Hidrogenionic potential (pH) of the attractant, trap density and control threshold for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: tephritidae) on Hamlin oranges in São Paulo central region, Brazil

This study evaluated the effect of initial pH values of 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 of the attractant (protein bait) Milhocina® and borax (sodium borate) in the feld, on the capture of fruit flies in McPhail traps, using 1, 2, 4 and 8 traps per hectare, in order to estimate control thresholds in a Hamlin orange grove in the central region of the state of São Paulo. The most abundant fruit fly species was Ceratitis capitata, comprising almost 99% of the fruit flies captured, of which 80% were females. The largest captures of C. capitata were found in traps baited with Milhocina® and borax at pH 8.5. Captures per trap for the four densities were similar, indicating that the population can be estimated with one trap per hectare in areas with high populations. It was found positive relationships between captures of C. capitata and the number of Hamlin oranges damaged, 2 and 3 weeks after capture. It was obtained equations that correlate captures and damage levels which can be used to estimate control thresholds. The average loss caused in Hamlin orange fruits by C. capitata was 2.5 tons per hectare or 7.5% of production.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: avaliar o efeito do pH inicial, 4.5; 6.5 e 8.5, do atrativo proteico Milhocina® e bórax (tetraborato de sódio) na captura de moscas-das-frutas em armadilhas McPhail; estudar densidades de armadilhas, 1; 2; 4 e 8 por hectare, para estimar níveis de controle em laranja cv. Hamlin, na região central de São Paulo. A espécie predominante, com 99% das moscas-das-frutas capturadas, foi Ceratitis capitata, sendo 80% de fêmeas. As maiores capturas de C. capitata ocorreram nas armadilhas com Milhocina® e bórax em pH 8.5. As capturas, nas 4 densidades, foram semelhantes, indicando que a população pode ser estimada com uma armadilha por hectare em áreas de altas populações. Houve relações positivas entre capturas de C. capitata e o número de frutos danificados, 2 e 3 semanas após a captura. Assim, foram obtidas equações que relacionam a captura e o dano, possibilitando estimar níveis de controle desse inseto. As perdas médias causadas por C. capitata em laranja cv. Hamlin chegaram a 2,5 toneladas de frutos por hectare ou 7,5% da produção.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Host plant range of a fruit fly community (Diptera: Tephritidae): Does fruit composition influence larval performance?

Background: Phytophagous insects differ in their degree of specialisation on host plants, and range from strictly monophagous species that can develop on only one host plant to extremely polyphagous species that can develop on hundreds of plant species in many families. Nutritional compounds in host fruits affect several larval traits that may be related to adult fitness. In this study, we determined the relationship between fruit nutrient composition and the degree of host specialisation of seven of the eight tephritid species present in La Réunion; these species are known to have very different host ranges in natura. In the laboratory, larval survival, larval developmental time, and pupal weight were assessed on 22 fruit species occurring in La Réunion. In addition, data on fruit nutritional composition were obtained from existing databases. Results: For each tephritid, the three larval traits were significantly affected by fruit species and the effects of fruits on larval traits differed among tephritids. As expected, the polyphagous species Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis catoirii, C. rosa, and C. capitata were able to survive on a larger range of fruits than the oligophagous species Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Dacus demmerezi, and Neoceratitis cyanescens. Pupal weight was positively correlated with larval survival and was negatively correlated with developmental time for polyphagous species. Canonical correspondence analysis of the relationship between fruit nutrient composition and tephritid survival showed that polyphagous species survived better than oligophagous ones in fruits containing higher concentrations of carbohydrate, fibre, and lipid. Conclusion: Nutrient composition of host fruit at least partly explains the suitability of host fruits for larvae. Completed with female preferences experiments these results will increase our understanding of factors affecting tephritid host range. (Résumé d'auteur

Should I Stay or Should I Go? A Habitat-Dependent Dispersal Kernel Improves Prediction of Movement

The analysis of animal movement within different landscapes may increase our understanding of how landscape features affect the perceptual range of animals. Perceptual range is linked to movement probability of an animal via a dispersal kernel, the latter being generally considered as spatially invariant but could be spatially affected. We hypothesize that spatial plasticity of an animal's dispersal kernel could greatly modify its distribution in time and space. After radio tracking the movements of walking insects (Cosmopolites sordidus) in banana plantations, we considered the movements of individuals as states of a Markov chain whose transition probabilities depended on the habitat characteristics of current and target locations. Combining a likelihood procedure and pattern-oriented modelling, we tested the hypothesis that dispersal kernel depended on habitat features. Our results were consistent with the concept that animal dispersal kernel depends on habitat features. Recognizing the plasticity of animal movement probabilities will provide insight into landscape-level ecological processes

Efficacy and Safety of Lacosamide in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of lacosamide compared with placebo in painful diabetic polyneuropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Diabetic patients with at least moderate neuropathic pain were randomized to placebo or lacosamide 400 (in a slow or standard titration) or 600 mg/day over 6-week titration and 12-week maintenance periods. Primary efficacy criterion was intra-individual change in average daily Numeric Pain Rating Scale score from baseline to the last 4 weeks. RESULTS: For the primary end point, pain reduction was numerically but not statistically greater with lacosamide compared with placebo (400 mg/day, P = 0.12; 600 mg/day, P = 0.18). Both doses were significantly more effective compared with placebo over the titration (P = 0.03, P = 0.006), maintenance (P = 0.01, P = 0.005), and entire treatment periods (P = 0.03, P = 0.02). Safety profiles between titration schemes were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Lacosamide reduced neuropathic pain and was well tolerated in diabetic patients, but the primary efficacy criterion was not met, possibly due to an increased placebo response over the last 4 weeks.status: publishe

The time course of auditory and language-specific mechanisms in compensation for sibilant assimilation

Models of spoken-word recognition differ on whether compensation for assimilation is language-specific or depends on general auditory processing. English and French participants were taught words that began or ended with the sibilants /s/ and /∫/. Both languages exhibit some assimilation in sibilant sequences (e.g., /s/ becomes like [∫] in dress shop and classe chargée), but they differ in the strength and predominance of anticipatory versus carryover assimilation. After training, participants were presented with novel words embedded in sentences, some of which contained an assimilatory context either preceding or following. A continuum of target sounds ranging from [s] to [∫] was spliced into the novel words, representing a range of possible assimilation strengths. Listeners' perceptions were examined using a visual-world eyetracking paradigm in which the listener clicked on pictures matching the novel words. We found two distinct language-general context effects: a contrastive effect when the assimilating context preceded the target, and flattening of the sibilant categorization function (increased ambiguity) when the assimilating context followed. Furthermore, we found that English but not French listeners were able to resolve the ambiguity created by the following assimilatory context, consistent with their greater experience with assimilation in this context. The combination of these mechanisms allows listeners to deal flexibly with variability in speech forms

La crisis del coronavirus y el derecho argentino

Ante una pandemia, todos somos perdedores y el gran desafió es construir la sociedad del futuro y eso depende de cada uno de nosotros. Este pequeño libro es un avance, una colaboración abierta, como otros que se elaboran, del sinnúmero de discusiones que sobrevendrán en el futuro para dirimir el nuevo orden de prelación de los intereses del ser humano a satisfacer.Reflexiones preliminares / Pascual E. Alferillo – La urgencia en el marco de las emergencias / Alejandro Pérez Hualde – El poder de policía del Estado en la crisis sanitaria global / Pascual E. Alferillo – Aproximaciones a las cuestiones de responsabilidad por contagio en la época del COVID-19 / Lidia M. Rosa Garrido Cordobera – Pandemia y tareas de cuidado. Una oportunidad a la perspectiva de género / Mariel F. Molina de Juan – Algunas reflexiones provisorias sobre el COVID- 19 y su impacto en las relaciones jurídicas / Rodrigo Padilla – El impacto de la emergencia por pandemia en las relaciones de consumo / José H. Sahián – Contagio culposo de Coronavirus y función resarcitoria de la responsabilidad civil. Consideraciones acerca de la dificultad probatoria / Julián Emil Jalil – Pandemia COVID-19: trascendencia de los deberes secundarios de conducta / Myriam I. Costilla Duyck – La teoría de la imprevisión frente a la crisis sanitaria global: en camino a las soluciones de equidad basadas en el esfuerzo compartido / Pascual E. Alferillo – Coronavirus (COVID- 19): cuestiones penales y procesales / Pablo Guido Peñasco – El Derecho Internacional en tiempos de pandemia / Enzo Finocchiaro – Algunas reflexiones desde el derecho internacional y el abordaje de grupos vulnerables en contextos de COVID 19 / Christian G. Sommer – El mundo suspendido. Un enfoque psicológico y social sobre la crisis 2020. Pandemia por COVID- 19 / Irene Talarico Pinto – El derecho ambiental frente al Coronavirus. ¿El derecho ambiental subestimado y desestimado? / Dino Luis Bellorio Clabot –Pascual E. Alferillo. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Pérez Hualde, Alejandro. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Garrido Cordobera, Lidia M. Rosa. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Molina de Juan, Mariel F. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Padilla, Rodrigo. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Sahián, José H. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Jalil, Julián Emil. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Costilla Duyck, Myriam I. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Peñasco, Pablo Guido. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Finocchiaro, Enzo. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Sommer, Christian G. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Talarico Pinto, Irene. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina.Bellorio Clabot, Dino Luis. Academia Nacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de Córdoba; Argentina