chromatography system in combination with an Agilent time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) system model 6230 (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). A reversed phase liquid chromatography column (Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18, 100 mm X 2.1 mm, 3.5 µm), was utilized for chromatographic separation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to characterize the depth of the microchannels created after stainless-steel microneedle roller application. Transdermal flux of both triptans was calculated from the linear portion of the cumulative amount of drug permeated versus time curve. The mean passive flux of almotriptan malate was 13.044 ± 0.32 µg.cm2 .h, while the mean flux following microneedle roller application was 11.281 ± 0.22 µg.cm2 .h. The mean flux values for naratriptan hydrochloride for passive and after microneedle roller application was 0.88 ± 0.29 µg.cm2 .h and 4.18 ± 1.39 µg.cm2 .h, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test (GradPad Prism 7). A statistically significant difference (p\u3c0.05) between microneedle-treated porcine skin samples compared to untreated skin samples was found for the transdermal flux values of naratriptan hydrochloride. Solid stainless-steel microneedle rollers enhanced the transdermal delivery of naratriptan hydrochloride. In contrast, transdermal flux values obtained for almotriptan malate indicate that differences between microneedle-treated and untreated skin samples was not statistically significant (p\u3e0.05)

The Influence of Solid Microneedles on the Transdermal Delivery of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs

The aim of this project was to examine the effect of microneedle rollers on the percutaneous penetration of tiagabine hydrochloride and carbamazepine across porcine skin in vitro. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis was carried out using an Agilent 1200 Series HPLC system coupled to an Agilent G1969A TOF-MS system. Transdermal flux values of the drugs were determined from the steady-state portion of the cumulative amount versus time curves. Following twelve hours of microneedle roller application, there was a 6.74-fold increase in the percutaneous penetration of tiagabine hydrochloride (86.42 ± 25.66 µg/cm2/h) compared to passive delivery (12.83 ± 6.30 µg/cm2/h). For carbamazepine in 20% ethanol, passive transdermal flux of 7.85 ± 0.60 µg/cm2/h was observed compared to 10.85 ± 0.11 µg/cm2/h after microneedle treatment. Carbamazepine reconstituted in 30% ethanol resulted in only a 1.19-fold increase in drug permeation across porcine skin (36.73 ± 1.83 µg/cm2/h versus 30.74 ± 1.32 µg/cm2/h). Differences in flux values of untreated and microneedle-treated porcine skin using solid microneedles for the transdermal delivery of tiagabine were statistically significant. Although there were 1.38- and 1.19-fold increases in transdermal flux values of carbamazepine when applied as 20% and 30% ethanol solutions across microneedle-treated porcine skin, respectively, the increases were not statistically significant

Effect of stocking density and protein/fat ratio of the diet on growth of Dover sole (Solea solea)

250 soles (30g initial weight) were randomly placed in 12 experimental tanks at the Discizia's aquaculture marine station. They were reared at 2 different stocking densities (2.3 and 1.3kg/m2 corresponding to 40% and 25% of the bottom surface area covered by fish) and fed on 2 diets with different protein/fat ratio (50% and 54% crude protein and 21% and 18% total lipid, respectively for diets A and B) with triplicate tanks per treatment. The trial lasted 120 days. Fish stocked at the lower density resulted in significantly higher weight gain than fish reared at 2.3 kg/m2 (29.0±7.3 g vs 20.3±8.0g; P<0.01) with a specific growth rate (SGR) of 0.54±0.09 and 0.42±0.13, respectively. Feed conversion rate (FCR) was improved at the lower density (1.8 vs 2.4, P<0.01). The chemical composition of the test diets significantly affected the growth performance of sole. Diet B led to a higher final weight (59.7 vs 50.8g; P<0.01) and better feed utilisation (FCR: 1.8 vs 2.4, P<0.01). These results confirm the necessity to ensure an adequate space for the growing sole and suggest the need for high protein diets to meet sole's requirements

Assessing Yield and Quality of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Improved by Biodegradable Mulching Film

: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic mulching films have an important function, but at the end of their lifetime pose an economic and environmental problem in terms of their removal and disposal. Biodegradable mulching films represent an alternative to LDPE with the potential to avoid these environmental issues. In this preliminary study, we employed a biodegradable film based on Mater-Bi® (MB) in comparison with low-density polyethylene to assess their effect on the yield and particular quality traits (organoleptic and nutraceutical composition of the fruits) of muskmelon (cv Pregiato) grown on soils with different textures (clay-loam-CL and sandy loam-SL) in two private farms in South Italy. Soil temperature under the mulch was also measured. During the monitored periods, mean soil temperature under LDPE was higher (about 1.3 °C) than that under the biodegradable film and was higher in SL soil than in CL soil, at 25.5° and 24.2 °C, respectively. However, the biodegradable film was able to limit the daily temperature fluctuation, which was 1.7 °C in both soils compared with 2.3 °C recorded for LDPE. Fruit yields were higher with MB film than LDPE (+9.5%), irrespective of soil texture. MaterBi® also elicited increases in total soluble solids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity compared with LDPE films: 13.3%, 22.4%, 27.2%, and 24.6%, respectively. Color parameters of flesh, namely brightness, chroma, and hue angle were better in fruits grown on LDPE. Our findings suggest that Mater-Bi® based biodegradable mulching film is a potentially valid alternative to traditional LDPE, particularly for obtaining the agronomical benefits outlined above and for promoting environmental sustainability due to its favourable biodegradable properties

Warming permafrost and active layer variability at Cime Bianche, Western European Alps

The objective of this paper is to provide a first synthesis on the state and recent evolution of permafrost at the monitoring site of Cime Bianche (3100 m a.s.l.) on the Italian side of the Western Alps. The analysis is based on 7 years of ground temperature observations in two boreholes and seven surface points. The analysis aims to quantify the spatial and temporal variability of ground surface temperature in relation to snow cover, the small-scale spatial variability of the active layer thickness and current temperature trends in deep permafrost.Results show that the heterogeneity of snow cover thickness, both in space and time, is the main factor controlling ground surface temperatures and leads to a mean range of spatial variability (2.5 ± 0.1 °C) which far exceeds the mean range of observed inter-annual variability (1.6 ± 0.1 °C). The active layer thickness measured in two boreholes at a distance of 30 m shows a mean difference of 2.0 ± 0.1 m with the active layer of one borehole consistently deeper. As revealed by temperature analysis and geophysical soundings, such a difference is mainly driven by the ice/water content in the sub-surface and not by the snow cover regimes. The analysis of deep temperature time series reveals that permafrost is warming. The detected trends are statistically significant starting from a depth below 8 m with warming rates between 0.1 and 0.01 °C yr⁻¹