'Joost Halbertsma's veldwerk voor het Lexicon Frisicum (1872)'

Joost Halbertsma (1789-1869) compiled the first dictionary that contained Modern West Frisian. Due to the lack of a lexicographic and literary tradition, Halbertsma had to do extensive field work to gather material for his dictionary. From his own notes and publications on the nature of field work it appears that his ideas and methods were quite modern. One of his discussions of the problems of field work may be regarded as a foreshadowing of Labov’s well-known observer’s paradox.

Structural Evidence for the Tetrameric Assembly of Chemokine CCL11 and the Glycosaminoglycan Arixtra™.

Understanding chemokine interactions with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) is critical as these interactions have been linked to a number of inflammatory medical conditions, such as arthritis and asthma. To better characterize in vivo protein function, comprehensive knowledge of multimeric species, formed by chemokines under native conditions, is necessary. Herein is the first report of a tetrameric assembly of the human chemokine CCL11, which was shown bound to the GAG Arixtra™. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicated that CCL11 interacts with Arixtra, and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) was used to identify ions corresponding to the CCL11 tetrameric species bound to Arixtra. Collisional cross sections (CCS) of the CCL11 tetramer-Arixtra noncovalent complex were compared to theoretical CCS values calculated using a preliminary structure of the complex deduced using X-ray crystallography. Experimental CCS values were in agreement with theoretical values, strengthening the IM-MS evidence for the formation of the noncovalent complex. Tandem mass spectrometry data of the complex indicated that the tetramer-GAG complex dissociates into a monomer and a trimer-GAG species, suggesting that two CC-like dimers are bridged by Arixtra. As development of chemokine inhibitors is of utmost importance to treatment of medical inflammatory conditions, these results provide vital insights into chemokine-GAG interactions

Stagecraft as Statecraft in Hamlet and Measure for Measure

While the Prince and Duke disapprove of the deceptions veiling the true natures and intentions of the members of their royal courts, they each engage in morally dubious and hypocritical acts of deception in their attempts to clandestinely study and remedy the “seeming” corruption in their kingdoms. Although both Duke Vincentio and Prince Hamlet employ policies of hypocrisy to collect evidence and plot against the scheming members of their courts in the pursuit of justice, Vincentio proves to be more adept at deception and drama-making than Hamlet since he reveals and remedies the corruption in his kingdom without unjustly sacrificing anyone’s mind, body or reputation, whereas Hamlet’s practice of stagecraft puts him out of favor with the King and his impulsiveness results in tragedy

Exploitation, Rape, Bondage—Blake’s Revolutionary Reaction

In order to understand Blake’s purpose for writing, the reader must firstly understand the environment in which he composed his works. Without an interpretive framework, the reader cannot grasp what Blake implies with his selection of detail. By establishing a contextual lens through which to analyze and interpret Blake’s works, one can accordingly evaluate his works. By addressing societal values and ordinances as hypocritical, corrupt, and unnaturally restrictive, Blake suggests institutions promote moral deviance and perpetuate social problems

Contribution of LANDSAT-4 thematic mapper data to geologic exploration

The increased number of carefully selected narrow spectral bands and the increased spatial resolution of thematic mapper data over previously available satellite data contribute greatly to geologic exploration, both by providing spectral information that permits lithologic differentiation and recognition of alteration and spatial information that reveals structure. As vegetation and soil cover increase, the value of spectral components of TM data decreases relative to the value of the spatial component of the data. However, even in vegetated areas, the greater spectral breadth and discrimination of TM data permits improved recognition and mapping of spatial elements of the terrain. As our understanding of the spectral manifestations of the responses of soils and vegetation to unusual chemical environments increases, the value of spectral components of TM data to exploration will greatly improve in covered areas

Geologic exploration: The contribution of LANDSAT-4 thematic mapper data

The major advantages of the TM data over that of MSS systems are increased spatial resolution and a greater number of narrow, strategically placed spectral bands. The 30 meter pixel size permits finer definition of ground features and improves reliability of the photointerpretation of geologic structure. The value of the spatial data increases relative to the value of the spectral data as soil and vegetation cover increase. In arid areas with good exposure, it is possible with careful digital processing and some inventive color compositing to produce enough spectral differentiation of rock types and thereby produce facsimiles of standard geologic maps with a minimum of field work or reference to existing maps. Hue-saturation value images are compared with geological maps of Death Valley, California, the Big Horn/Wind River Basin of Wyoming, the area around Cement, Oklahoma, and Detroit. False color composites of the Ontario region are also examined

Three-body analytical potential for interacting helium atoms

Large basis set ab initio calculations have been carried out for a dense grid of points on the He, potential energy surface. Three-body contributions were extracted at every point, and a number of concise functional representations for the three-body potential surface were then examined. Three-body multipolar dispersion terms and other radial and angular terms were used in the representations, and an assessment of relative importance of the different terms is presented. Combined with a two-body He-He potential, the results of this work should offer a high quality interaction potential for simulations of aggregated helium

Pairwise and many-body contributions to interaction potentials in He(n) clusters

High level ab initio calculations have been carried out to assess the pairwise additivity of potentials in the attractive or well regions of the potential surfaces of clusters of helium atoms. A large basis set was employed and calculations were done at the Brueckner orbital coupled cluster level. Differences between calculated potentials for several interacting atoms and the corresponding summed pair potentials reveal the three‐body and certain higher order contributions to the interaction strengths. Attraction between rare gas atoms develops from dispersion, and so helium clusters provide the most workable systems for analyzing nonadditivity of dispersion. The results indicate that the many‐body or nonpairwise contributions tend to be less than a few percent of the attractive interaction across regions around the minima of the potential energy surfaces of small clusters. Dipole–dipole–dipole dispersion and dipole–dipole–quadrupole dispersion are noticeable parts of the small three‐body terms

Residential care and care to community-dwelling parents: out-selection, in-selection and diffusion of responsibility

Research suggests that adult children are less likely to provide care to community-dwelling parents when beds in residential care settings are more widely available. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Drawing on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) on 1,214 impaired parent–child dyads from 12 countries, we find that adult children are less likely to provide care in countries where beds in residential care settings are more widely available because (a) parents’ care needs are less severe in such countries (out-selection hypothesis) and (b) adult children and impaired parents are less likely to share a household in such countries (in-selection hypothesis). Finally (c), after taking these two factors into account, adult children remain less likely to provide care in countries where beds in residential care settings are more widely available (diffusion of responsibility hypothesis). Plausibly, being able to rely on residential care undermines adult children's sense of urgency to step in and provide care to their parents

Chinese parent-child relationships in later life in the context of social inequalities

This paper examines how parent-child relationships vary against the backdrop of socio-economic inequalities evident in China. China is both an increasingly unequal and rapidly ageing country. Understanding how the relationships that older Chinese have with their children are associated with social inequalities is therefore of paramount importance. We do this by examining the effect of socio-economic indicators of the parent and child on their relationship in a multilevel, multinomial logit model of parentchild dyads using data from the Chinese Family Panel Study. First, the relationships we observe are not unidimensional and display complex patterns which deviate heavily from a ‘strong versus weak’ description of family ties. The results do not support a family displacement perspective of parent-child relationships but instead suggest that educational and financial resources facilitate support that is associated with greater emotional closeness and negates the need for support which places an emotional strain on the parent-child relationship.In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, wie die Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen vor dem Hintergrund sozialökonomischer Ungleichheiten, die in China evident sind, variieren. China ist gleichermaßen ein zunehmend von Ungleichheiten geprägtes wie ein rasch alterndes Land. Es ist daher von überragender Bedeutung zu verstehen, inwieweit die Beziehungen älterer Chinesen zu ihren Kindern mit sozioökonomischen Ungleichheiten assoziiert sind. Wir widmen uns dieser Frage, indem wir den Effekt sozialökonomischer Indikatoren für Eltern und Kinder auf deren Beziehung in einem multinominalen logistischen Mehrebenenmodell unter Verwendung von Daten der Chinese Family Panel Study für Eltern-Kind-Dyaden untersuchen. Die von uns beobachteten Beziehungen sind jedoch nicht eindimensional, sondern weisen komplexe Muster auf, die stark von einer "stark versus schwach"-Beschreibung der Familienbeziehungen abweichen. Die Ergebnisse stützen die Perspektive der Ablösung von der Familie in den Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen nicht, sondern legen stattdessen nahe, dass vorhandene Bildungs- und finanzielle Ressourcen eine Unterstützung erleichtern, die mit größerer emotionaler Nähe assoziiert ist und die Notwendigkeit solcher Unterstützung negieren, die der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung eine emotionalen Belastung auferlegen