Direcionamento das linhas de plantio em diferentes orientações cardeais e seus reflexos sobre a produtividade de cafeeiros.

Uma variação ambiental que provoca alterações na morfologia externa da planta de café se refere à localização das fileiras do café em relação a orientações dos pontos cardeais. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a produtividade individual de cada lado de plantas de café implantadas em diferentes orientações cardeais buscando subsídios para otimizar o plantio direcionado e o manejo de lavoura em solo com topografia plana a suave ondulada. Observa-se de maneira geral que, independentemente do direcionamento das ruas de café em relação as orientações cardeais, a produtividade de café, no lado da planta que recebeu sol pela manhã, foi sempre maior que aquela apresentada pelo lado da planta que recebeu sol à tarde. Estas observações levam a concluir que os melhores direcionamentos de rua de café são no sentido leste-oeste e nordeste-sudoeste e que os dois lados da planta, relacionados com o posicionamento solar, comportam-se como se pertencessem a diferentes lavouras, já que os dois lados da planta apresentam diferenças na morfo-anatomia, na partição de carboidratos, na assimilação do CO2 e nas características hídricas a ponto de alterar o crescimento das plantas e sua produção

Insights into malignant mitral valve degenerative disease from a sudden cardiac death cohort highlighting significant measurement differences from normal

Aims Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is an accepted cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in most autopsy series. Diagnosis at autopsy relies upon subjective assessment with no established objective pathological criteria. This study set out to establish objective measurements to help pathologists dealing with SCD. Methods We diagnosed 120 (1.5%) cases of MVP in 8108 cases of SCD. We measured the mitral annulus, anterior and posterior leaflets, rough zone and mitral annular disjunction (MAD) in 27 MVP cases and compared them to 54 age- and sex-matched normal mitral valves. Results Age of death was 39 ± 16 years, with 59 females and 61 males. History of mild MV disease was present in 19 (16%). Eleven (9%) died associated with exertion. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in nine (15%) females and 10 (16%) males. Both MV leaflets showed thickening and ballooning in all individuals. MVP showed highly significantly increased annular circumference, elongation and thickening of both leaflets as well as increased MAD (all P < 0.001). Left ventricular fibrosis was present in 108 (90%), with interstitial fibrosis in the posterolateral wall and papillary muscle in 88 (81%) and coexisting replacement fibrosis in 40 (37%). Conclusion This is the largest MVP associated with SCD series highlighting a young cohort with equal representation of males and females. There is involvement of both leaflets with significant annular dilatation, elongation and thickening of both leaflets with MAD. Left ventricular fibrosis explains arrhythmia. Our quantitative measurements should serve as a reference for pathologists assessing post-mortem hearts for MVP

Toxic Systemic Reaction after Bee Stings in a Bitch

Background: Bee sting poisonings are common in dogs, and toxic systemic presentation may represent a life-threatening condition. Apis mellifera venom is a complex mixture of melitin, apamine, phospholipase, hyaluronidase and degranulating peptides, that causes local injury at the site of inoculation and multiple organ complications, including hemolysis, kidney injury, muscular damage, cardiovascular and respiratory complications. The present work reports a complete and detailed description of a dog’s systemic toxic reaction to bee stings, including history, clinical signs, laboratory findings, emergency care and development, as well as possible association with later immunomediated arthritis. Case: A 6-year-old female German Shepperd suffered multiple bee stings. First care was conducted by a veterinary at the site, where he only received promethazine, meloxicam and dexamethasone. After 24 h and significant progression of symptoms, the animal was forwarded to a specialized veterinary hospital. The patient was evaluated throughout 9 days, and presented intense edema, respiratory distress, tongue necrosis and grade II of acute kidney injury. Extensive laboratory exams were conducted throughout the hospitalization. Main laboratory findings included polycythemia, leukocytosis by neutrophilia and monocytosis, thrombocytopenia and azotemia. Urinalysis evidenced turbid aspect, dark yellow color and intense proteinuria, reinforcing kidney damage. Abdominal ultrasound examination identified blood clots in the bladder, and liver with reduced echogenicity and echotexture, suggesting acute inflammation. Therapy aimed to stabilize the patient, control kidney damage and avoid anaphylaxis. Treatment included intensive care support, promethazine, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, dipyrone, methadone, metronidazole, ampicillin, clindamycin and tramadol. Following successful treatment, the animal presented immunomediated polyarthritis, possibly associated to both the poisoning and later diagnosed hemoparasitosis (both Erlichia and Babesia). Discussion: Massive bee attacks can cause severe complications, however, data regarding emergency care records are scarce. Based on clinical signs and laboratory findings, the patient presented toxic systemic reaction, including grade II of acute kidney injury and significant cardiorespiratory distress. Another important complication was tongue necrosis, that demanded attention and special supportive care, including feeding tube and specific feed. Treatment also focused in reducing edema and control possible anaphylaxis, providing analgesia and antibiotic therapy. Laboratory findings have been previously described, with evidence of immune-mediated reaction. Follow-up consultations revealed normal parameters, and an unusual presentation of claudication. Investigation concluded that polyarthritis could be responsible for such finding and may be a result of the deposition of immunomediated complexes in the joints, due in this case to the bee poisoning and later positive diagnosis for both Erlichia and Babesia. Systemic reactions to bee stings are complex, and full clinical and laboratory profile aid in both the prognosis and treatment options. Special attention must be given to tongue damage and supportive care is essential for maintaining feeding conditions. Arthritis should be considered as possible complication, reinforcing the importance of follow-up consultations. Keywords: bee attack, dog, envenomation, melittin; poisoning, phospholipase A2

Contribuições do Estágio Supervisionado para a Formação da Identidade Profissional do Enfermeiro

Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Foram entrevistados onze estagiários de enfermagem do oitavo e nono períodos e dez preceptores de estágio de duas instituições de ensino superior, utilizando como cenário da pesquisa seus respectivos hospitais de ensino. As entrevistas foram consolidadas à luz da análise dos seus conteúdos. Descreve e analisa as contribuições do Estágio Supervisionado para a formação da identidade profissional do enfermeiro. Por que somos e como nos constituímos enfermeiros foram questões que emergiram ao longo da pesquisa direcionando-nos ao estudo do processo de construção da identidade pelo estagiário de enfermagem. As associações entre o ser enfermeiro idealizadas e a realidade vivida no ambiente de trabalho apontam e ajudam a compreender a construção da identidade do profissional. Na enfermagem a identidade profissional se forma dentro de um ambiente de trabalho coletivo, de relações com parceiros (equipe interdisciplinar, paciente e família) inseridas em situações de trabalho, marcadas por uma divisão hierárquica do trabalho e de percursos de vida, marcados por imprevistos, continuidades e rupturas, êxitos e fracassos. Defronte ao estagiário, o enfermeiro preceptor abre as cortinas do saber e da profissão, mostrando-lhe o cotidiano do ser enfermeiro. Este espaço de trabalho ajuda os estagiários na definição de si mesmo, como pessoa e como profissional, contribuindo para a construção da identidade profissional.Objetivo: Describir y analizar las contribuciones de la Práctica Profesional Supervisada para la formación de la identidad profesional del enfermero. Metodología: se trata de un estudio de investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria. Se ha entrevistado a once practicantes de enfermería del octavo y noveno semestres y diez instructores de práctica profesional de dos instituciones de la enseñanza superior, utilizando como escenario de la investigación sus respectivos hospitales universitarios. Las entrevistas fueron tratadas a la luz del análisis de sus contenidos. Resultados: El ¿por qué somos? y ¿cómo nos hicimos enfermeros?, fueron cuestiones que emergieron a lo largo de la investigación haciendo que volviéramos nuestra mirada hacia el proceso de construcción de la identidad por el practicante de enfermería. Las relaciones entre el ser enfermero, lo que generalmente es idealizado, y la realidad vivida en el ambiente de trabajo apuntan y ayudan a comprender la construcción de la identidad del profesional. Conclusiones: En la enfermería la identidad profesional se construye dentro de un ambiente de trabajo colectivo, de relaciones entre compañeros (equipo interdisciplinario, paciente y familia) insertadas en situaciones de trabajo, señalados por contratiempos, continuidades y rupturas, éxitos y fracasos. Frente al practicante, el instructor abre las puertas del saber mostrándole el cotidiano del ser enfermero. Este espacio de trabajo ayuda a los practicantes en la definición de uno mismo, como persona y como profesional, contribuyendo, por lo tanto, para la construcción de la identidad profesional.Objectives: To describe and analyze the contributions of Supervised Training for the training of professional nursing identity. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive study. Were interviewed eleven nursing trainees from the eighth and ninth periods and ten stage tutors of two institutions of higher education, using as research scenario their respective teaching hospitals. Interviews were consolidated in the light of the analysis of its contents. Results: Why we are and how we are constituted nurses were issues that emerged during the research directing us to study the process of identity construction by nursing intern. Associations between being an idealized nurse and the reality experienced in the workplace point and help to understand the construction of the identity of the professional. Conclusions: In nursing professional identity is formed within a collective work environment, relationships with partners (interdisciplinary team, patient and family) inserted in work situations, marked by a hierarchical division of labor and life paths, marked by unforeseen, continuities and ruptures, successes and failures. In front of the trainee, the preceptor nurse opens the curtains of knowledge and profession, showing the daily life of nurses. This workspace helps the trainees to define yourself as a person and as a professional, contributing to the construction of professional identity

Charge transfer complex formation between organic interlayers drives light-soaking in large area perovskite solar cells

Light soaking (LS) is a well-known but poorly understood phenomenon in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) which significantly affects device efficiency and stability. LS is greatly reduced in large-area inverted PSCs when a PC61BM electron transport layer (ETL) is replaced with C60, where the ETL is commonly in contact with a thin bathocuproine (BCP) interlayer. Herein, we identify the key molecular origins of this LS effect using a combination of surface photovoltage, ambient photoemission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, integrated with density functional theory simulations. We find that BCP forms a photoinduced charge-transfer (CT) complex with both C60 and PC61BM. The C60/BCP complex accelerates C60 dimer formation, leading to a favourable cascading energetic landscape for electron extraction and reduced recombination loss. In contrast, the PC61BM/BCP complex suppresses PC61BM dimer formation, meaning that PC61BM dimerisation is not the cause of LS. Instead, it is the slow light-induced formation of the PC61BM/BCP CT complex itself, and the new energetic transport levels associated with it, which cause the much slower and stronger LS effect of PC61BM based PSCs. These findings provide key understanding of photoinduced ETL/BCP interactions and their impact on the LS effect in PSCs

The bovine foot skin microbiota is associated with host genotype and the development of infectious digital dermatitis lesions

Abstract Background Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) is a prevalent infectious disease, causing painful foot skin lesions and lameness in cattle. We describe herein the bovine foot skin microbiota and its associations with BDD using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing on samples from 259 dairy cows from three UK dairy farms. Results We show evidence of dysbiosis, and differences in taxonomy and functional profiles in the bovine foot skin microbiome of clinically healthy animals that subsequently develop BDD lesions, compared to those that do not. Our results suggest that taxonomical and functional differences together with alterations in ecological interactions between bacteria in the normal foot skin microbiome may predispose an animal to develop BDD lesions. Using genome-wide association and regional heritability mapping approaches, we provide first evidence for interactions between host genotype and certain members of the foot skin microbiota. We show the existence of significant genetic variation in the relative abundance of Treponema spp. and Peptoclostridium spp. and identify regions in the bovine genome that explain a significant proportion of this variation. Conclusions Collectively this work shows early changes in taxonomic and functional profiles of the bovine foot-skin microbiota in clinically healthy animals which are associated with subsequent development of BDD and could be relevant to prevention of disease. The description of host genetic control of members of the foot skin microbiota, combined with the association of the latter with BDD development offer new insights into a complex relationship that can be exploited in selective breeding programmes. </jats:sec