A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Remote Sensing through Low-Cost UAVs

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) based on remote sensing has generated low cost monitoring, since the data can be acquired quickly and easily. This paper reports the experience related to agave crop analysis with a low cost UAV. The data were processed by traditional photogrammetric flow and data extraction techniques were applied to extract new layers and separate the agave plants from weeds and other elements of the environment. Our proposal combines elements of photogrammetry, computer vision, data mining, geomatics and computer science. This fusion leads to very interesting results in agave control. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential of UAV monitoring in agave crops and the importance of information processing with reliable data flow.We wish to acknowledge the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) for its financial support to the PhD studies of Gabriela Calvario. We are grateful to Cubo Geoespacial S.A .de C.V. and special to Ing. Jordan Martinez for the stimulus to this work, more information about this Company is available at: http://www.cubogeoespacial.com/. In addition, we are grateful to the support of the Tequila Regulatory Council (CRT), which has allowed us to monitor several crops. This paper has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, contract TIN2015-64395-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE), as well as by the Basque Government, contract IT900-16. This work was also supported in part by CONACYT (Mexico), Grant 258033

A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Remote Sensing through Low-Cost UAVs

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) based on remote sensing has generated low cost monitoring, since the data can be acquired quickly and easily. This paper reports the experience related to agave crop analysis with a low cost UAV. The data were processed by traditional photogrammetric flow and data extraction techniques were applied to extract new layers and separate the agave plants from weeds and other elements of the environment. Our proposal combines elements of photogrammetry, computer vision, data mining, geomatics and computer science. This fusion leads to very interesting results in agave control. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential of UAV monitoring in agave crops and the importance of information processing with reliable data flow.We wish to acknowledge the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) for its financial support to the PhD studies of Gabriela Calvario. We are grateful to Cubo Geoespacial S.A .de C.V. and special to Ing. Jordan Martinez for the stimulus to this work, more information about this Company is available at: http://www.cubogeoespacial.com/. In addition, we are grateful to the support of the Tequila Regulatory Council (CRT), which has allowed us to monitor several crops. This paper has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, contract TIN2015-64395-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE), as well as by the Basque Government, contract IT900-16. This work was also supported in part by CONACYT (Mexico), Grant 258033

IRAKA: The first Colombian soil information system with digital soil mapping products

Los avances en ciencia y tecnología combinados con la necesidad de manejar y administrar los recursos naturales han resultó en un aumento gradual en la disponibilidad de datos del suelo. Esto ha permitido caracterizar, describir o proponer proyectos para abordar cuestiones como la degradación del suelo, la productividad agrícola, las amenazas y los servicios de los ecosistemas. A pesar de la disponibilidad de datos del suelo, los usuarios buscan cada vez más información adicional, oportuna y confiable. para dar respuesta a situaciones actuales y futuras, como la seguridad alimentaria y el cambio climático. IRAKA es un suelo sistema de información para el altiplano cundiboyacense colombiano y el primero en brindar información adicional de fuentes oficiales disponibles. Tiene un diseño modular basado en la organización de una base de datos de suelos cuya estructura incorporó 299 perfiles, 1432 muestras y 55 propiedades y la integración, armonización, y estandarización de 8 estudios de suelos realizados en la zona. La información estructurada permitió modelar y validando las propiedades físicas y químicas a través del mapeo digital del suelo y comparando diferentes máquinas técnicas de aprendizaje, incluyendo bosque aleatorio, guardabosques, máquina de vectores de apoyo y modelos de conjunto de estos Técnicas Las interpolaciones de 11 propiedades cuantitativas y 1 propiedad cualitativa resultaron en aceptables coeficientes de bondad de ajuste debido a diferentes factores: variabilidad de la propiedad, representatividad, distribución en el área de estudio y descripción de la propiedad basada en covariables ambientales. Toda la información generada ha sido disponible para un uso generalizado en diferentes servicios web geográficos. Así, IRAKA contribuye a la gestión de la información y el conocimiento a través de técnicas y herramientas que permiten a los usuarios visualizar nuevos información, utilizar la información y llamar la atención sobre nuevos estudios y mejorar las bases de datos en las que la confianza el nivel es insuficiente y no permite la toma de decisiones

GEANT4 : a simulation toolkit

Abstract Geant4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including tracking, geometry, physics models and hits. The physics processes offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250 eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in different sets of applications. The toolkit is the result of a worldwide collaboration of physicists and software engineers. It has been created exploiting software engineering and object-oriented technology and implemented in the C++ programming language. It has been used in applications in particle physics, nuclear physics, accelerator design, space engineering and medical physics. PACS: 07.05.Tp; 13; 2

Asymmetric Organocatalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvents

The recent advances in asymmetric organocatalysis using eutectic mixtures as a reaction medium are revised in this mini‐review. In addition, the first enantioselective transformations using chiral eutectic solvents, which play the role of a green medium and organocatalyst, are described. In this mini‐review we intend to deepen not only in the synthetic aspects of asymmetric organocatalysis in eutectic mixtures, but also in the fundamental issues that seem to be essential for a successful development of this promising, and at the same time challenging, methodology.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN, PGC2018-096616-B-I00), the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173 and VIGROB-316FI), and the University of Pisa (PRA_2018_36)

Efeito da Gliricidia sepium sobre nutrientes do solo, microclima e produtividade do milho em sistema agroflorestal no Agreste Paraibano.

Gliricidia sepium é uma leguminosa arbórea que tem sido utilizada em sistemas em aléias no semi-árido nordestino por apresentar bom desenvolvimento em condições de estresse hídrico. Entretanto, há pouca informação disponível sobre o efeito da introdução dessa espécie nos agroecossistemas da região. No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da distância de plantas de Gliricidia sepium sobre características da cultura do milho e do solo e microclima no Agreste Paraibano. O estudo foi realizado no município de Esperança (PB), em área de 0,5 ha, onde, em 1996, foram plantadas fileiras de G. sepium espaçadas 6 m entre si e com 1 m entre as árvores. Nesta área, em 2002, foram delimitadas quatro parcelas de 6 x 8 m e, em cada parcela, foi estabelecido um transeto perpendicular às fileiras de árvores com três posições de amostragem: (1) nas fileiras de árvores (0 m); (2) a 1 m das fileiras de árvores, e (3) a 3 m de distância das fileiras de árvores. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A massa seca de folhedo caído embaixo da fileira de árvores foi de 1.390 kg ha-1 e diminuiu, gradativamente, para 270 kg ha-1 a 3 m de distância das árvores. As concentrações de P, K e matéria orgânica leve (MOL) embaixo das árvores foram maiores do que a 1 e 3 m de distância das fileiras. As médias mensais das temperaturas mínimas do ar e do solo embaixo e a 3 m das árvores foram similares. Entretanto, as médias mensais das temperaturas máximas do solo e do ar foram de 6 e 2 °C mais altas a 3 m das árvores, respectivamente, ao longo do período de estudo. A umidade do solo foi significativamente menor embaixo das árvores do que a 1 e 3 m de distância. O milho produziu mais grãos e palha e acumulou mais nutrientes nas posições mais próximas das fileiras de G. sepium

Discrimination of n-3 Rich Oils by Gas Chromatography

Exploring the capabilities of instrumental techniques for discriminating n-3 rich oils derived from animals is a very important though much neglected area that was emphasized more than 100 years ago. In this study the potential of gas chromatography (GC) for discriminating full fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles from fish (cod liver and salmon) and marine mammal (seal and whale) oils is evaluated by means of principal component analysis (PCA). The FAME profiles from plant oils such as rapeseed, linseed and soy oils and seven different brands of n-3 supplements are also used in the discrimination process. The results from the PCA plots can reliably distinguish between plant, n-3 supplements, fish and marine mammal oils. By removing the contribution of the n-3 supplements and plant oils it is possible to discriminate between types of fish and marine animal oils. GC offers a rapid, simple and convenient means of discriminating oils from different species, brands and grades

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum