Optimisation of Magnetic Circuit for Brushless Doubly Fed Machines

This paper presents an optimized design method for the magnetic circuit of brushless doubly fed machines (BDFMs). The BDFM is an attractive electrical machine, particularly for wind power applications, as a replacement for doubly fed slip-ring generators. This study shows that the conventional design methods for the BDFM stator and rotor back iron can be modified, leading to a lighter and smaller machine. The proposed design concepts are supported by analytical methods, and their practicality is verified using two-dimensional finite-element modeling and analysis. Two BDFMs with frame sizes D180 and D400 are considered in this study

Equivalent Circuit Parameters for Large Brushless Doubly Fed Machines (BDFM)

This paper presents analytical methods to calculate the equivalent circuit parameters for large-scale brushless doubly fed machines (BDFMs) with magnetic wedges utilized for closing stator open slots. The use of magnetic wedges reduces the magnetizing currents in the machine, reflected in the values of magnetizing inductances, but also increases leakage fluxes affecting the value of series inductances in the equivalent circuit. Though such effects can be modeled by numerical models, the proposed analytical methods are particularly helpful in optimizing machine design, inverter rating, reactive power management, and grid low-voltage ride-through performance. The conventional analytical methods cannot be readily applied to the BDFM due to its complex magnetic field distribution; this paper presents analytical methods to calculate the magnetizing and leakage inductances for the BDFM with magnetic wedges used in the stator slots. The proposed methods are assessed by experimentally verified finite-element models for a 250 kW BDFM

Investigation of magnetic wedge effects in large-scale BDFMs

This paper studies the effects of magnetic wedges on the equivalent circuit parameters of the Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM). Magnetic wedges are used in slot openings of large electrical machines to reduce magnetizing currents, but the study of their effects on the BDFM performance is not straightforward due to the complex magnetic fields in the BDFM. Equivalent circuit and FE models have been developed for a 250 kW BDFM taking into account the effects of wedges and verified experimentally

Rotor parameter determination for the brushless doubly fed (induction) machine

A procedure has been established for obtaining equivalent circuit parameters for the Brushless Doubly Fed Machine (BDFM), also known as the Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM), by transforming a reduced coupled-circuit model into a sequence component form. This approach takes advantage of the model reduction procedure’s ability to reduce a complex rotor structure to a single equivalent loop without significant loss of accuracy. An alternative method based on winding factors has also been developed and includes coupling via harmonic fields. Parameters determined in both ways are in close agreement with those determined from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimentally. The advantages of each method is discussed in the conclusion section.This work was supported by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme managed by REA – Research Executive Agency (FP7/2007_2013) under Grant Agreement N.315485.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE via http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2015.002

Control of a supernumerary robotic hand by foot: an experimental study in virtual reality.

In the operational theater, the surgical team could highly benefit from a robotic supplementary hand under the surgeon's full control. The surgeon may so become more autonomous; this may reduce communication errors with the assistants and take over difficult tasks such as holding tools without tremor. In this paper, we therefore examine the possibility to control a third robotic hand with one foot's movements. Three experiments in virtual reality were designed to assess the feasibility of this control strategy, the learning curve of the subjects in different tasks and the coordination of foot movements with the two natural hands. Results show that the limbs are moved simultaneously, in parallel rather than serially. Participants' performance improved within a few minutes of practice without any specific difficulty to complete the tasks. Subjective assessment by the subjects indicated that controlling a third hand by foot has been easy and required only negligible physical and mental efforts. The sense of ownership was reported to improve through the experiments. The mental burden was not directly related to the level of motion required by a task, but depended on the type of activity and practice. The most difficult task was moving two hands and foot in opposite directions. These results suggest that a combination of practice and appropriate tasks can enhance the learning process for controlling a robotic hand by foot

Decision making in forest road planning considering both skidding and road costs: a case study in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran

Part of the Forest Management Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Forest Management at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Forest Management Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contac

Decision Making in Forest Road Planning Considering Both Skidding and Road Costs: a Case Study in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran

Hyrcanian forest is the only forest designated for commercial timber production in Iran. Ground-based skidding is the most common extraction system used in the forest, though large parts of the forest are still inaccessible due to the low road density (1-2 m ha-1). To facilitate timber harvesting in the forest, it has been proposed to increase the road density up to 20 m ha-1. The aim of this study was to incorporate the estimated skidding costs through a time study into an existing transportation planning tool, NETWORK 2000, to help decision making on forest road building. We applied this method to the Gorazbon district in the Hyrcanian forest, where 244 links were built for the analysis. The best solution found by NETWORK 2000 indicates that all the proposed roads should be built to minimize the total skidding and road building cost

The Plight of the Oromo Refugees in the Horn of Africa

The History of the Oromo people of Ethiopia is one of colonization, subjugation and decimation. In fact, the first refugees on record in the Horn were Oromos who left their homeland during the early period of Ethiopian occupation. Annexation by Ethiopia meant the loss of their main source of livelihood, the land, and the denial of the most basic human and national rights. The situation prompted frequent armed uprisings, which have become more organized in recent years. Confilict, political persecution, and the inept and destructive policies of the Ethiopian government have now displaced hundreds of thousands of Oromos. These people live either in the safe area within the Oromos' region, occupied by the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), or in the neighbouring states of Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, the Sudan and beyond

A New Calcareous Nannofossil Record from the Lower Jurassic of Kermanshah, Western Iran: Implications for Biostratigraphy and Evolutionary Reconstructions

Calcareous nannofossils are used here for the first time in order to establish a precise biostratigraphic framework for the Kermanshah Radiolarite Formation, an outcropping in Western Iran. The new data presented here challenge the previous tentative age interpretations (Pliensbachian to early Toarcian) based upon radiolarians. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages and events unequivocally indicated that the pelagic limestones and marls are late Sinemurian in age (NJT 3b nannofossil subzone), and that these are thrusted over shales and cherts dated as uppermost Sinemurian (NJT 3b-c nannofossil subzone) and lowermost Pliensbachian (NJT 4 nannofossil zone). This result leads not only to reconsideration of the age of the radiolarite formations, which are widespread in the Zagros orogenic system, but also a better understanding of the stratigraphic relationships between the various lithological units known in the area. Besides these new stratigraphic inferences, the calcareous nannofossil assemblages of the uppermost Sinemurian– lowermost Pliensbachian successions revealed the common presence of new morphologies of the Mitrolithus genus, never described before. These findings allow for the description of three new species, M. montgolfieri, M. pseudonannoconus, and M. tethysiensis, and reveal the existence of homeomorphy between the spine structure of conical Lower Jurassic coccoliths and the widespread Cretaceous nannoconids. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

ANALISIS PERBEDAAN PERSEPSI KONSUMEN TERHADAP MEREK APLIKASI PESAN INSTAN WHATSAPP DAN LINE BERDASARKAN CITRA MEREK, FITUR, DESAIN DAN KELOMPOK ACUAN

This study aimed to analyze to find out if there is a difference in the perception of costumer from instant messaging application WHATSAPP and LINE. From this analysis can be known whether there is a difference by age have different perceptions or have same perception of application instant messaging WHATSAPP and LINE, also aims to analyze most dominant variable against consumerperception and most distinguishes variable between WHATSAPP and LINE. The population taken in this research are consumers who ever use instan messaging WHATSAPP and LINE. Samples used in this research some 400 respondents used by non-probability sampling technique with approach quota sampling ( the sample based on predetermined amount). A method of analysisis used is quantitative ananlysis that is using Mann-Whitney U. The variable brand image is a factor that most distinguishes between instant mesagging aplication WHATSAPP and LINE with Z-value -2,857 then followed by feature of -2,221, design of -2,118 and reference group of -1,084. Hypothesis testing is done using Z test showed that consumers perception of the difference from instant messaging application WHATSAPP and LINE occurred against the variable viewed from brand image , feature and design. But consumer perception of differences did not happen to the variable viewed from reference goup variable. While the most dominant perception based on WHATSAPP respondent are Reference Group while LINE respondents are brand image.Costumer age above 25 years old have more preferable perception on WHATSAPP compared to who is aged 17-25 years old. Costumer aged 17-25 years old have more prefereable perception on LINE compared to who is aged above 25 years old