Mars EXpress: status and recent findings

Mars Express has entered its second decade in orbit in excellent health. The mission extension in 2015-2016 aims at augmenting of the surface coverage by imaging and spectral imaging instruments, continuing monitoring of the climate parameters and their variability, study of the upper atmosphere and its interaction with the solar wind in collaboration with NASA's MAVEN mission. Characterization of geological processes and landforms on Mars on a local-to-regional scale by HRSC camera constrained the martian geological activity in space and time and suggested its episodicity. Six years of spectro-imaging observations by OMEGA allowed correction of the surface albedo for presence of the atmospheric dust and revealed changes associated with the dust storm seasons. Imaging and spectral imaging of the surface shed light on past and present aqueous activity and contributed to the selection of the Mars-2018 landing sites. More than a decade long record of climatological parameters such as temperature, dust loading, water vapor, and ozone abundance was established by SPICAM and PFS spectrometers. Observed variations of HDO/H2O ratio above the subliming North polar cap suggested seasonal fractionation. The distribution of aurora was found to be related to the crustal magnetic field. ASPERA observations of ion escape covering a complete solar cycle revealed important dependences of the atmospheric erosion rate on parameters of the solar wind and EUV flux. Structure of the ionosphere sounded by MARSIS radar and MaRS radio science experiment was found to be significantly affected by the solar activity, crustal magnetic field as well as by influx of meteorite and cometary dust. The new atlas of Phobos based on the HRSC imaging was issued. The talk will give the mission status and review recent science highlights

Towards More Case Study Research in Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship as an emerging discipline has made good strides, but according to some, has fallen short of bringing its theory and literature up to the standards of others in the management sciences. Rich with the descriptive detail needed for insightful theory building in entrepreneurship, scholars have called for more case study research, particularly those incorporating non-retrospective and longitudinal observations. At the same time however, it has become rare to find such research published in A-level journals dedicated to entrepreneurship. A survey presented here of major entrepreneurship journals over the past six years revealed a publication rate of only 3% using the case study method. This presents a major impediment for developing fresh research in this field based upon the study of real cases. The author explores how the case study method has been applied to entrepreneurship research and provides recommendations for improved publication rates

In the heat of the moment: PAUSE - Patient Advice Used for psychiatric intensive care Safety and de-Escalation

Background Prevention of coercion in mental health care is a major, international challenge for mental health professionals. The Dutch government aims to diminish seclusion of psychiatric inpatients by 2018. Since the main reason for seclusion is violent behaviour, there is a need for understanding aggressive behaviour

MARS EXPRESS: Mission Status, Recent Findings and future Plans

International audienceMars Express has entered its second decade in orbit in excellent health. Characterization of geological processes and landforms on Mars on a local-to- regional scale by HRSC camera constrained the mar- tian geological activity in space and time and sug- gested its episodicity. Six years of spectro-imaging observations by OMEGA allowed correction of the surface albedo for presence of the atmospheric dust and revealed changes associated with the dust storm seasons. Imaging and spectral imaging of the surface shed light on past and present aqueous activity and contributed to the selection of the Mars-2018 landing sites. More than a decade long record of climatologi- cal parameters such as temperature, dust loading, water vapor, and ozone abundance was established by SPICAM and PFS spectrometers. Observed varia- tions of HDO/H2O ratio above the subliming North polar cap suggested seasonal fractionation. The ASPERA observations of ion escape covering a complete solar cycle revealed important dependences of the atmospheric erosion rate on parameters of the solar wind and EUV flux. Structure of the ionosphere sounded by MARSIS radar and MaRS radio science experiment was found to be significantly affected by the solar activity, crustal magnetic field as well as by influx of meteorite and cometary dust. The new atlas of Phobos based on the HRSC imaging was issued.Mars Express remains one of ESA’s most scientifi- cally productive missions and has fully accomplished its objectives set for 2015-2016. The mission pro- vides unique capabilities amongst the flotilla of spacecraft investigating Mars. The science case for the mission extension till the end of 2020 has just been submitted. The science objectives for 2017- 2018 are confirmed and fully achievable. The obser- vation programme proposed for 2019-2020 includes both augmenting the coverage and extending long- time series, as well as new elements and potentially new discoveries. It will be boosted by collaboration and synergies with NASA’s MAVEN, ESA- Roscosmos ExoMars-2016 Trace Gas Orbiter and other missions. The talk will give the mission status, review the recent science highlights, and outline fu- ture plans

Mars Express science highlights and future plans

International audienceMars Express remains one of ESA's most scientifically productive missions whose publication record now exceeds 1050 papers. Characterization of the geological processes on a local-to-regional scale by HRSC, OMEGA and partner experiments on NASA spacecraft has allowed constraining land-forming processes in space and time. Recent results suggest episodic geological activity as well as the presence of large bodies of liquid water in several provinces (e.g. Eridania Planum, Terra Chimeria) in the early and middle Amazonian epoch and formation of vast sedimentary plains north of the Hellas basin. New analysis of the subsurface dielectric properties by MARSIS radar sounder indicated that the deposits in Meridiani Planum, previously interpreted as ice-rich, may contain little or no ice at all. Mars Express provided essential contribution to the selection of the Mars-2020 landing sites. More than a decade-long record of the atmospheric parameters such as temperature, dust loading, water vapor and ozone abundance, water ice and CO2 clouds distribution, collected by SPICAM, PFS and OMEGA spectrometers as well as subsequent modeling have provided key contributions to our understanding of the martian climate. More than 10,000 crossings of the bow shock by Mars Express allowed ASPERA-3 to characterize complex behavior of the magnetic boundary topology as function of the solar EUV flux. ASPERA-3 observations of the ion escape during complete solar cycle revealed important dependencies of the atmospheric erosion rate on parameters of the solar wind and EUV flux and established global energy balance between the solar wind and escaping ion flow. This led to important conclusion that the ion escape at Mars is production rather than energy limited. The structure of the ionosphere sounded by the MARSIS radar and the MaRS radio science experiment was found to be significantly affected by the solar activity, the crustal magnetic field, as well as by the influx of meteorite and cometary dust. MARSIS and ASPERA-3 observations suggest that the sunlit ionosphere over the regions with strong crustal fields is denser and extends to higher altitudes as compared to the regions with no crustal anomalies. Reconnection of solar magnetic field lines carried by the solar wind with field lines of crustal origin opens channels through which the ionospheric plasma escapes to space, producing strong and narrow cavities in the density. Mars Express has successfully passed the solar eclipse season in 2017 and completed the observation programme. The mission extension till the end of 2020 was approved. The extension plan includes both augmenting the coverage and extending long-time series, as well as new elements and potentially new opportunities for discoveries. It will be boosted by collaboration and synergies with NASA's MAVEN, ESA-Roscosmos Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) and other missions. In 2018 the mission will be a subject for the bi-annual extension review and will elaborate the science case for new extension till the end of 2022. The talk will give the Mars Express status, review the recent science highlights, and outline future plans focusing on synergistic science with TGO

Mars Express science highlights and future plans

International audienc

Mars Express science highlights and future plans

International audienceAfter 18 years in orbit Mars Express remains one of ESA's most scientifically productive Solar System missions, with a publication record now exceeding 1450 papers. Characterization of the surface geology on a local-to-regional scale by HRSC, OMEGA and partner experiments on NASA spacecraft has allowed constraining land-forming processes in space and time. Recent studies characterized the geology of Jezero crater in great detail and provided Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of several equatorial regions at 50 m/px resolution. New maps and catalogues of surface minerals with 200 m/px resolution were released. MARSIS radar published new observations and analysis of the multiple subglacial water bodies underneath the Southern polar cap. Modelling suggested that the "ponds" can be composed of hypersaline perchlorate brines. Spectrometers and imagers SPICAM, PFS, OMEGA, HRSC and VMC continue adding to the longest record of atmospheric parameters such as temperature, dust loading, water vapor and ozone abundance, water ice and CO2 clouds distribution and observing transient phenomena. More than 27,000 ozone profiles derived from SPICAM UV spectra obtained in MY#26 through MY#28 were assimilated in the OpenMARS database. A new PFS "scan" mode of the spacecraft was designed and implemented to investigate diurnal variations of the atmospheric parameters. Observations of Tharsis region and Hellas basin contribute to mesoscale meteorology. ASPERA measurements together with MAVEN "deep dip" data enabled assessment of the conditions that lead to the formation of the dayside ionopause in the regions with and without strong crustal magnetic fields suggesting that the ionopause occurs where the total ionospheric pressure (magnetic + thermal) equals the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure. In 2021 Mars Express successfully performed two types of novel observations. In egress-only radio-occultations a two-way radio link was locked at a tangent altitude of about 50 km. This is well below the ionospheric peak and would allow perfect sounding of the entire ionosphere thus doubling the number of ionospheric soundings. MEX and TGO performed several test UHF occultations. The dual-spacecraft radio-occultation technique would allow much broader spatial distribution of the mission's radio occultation profiles. Mars Express is extended till the end of 2022. A science case for the mission extension till the end of 2025 will be developed and submitted in March 2022. The talk will give the Mars Express status, review the recent science highlights, and outline future plans including synergistic science with TGO and other missions