EDMOND ORBAN, Le fédéralisme ? Super État fédéral ? Association d'États souverains ?, Montréal, Hurtubise HMH, 1992, 170 p., ISBN 2-89045-968-3.

(Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) dos campos ferruginosos do Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, MG). Foi realizado um levantamento florístico das espécies de Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) ocorrentes nos campos ferruginosos do Parque Estadual do Itacolomi (PEI), situado nos municípios de Ouro Preto e Mariana, estado de Minas Gerais. As coletas foram feitas no período de março de 2001 a maio de 2002. Foram identificadas 20 espécies de Papilionoideae, pertencentes a 13 gêneros. Os gêneros mais representativos em número de espécies foram Desmodium (4), Crotalaria (3), Machaerium e Stylosanthes, com duas espécies cada. Os demais gêneros foram representados por apenas uma espécie cada. No estudo fenológico das espécies, foram constatadas correlações entre fatores climáticos (temperatura e precipitação) e a perda de folhas, brotação, floração e frutificação.(Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of “campos ferruginosos” of Itacolomi State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil). A floristic survey of Papilionoideae species was carried out in “campos ferruginosos” of Itacolomy State Park (PEI), situated between Ouro Preto and Mariana cities, Minas Gerais. The collections was made from March, 2001 to May, 2002. Twenty species of 13 genera of Papilionoideae were identified. The genera that had more representative number of species were Desmodium (4), Crotalaria (3), Machaerium (2) and Stylosanthes (2). The others had only one specie each. In the phenological study of the species, correlations between environmental parameters (temperature and rainfall) and the leaf fall, leaf flushing, flowering and the fruiting were verified

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Sinningia flammea Chautems & Valquíria F. Dutra & Fontana & Peixoto & Perret & Rossini 2019, spec. nova

<p> <i>Sinningia flammea</i> Chautems & Rossini, <b>spec. nova</b></p> <p>(Fig. 2A, 3).</p> <p> <b>Holotypus: BRAZIL. Espírito Santo:</b> Itaguaçu, Cachoei- rão, propriedade Sr. Hilário Lopes, trilha da cachoeira, 8.IX.2006, fl., <i>R.C. Britto et al. 134</i> (MBML-39758!).</p> <p> <i>This species resembles Sinningia aghensis Chautems by the habit, the leaves nearly whorled and the long ascending peduncles, but differs by having smaller leaf blades that are vinaceous abaxially and by the narrow tubular bright orange corollas with a greenish-yellow throat (vs. leaves green abaxially and wide tubular funnel-shape and purple corollas, with a darker purple and white marbled throat).</i></p> <p> <i>Herb</i> rupicolous, arising from perennial tuber, 2–9 × 3–10 cm in diam. <i>Stems</i> erect, 8–30 cm tall, usually unbranched, reddish to vinaceous with some green streaks, villose, trichomes 3–4 mm long. <i>Leaves</i> usually 2 pairs, decussate, isophyllous, condensed in an apparent whorl of 4 toward the apex of the stem, petiole 0,3– 1 cm long, blade ovate to obovate 2.2–9 × 1.6–6.7 cm, dark green and pubescent on adaxial face, vinaceous and incanoustomentose abaxially, base obtuse, apex obtuse, margin crenatedenticulate, 7–9 pairs of veins, vinaceous abaxially. <i>Inflorescence</i> 1–2 pair(s) of ascending peduncles, in the axils of upper leafs or small bracts below the leafs, 10–27 cm long, vinaceous with greenish dots, villose, each peduncle carrying at their apex 4–12 flowers organized in pair-flowered cymes. <i>Flowers</i> borne on erect to horizontal pedicels, 1.3–4.7 cm long, vinaceous, villose. <i>Calyx</i> campanulate, sepals fused at base for 3 mm, green with reddish apex, 9 × 3 mm, triangular to lanceolate, pubes- cent with glandular trichomes. <i>Corolla</i> tubular, 4.2–4.5 cm long, outside dark vinaceous at young buds stage, brightly orange with touch of yellow at maturity, pubescent with longer eglandular and shorter glandular trichomes, tube at the very base enlarged forming two dorsal bulges that are the nectary chambers, c. 7 mm diam., then, briefly constricted to around 3–4 mm in diam., widening progressively to about 8 mm in diam., throat greenish yellow, lobes equal, patent, internally greenish yellow at base, orange at the apex with yellow veins. <i>Stamens</i> 4, included, filaments 3.9–4.2 cm long, white or yellowish, puberulous, anthers 3 × 2 mm, coherent by their apex and side, star-shaped, pollen white; nectary formed by five separate glands of 1–2 × 1 mm; ovary conical, 5–7 mm long, whitish, puberulous, style 4.5–4.8 cm long, white, puberulous, barely exserted at maturity, stigma stomatomorphic. <i>Fruit</i> a conical capsule, beaked at the apex, fully dehiscent, 8–10 × 4–5 mm, seeds fusiform to prolate, dark brown, 0.5–0.6 mm.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>. – The name refers to the bright and vivid yellow-orange color of the corolla that evokes fire flames.</p> <p> <i>Distribution and ecology</i>. – This species is endemic to the eastern part of Espírito Santo State (Fig. 1). It has only been encountered on inselbergs above 700 m alt. in the Municipalities of Itaguaçu and Colatina. Scattered populations have been found growing on sun exposed and steep granitic rock, among clumps of large <i>Bromeliaceae</i> and <i>Velloziaceae</i>.</p> <p> <i>Phenology</i>. – Flowers were observed between July and September. Mature fruits were registered on cultivated material around November-December.</p> <p> <i>Conservation status</i>. – The new species has been observed so far in only two localities representing two locations. None of them are part of the protected area network. Populations are composed of a few scattered individuals. Threats in those locations are granite extraction from the inselbergs and extension of monoculture of coffee or <i>Eucalyptus</i> L’Hér. in the immediate surroundings. With an EOO <5000 km ², an AAO <500 km ², two known locations coupled with a continuous decline in area, extent and quality of habitat, <i>Sinningia flammea</i> is assigned a preliminary assessment as “Endangered” [EN B1ab(iii)] using the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2012).</p> <p> <i>Notes</i>. – The new species is morphologically related to <i>S. aghensis</i>, sharing similarities in the whorled phyllotaxis, the leaf blade shape and the very long peduncles. Nevertheless, it differs by having much smaller leaf blades and narrow tubular bright orange corollas (vs tubular-campanulate dark purple corollas). Although flowers arise from long peduncles above a leafy stem and not directly from the tuber, the long tubular corollas resemble <i>S. helioana</i> Chautems & Rossini, but color and size differ (bright orange tube 4.2– 4.5 cm long with greenish hues in throat vs tube red 2.5–3 cm long with throat cream). Preliminary phylogenetic data place the new species in close relationship with the two above mentioned taxa within the clade “ Corytholoma ” (PERRET et al. 2003, 2007).</p> <p> Material of this species was introduced in cultivation under the provisional name <i>Sinningia</i> sp. “Itaguassu”.</p> <p> <i>Paratypus</i>. – <b>BRAZIL. Espírito Santo:</b> Colatina, Itapina, morro do Maquiji, Córrego Maquiji, Fazenda Pedra Grande, 27.VII.2009, fl., <i>A.P. Fontana & L. Menini Neto 6076</i> (MBML-47808).</p>Published as part of <i>Chautems, Alain, Valquíria F. Dutra,, Fontana, André P., Peixoto, Mauro, Perret, Mathieu & Rossini, Josiene, 2019, Three new species of Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil, pp. 33-42 in Candollea 74 (1)</i> on pages 34-37, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3404226">http://zenodo.org/record/3404226</a&gt

Sinningia stapelioides Chautems & M. Peixoto 2019, spec. nova

<p> <i>Sinningia stapelioides</i> Chautems & M. Peixoto, <b>spec. nova</b></p> <p>(Fig. 2D, 5).</p> <p> <b>Holotypus: [BRAZIL. Espírito Santo]:</b> cult. in CJBG under Acc. nº AC-3518 originating from Pancas, Pedra da Agulha, 17.I.2012, fl., <i>A. Chautems 555</i> (VIES!; iso-: G spirit!).</p> <p> <i>Sinningia stapelioides resembles S. defoliata (Malme) Chautems, S. helioana Chautems & Rossini and S. tuberosa (Mart.) H.E. Moore in having inflorescences and leaves arising separately and successively from the tuber with rarely more than one leaf blade produced by a petiole-like stem. It differs however by a pauciflorous inflorescence with distinctive flowers having a large (5–6 cm) tubular-campanulate corolla, dull red orange outside with a peculiar throat that is greenishcream with a dense network of vinaceous streaks that extends on the inner face of the lobes (vs long, up to 3–4 cm, tubular and bright red corollas).</i></p> <p> <i>Herb</i>, arising from perennial tuber, saxicolous; tuber spheroidal, 4–12 cm in diam., leaves and inflorescences produced separately and successively, 1- rarely 2-petiole-like stems, obliquely arising from the tuber upper surface, 4–12 cm long, 3–4 mm in diam., vinaceous, pubescent, blade attachment swollen abaxially, 1–2 pairs of linear-lanceolate bracts just below blade insertion. <i>Leaves</i> forming an angle of nearly 90° with the petiole-like stem, usually reduced to one large blade at maturity (during first growing cycle from seed seedlings produce 2–3 pairs of opposite leaves, followed on subsequent growing cycles from tuber by a phase with a second and small leaf blade, 1–5 mm long, produced in opposite position), ovate (3–)9–24 (– 36) × (1–)4–11(– 18) cm, apex acute-acuminate, base shortly attenuate to truncate, green above, green or reddish beneath, finely puberulous-velutinous, margin slightly crenate, 10–15 pairs of veins. <i>Inflorescences</i> organized in well-developed pairflowered cymes of 1–3 flowers borne on a peduncle, 5–8 cm long, 1–2 mm in diam., greenish to vinaceous, emerging from 1–2 points of the tuber upper surface, bracts linear, 1–2 mm long. <i>Flowers</i> nodding, borne on pedicels, 2–4 cm long, greenish to vinaceous, puberulous. <i>Calyx</i> campanulate, sepals fused at base for 2– 3 mm, narrowly triangular, 13–15 × 6– 7 mm, wide at base, greenish to reddish, margin entire, puberulous. <i>Corolla</i> slightly oblique in the calyx, tubular, 5– 6 cm long, nectary chamber composed of 5 swellings, green, 9–10 mm wide at base, tube enlarged then towards the middle reaching 16–20 mm in diam., vinaceous in bud, dull red orange outside (RHS color chart # 35 B-C) at maturity, puberulous with simple and glandular trichomes, lobes 9–10 × 18–20 mm, throat cream to greenish towards bottom, lobes spreading with a network of vinaceous streaks and dots on inner face. <i>Stamens</i> 4, included, filaments ca. 50 mm, greenish, glabrous, anthers coherent, star-shaped, pollen cream; nectary formed of five glands, equals in size, greenish; ovary vinaceous, style included, 40– 50 mm long, vinaceous, puberulent, stigma greenish. <i>Fruit</i> a capsule, subulate at the apex, dark brown at maturity, 14–18 × 9–11 mm, seeds ellipsoid, 7–9 mm long.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>. – The specific epithet refers to the color pattern of the corolla that resembles flowers of some members of the genus <i>Stapelia</i> L. <i>(Apocynaceae).</i></p> <p> <i>Distribution and ecology</i>. – Only known so far from the type locality in the region of the “Pontões Capixabas”, an area classified as National Monument around the small town of Pancas, in the northern part of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil (Fig. 1). The area is famous for large rock inselbergs, some reaching several hundred meters in height. A few tubers were observed growing on a vertical side of a granite block measuring ca. 5 m in height in shady situation, not far from a forested fragment partially converted to cocoa trees cultivation, within a small farm.</p> <p> <i>Phenology</i>. – Flowers observed in August (in cultivation in Brazil) or December (in cultivation in Geneva) and mature fruits in October (in cultivation in Brazil).</p> <p> <i>Conservation status</i>. – Less than ten individuals were observed in a single population growing on a large granitic block within a fragment of humid forest, with the understory partly planted with cocoa trees. This single location lies within a farm at a few hundred meters from the farmer residence. Most of the land is already converted to tropical crops, like banana and coffee. This reduced plant population is then heavily threatened by any change in the surroundings, like tree felling or extension of any other tropical crop. With an EOO <100 km 2 and AAO <10 km ², <i>S. stapelioides</i> is assigned a preliminary assessment as “Critically Endangered” [CR B2ab(iii)] using the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2012).</p> <p> <i>Notes</i>. – This species generates leaves and inflorescences separately and successively on the tuber surface, following the tuber dormancy period during the dry season (May-September). This feature is also present in three other <i>Sinningia</i> species, i.e., <i>S. defoliata</i> (Malme) Chautems, <i>S. helioana</i> and <i>S. tuberosa</i> (Mart.) H.E. Moore. This separate and successive development of vegetative and fertile shoots could have evolved at least twice independently in the genus. Indeed, preliminary phylogenetic data place this new taxon in the clade <i>Corytholoma</i>, together with <i>S. defoliata</i> and <i>S. helioana</i>, whereas <i>S. tuberosa</i> belongs to clade <i>Sinningia</i> (PERRET et al. 2003; M. Perret, unpubl. data). Nevertheless, <i>S. stapelioides</i> produces large (5–6 cm) tubular-campanulate corollas with a peculiar throat and lobes coloration pattern that differ from the long (up to 3–4 cm) tubular and bright red corollas displayed by these three species.</p> <p> Live material of this species was first obtained from the late R.A. Kautsky (later established to have been originally collected in the type locality within Sr. Adriano Romais’ property). It was introduced in cultivation under the provisional name <i>Sinningia</i> sp. “Pancas”.</p> <p>The only available material collected in the wild is a sterile gathering, as all individuals at the time of the collection were in a vegetative phase. This sample is designated as a paratype. Fertile material could only be observed at a different period on a plant cultivated in Geneva originating from the same locality. A flower was then collected and designated here as the holotype.</p> <p> <i>Paratypus</i>. – <b>BRAZIL. Espírito Santo:</b> Pancas, base da Pedra da Agulha, propriété do Sr. Adriano Romais, 4.V.2012, ster., <i>Perret, Chautems, Peixoto & Duarte 55</i> (VIES-026563).</p>Published as part of <i>Chautems, Alain, Valquíria F. Dutra,, Fontana, André P., Peixoto, Mauro, Perret, Mathieu & Rossini, Josiene, 2019, Three new species of Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil, pp. 33-42 in Candollea 74 (1)</i> on pages 39-41, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3404226">http://zenodo.org/record/3404226</a&gt

Three new species of Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil

Chautems, Alain, Valquíria F. Dutra,, Fontana, André P., Peixoto, Mauro, Perret, Mathieu, Rossini, Josiene (2019): Three new species of Sinningia (Gesneriaceae) endemic to Espírito Santo, Brazil. Candollea 74 (1): 33-42, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a

Mimosa melosa J. Gelma, L. P. Queiroz & Van den Berg 2023, sp. nov.

4. Mimosa melosa J. Gelma, L.P. Queiroz & Van den Berg, sp. nov. Figs. 4A–G, 5. Type:— BRASIL, Bahia: Mun. Pil„o Arcado, Brejo do Zacarias, ca. 30 km de Pil„o Arcado, 10°05’55’’S, 42°54’41’’W, 8 December 2005 (fl.), J.G.A. Nascimento 557 (holotype: HUEFS [barcode 000234325]!; isotype: HUEFS [barcode 000248806]!). Affinis M. xiquexiquensi Barneby (1991: 279) sed habitu erecto usque 1.5 m alto (nec decumbenti), floribus in capitulis ellipsoideis (nec spicis elongatis), inflorescentia fasciculata (nec axillar sejuncta) differt. Subshrubs 1–1.5 m tall, erect; branches cylindrical, viscid, vilose, with filiform trichomes, 0.1–0.3 mm long, and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 0.5–2 mm long. Internodes 14–16 mm long. Stipules 4–5 × 1–1.3 mm, lanceolate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, base truncate, apex acuminate, pilose, margin ciliate, 1–3-veined. Petiole 2–5 mm long, rachis 35–40 mm long, with small prickles, first interpinnal segment 3–5 mm long, remaining segments 2–3 mm long; pinnae 10–16 pairs, median pinna 5–6 mm long, decreasing in size toward to the leaf base; leaflets 10–12 pairs per pinna (median pinnae), membranaceous, 1.5–2 × 1–1.2 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, base rounded, both surfaces sericeous, margin ciliate, 3-veined. Capitula ellipsoid, 6–12 mm long, 25–30-flowered, 2–3-fascicled in efoliate terminal pseudoracemes; peduncle 12–15(–25) mm long, vilosulous, mixed with capitate-filiform glandular trichomes; bracts 0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.25 mm, membranaceous, obovate, slightly clawed. Flowers sessile; calyx white, 0.6–0.7 mm long, campanulate, lobes with apex truncate; corolla white with pink a rim, glabrous, subtubular, membranaceous, tube 1–1.2 mm long, lobes 1–1.2 mm long, acuminate; stamens 6, filaments dark-pink, connate ca. 2 mm long at the base, three longer 4–5 mm, three shorter 3–4 mm long, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm long, globose, yellow; ovary 0.6–0.8 mm long, dense capitate-setiform trichomes, stipitate, stipe ca. 0.3 mm long, 3–6-ovulate; style 1–1.2 mm long. Fruit and seeds unknown. Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Mimosa melosa is known from only two collections from a single population in Pil„o Arcado municipality, Bahia, Brazil (Figure 5). The specimens were collected on inland sand dunes on the banks of the S„o Francisco River, growing in open areas between clumps of vegetation, at 420 m of elevation, with flowers in September and December. Conservation:— As there is a lack of information on the distribution of M. melosa in this area, we propose that this species be categorized as Data Deficient (DD). The S„o Francisco dunes are formed by extensive aeolian deposits, which can exceed 100 m in height, covered by caatinga vegetation (Rocha et al. 2004). The soils are sandy and deep, with very low fertility (Velloso et al. 2002). The dune area is apparently well preserved, with little human disturbance, such as the extraction of wood for fire making, which threatens the stability of the dunes. Etymology:—The epithet melosa refers to the vernacular name of this species, giving the sensation of viscosity when touched. Notes:— Mimosa melosa is morphologically related to M. xiquexiquensis, both have leaves with (8–)14–18(–22) pairs of pinnae and 11–12 pairs of leaflets per pinna. Mimosa melosa can be differentiated by erect habit, 1–1.5 m tall (vs. prostrate habit, ca. 0.5 m tall in M. xiquexiquensis), smaller petioles, 2–5 mm long (vs. petioles usually larger, 5–7 mm long) and inflorescence units as ellipsoid capitula grouped in fascicles along a terminal efoliate pseudoraceme (vs. solitary and axillary elongate spikes) (Table 4). The region of the S„o Francisco river dunes includes a very differentiated biota with a high number of endemic species of plants and animals (Rocha et al. 2004; Queiroz et al. 2017). The endemic plant species are usually distributed throughout this area. However, the Mimosa melosa - Mimosa xiquexiquensis pair seems to be an example of geographical speciation within the dunes, with M. melosa occurring in the northern part of the dunes and M. xiquexiquensis in the southern part, but in similar habitats. Many of the endemic plant species have been recently described from this area, such as Aeschynomene sabulicola Queiroz & Cardoso (2008: 750), Rhynchosia franciscana Queiroz & Cardoso (2018: 975) and Pterocarpus monophyllus Klitgaard et al. (2000: 989). Paratype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Pil„o Arcado, Brejo do Zacarias, 28 September 2005 (fl.), L.P. Queiroz et al. 10968 (HUEFS).Published as part of Do Nascimento, Janaína Gelma A., Rocha, Lamarck, Dutra, Valquíria F., De Queiroz, Luciano P. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2023, Four new species of Mimosa sect. Batocaulon ser. Cordistipulae (Leguminosae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 265-279 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 273-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/804306

Mimosa bahiana J. Gelma, L. P. Queiroz & Van den Berg 2023, sp. nov.

1. Mimosa bahiana J. Gelma, L.P. Queiroz & Van den Berg, sp. nov. Figs. 1A–I, 5. Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Município de Piat „, Platô alto da Serra da Tromba, 13°07’S, 41°49’W, 2 November 1996 (fl., fr.), L.P. Queiroz et al. 4713 (holotype: HUEFS [barcode 200008832]!). Affinis M. setuligera Harms (1908: 208) et M. brevipinna (1875: 432) foliis 5−14-pinnatis, sed a M. setuligera stipulis inflexis, paleaceis (nec reflexis, membranaceis), foliolulis 0.8−1.2 mm longis (nec 1.8−2.7 mm longis), corolla glabra (nec tubo glabro et lobis trichomata indutis), et a M. brevipinna foliolis 0.8–1.2 × 0.6–0.7 mm (nec 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm), calyce 0.3 mm (nec 0.5–0.6 mm), fructibus cum 2–3-articulis (nec 6–8-articulis) differt. Subshrubs 5–30 cm tall, prostrate or erect; branches cylindrical, velutinous, with filiform trichomes, and glandular capitate-filiform trichomes, 0.2–1.4 mm long. Internodes c. 15 mm long. Stipules 4–5 × 1–1.2 mm, lanceolate, base truncate, apex acuminate, margin ciliate, 3–5-veined. Petiole 6–8 mm long, rachis 25–35 mm long, first interpinnal segment 3.5–6 mm long, remaining segments 2–3 mm long; pinnae 6–10 pairs, median pinna 5–7 mm long, slightly decreasing in size toward the apex and the base of the leaf; leaflets 6–8(–10) pairs per pinna (median pinna), membranaceous, 0.8–1.2 × 0.6–0.7 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, base rounded, both surfaces pilose to villous, margin ciliate or sericeous, 3-veined. Capitula 10–12 mm diam., 30–35-flowered; peduncle 25–30 mm long; bracts 1–1.2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, membranaceous, linear or spatulate. Flowers sessile; calyx white, ca. 0.3 mm long, campanulate, lobes with apex truncate; corolla white, glabrous, subtubular, membranaceous, tube 0.8–1 mm long, lobes 1–1.2 mm long, acuminate; stamens 6, filaments 4–6 mm long, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm long, globose, yellow; ovary ca. 1 mm long, covered by capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 3–4-ovulate, style 2–4 mm long. Craspedium 10–12 × 4–4.5 mm, subsessile, linear, margin undulate, puberulous, with filiform and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 2–3-articulate, apical and basal articles triangular, median articles rectangular, 2–3 × 4–5 mm. Seeds 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm, external surface smooth. Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Mimosa bahiana is known only from the municipality of Piat„, in the southern portion of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Figure 5). It was collected in “cerrado sensu stricto ” and “campos gerais” (savanna vegetation), at 1,200 –1,400 m of elevation, with flowers and fruits in November. Conservation:— Mimosa bahiana is known from only two collections carried out in 1996. The areas where it occurs have been cleared for coffee plantation by small family groups. Due to the lack of data on the distribution of the species, we propose this species to be Data Deficient (DD). Etymology:— The specific epithet bahiana denotes the restricted species’ geographical distribution, until now known only from the state of Bahia, Brazil. Notes:— Mimosa bahiana is morphologically similar to M. brevipinna and M. setuligera with which it shares the multipinnate leaves with short pinnae and rather few leaflets per pinna. It can be distinguished by those two species by the branches with a velutinous indumentum (vs. glabrous or glabrescent in M. brevipinna and viscid and tomentose in M. setuligera), leaflets smaller, 0.8–1.2 mm long (vs. 3–3.5 mm long and 1.8–2.7 mm long, respectively), and calyx smaller, ca. 0.3 mm long (vs. 0.4–1 mm and 0.5–0.6 mm, respectively). Mimosa bahiana also has smaller craspedia, measuring 10–12 × 4–4.5 mm, 2–3-articulated, and with short trichomes, mixed with glandular ones, while M. brevipinna has craspedia measuring 25–30 × 6–25 mm, 6–8-articulated and velutine (Table 1). The presence of lanceolate, non-reflexed stipules, and glabrous corolla also differs from M. setuligera (narrowly lanceolate, reflexed stipules, and hispidulous corolla lobes). Mimosa bahiana is a locally rare plant, being known only from the top of a mountain near the Piat„ town, in the southern portion of Chapada Diamantina, at more than 1,200 m of elevation. The local vegetation is an open field with few trees and subject to fire on deep sandy soil. The two most similar species, M. setuligera and M. brevipinna, do not occur in sympatry, being recorded in lowland dry scrubs on sandy soil, at elevation ranging from 200 to 400 m. Paratype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Piat „, estrada Piat „/Inúbia, a 2 km do entroncamento com entroncamento Piat„ / Boninal, 13°04’19’’S, 41°47’33’’W, 11 November 1996 (fl., fr.), D.J.N. Hind et al. 4184 (ALCB).Published as part of Do Nascimento, Janaína Gelma A., Rocha, Lamarck, Dutra, Valquíria F., De Queiroz, Luciano P. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2023, Four new species of Mimosa sect. Batocaulon ser. Cordistipulae (Leguminosae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 265-279 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 266-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/804306

Mimosa confusa J. Gelma, L. P. Queiroz & Van den Berg 2023, sp. nov.

2. Mimosa confusa J. Gelma, L.P. Queiroz & Van den Berg, sp. nov. Figs. 2A–H, 5. Type:— BRAZIL, Bahia: Mun. Morro do Chapéu, Lages, 10 March 2003 (fl., fr.), L.P. Queiroz et al. 7733 (holotype: HUEFS [barcode 000001174]!; isotype HUEFS [barcode 000001237]!). Affinis M. cordistipula Bentham (1842: 411) sed rachibus 15–25(–30) mm longis (nec 5–10 mm longis), stipulis 2.8–4 mm longis (nec 4–6 mm longis), foliis 4–7-pinnatis (nec 2–4(–5)-pinnatis, capitulis 55–70 mm diametro (nec 15–25 mm diametro) differt. Subshrubs 0.3–1 m tall, rarely erect; branches cylindrical, rarely angulate, velutinous, lanuginose, rarely glabrous, with filiform trichomes, 0.9–1.2 mm long, and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 0.4–1 mm long. Internodes 20 –50 mm long. Stipules 2.8–4 × 0.8–1 mm, lanceolate, base truncate, apex acuminate, aristate, margin ciliate, 3-veined. Petiole 1–3(–4) mm long, rachis 15–25(–30) mm long, spinescent, aculeolate, first interpinnal segment 1–2 mm long, remaining segments 1–4 mm long; pinnae 4–7 pairs, median pinna 5–12(–15) mm long, increasing in size towards the apex of the leaf; leaflets 8–18 pairs per pinna (in median pinna), membranaceous, 2–4 × 0.8–1.8 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, base rounded, both surfaces sericeous, margin ciliate, 1-veined. Capitula 55–70 mm diam., 80–100-flowered; peduncle 22–45 mm long; bracts 1.4–1.8 × 0.1–0.2 mm, membranaceous, linear or spatulate. Flowers sessile or shortly pedicellate, pedicel ca. 0.2 mm long; calyx white or whitish-pink, 0.4–0.8 mm long, campanulate, lobes with apex truncate; corolla white, glabrous, subtubular, membranaceous, tube 1.2–2 mm long, lobes 0.8–1 mm long; stamens 6, pink, filaments connate ca. 0.3 mm long at the base, three longer 6–11 mm long, three shorter 5–6 mm long, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm long, globose, yellow; ovary 0.8–1.3 mm long, densely pilose, stipitate, stipe 0.3–0.4 mm long, 8–10- ovulate, style 6–8 mm long. Craspedium 30–50(–70) × ca. 5 mm, subsessile, linear, margin undulate, puberulous, with filiform and glandular capitate-filiform trichomes, 4–9-articulate, apical and basal articles triangular, median article quadrangular, 3–4 × ca. 4 mm. Seeds 2–2.3 × 3–3.5 mm, external surface smooth. Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Mimosa confusa occurs in the Morro do Chapéu municipality, northern Chapada Diamantina range, Bahia, Brazil (Figure 5). It was collected in “cerrado sensu stricto ”, campos rupestres and transitional areas of Caatinga vegetation, at 850–1,000 m of elevation, with flowers and fruits from December to July. Conservation:— We propose this species to be endangered (EN, criteria B2ab(iii)+D) because Mimosa confusa has been observed only in a single locality in the region of Morro do Chapéu State Park, at the margins of the BA-052 road, with an AOO of 8,000 km 2. Despite being collected in a protected area, the Morro do Chapéu State Park still suffers severe impacts of human action, such as livestock, opening of roads and settlements, in addition to fires (Lob„o & Vale 2009). Etymology:— The epithet ‘confusa’ refers to the morphological similarity of the new species with Mimosa cordistipula, leading to misidentification under this taxa by several authors in herbarium collections. Notes:— Morphological studies with multivariate analysis showed that M. confusa represents a new species (Nascimento 2007). This species is vegetatively similar to M. cordistipula by presenting spinescent projections at the tip of leaf rachides and pinnae, and by pinnae increasing in size toward the apex of the leaf. Mimosa confusa can be recognized by the larger internodes and leaf rachis (20–50 mm and 15–25(–30) mm long, respectively), larger number of pinnae, 4–7 pairs, and capitula with 55–70 mm diam. and 80–100 flowers, whereas in M. cordistipula the internodes are shorter (10–15 mm long), the rachis of the leaves is 5–10 mm long, the pinnae are 2–4(–5) pairs, and the capitula are smaller, 15–25 mm diam. with 40–60 flowers (Table 2). Mimosa confusa seems to be the result of a local differentiation of M. cordistipula to a particular habitat in the municipality of Morro do Chapéu. While M. cordistipula is a relatively widespread species across the Chapada Diamantina mountain range, where it occurs in different caatinga vegetation habitats, M. confusa is found only in dystrophic quartz sands among sandstone rocks. In the same locality, some new taxa were recently described, such as Philcoxia tuberosa Carvalho & Queiroz (2014: 151), Micranthocereus polyanthus subsp. alvinii Machado & Hofacker (2004: 127) and Pavonia queirozii Krapovickas (2012: 63). Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, 22 km W de Morro do Chapéu, 20 February 1971 (fl., fr.), Irwin et al. 32650 (MBM, NY, R, UB, US); ibd., 14 January 1977 (fl.), G. Hatschbach 39588 (CEPEC, MBM, NY, US); ibd., ca. 3, 5 km SE de Morro do Chapéu, ao longo da BA 052 (estrada do feij„o), 25 July 1993 (fl., fr.), L.P. Queiroz & N.S. Nascimento 3428 (HUEFS, K); ibd., ca. 20 km W de Morro do Chapéu, na estrada para Irecê, 11°29’53”S, 41°19’58”W, 21 April 2001 (fl., fr.), E. Melo 3401 (HUEFS, UB); ibd., Lages, na estrada para Irecê ca. de 20 km a O de Morro do Chapéu, 5 January 2005 (fl., fr.), J.G.A. Nascimento & M.C. Machado 202 (FLOR, HUEFS); ibd., 5 January 2005 (fl., fr.), J.G.A. Nascimento & M.C. Machado 203 (HUEFS); ibd., caminho para as Dunas, 11°29’30”S, 41°19’08”W, 8 March 2003 (fl., fr.), L.P. Queiroz et al. 7645 (HUEFS); ibd., ca. 20 km para Morro do Chapéu, na estrada Jo „o Dourado-Morro do Chapéu, 12 April 2001 (fl., fr.), M.J.S. Lemos et al. 157 (HUEFS).Published as part of Do Nascimento, Janaína Gelma A., Rocha, Lamarck, Dutra, Valquíria F., De Queiroz, Luciano P. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2023, Four new species of Mimosa sect. Batocaulon ser. Cordistipulae (Leguminosae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 265-279 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on page 269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/804306

Mimosa crassifolia J. Gelma, L. P. Queiroz & Van den Berg 2023, sp. nov.

3. Mimosa crassifolia J. Gelma, L.P. Queiroz & Van den Berg, sp. nov. Figs. 3A–G, 5. Type — BRAZIL. Bahia: Município de Morro do Chapéu, Tabuleiro dos Tigres, Morro do Chapéu, 20 July 2005 (fl., fr.), A.K.A. Santos 355 (holotype: HUEFS [barcode 000001300]!; isotype: HUEFS [barcode 000001255]!). Affinis M. morroënsi Barneby (1985: 147) sed petiolo breviore ((5–) 8–15 mm longo (nec 20–30 mm longo)), foliolis coriaceis nitidis glabris (nec membranaceis opacisque, sericeis vel ciliatis), trichomatibus glandularibus conicis 0.05– 0.3 mm longis (nec trichomatibus glandularibus linearibus 0.5–0.8 mm longis) differt. Decumbent subshrub 0.3–0.5 m tall, rarely erect; branches cylindrical, puberulous, with filiform trichomes, and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 0.05–0.3 mm long. Internodes 18–20 mm long. Stipules 3–7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, lanceolate, base truncate, apex acuminate, aristate, margin ciliate, 3-veined. Petiole (5–) 8–15 mm long, rachis 23–70 mm long, first interpinnal segment 4–8 mm long, remaining segments 3–5 mm long; pinnae 9–14(–18) pairs, slightly decreasing in size toward to the apex and the leaf base, median pinna 15–20 mm long; leaflets 9–15 pairs per pinna (median pinnae), coriaceous, glossy, 2–4 × 0.8–1.8 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, base rounded, both surfaces glabrous, 3-veined, margins with capitate-setiform trichomes. Capitula 10–15 mm diam., 45–60-flowered; peduncle 33–49 mm long; bracts 0.4–1.3 × 0.1–0.25 mm, membranaceous, linear or spatulate. Flowers sessile; calyx white, 0.4–0.8 mm long, campanulate, slightly asymmetric, lobes with apex acute, slightly dentate; corolla white with a pink rim, glabrous, subtubular, membranaceous, tube 0.4–1.4 mm long, lobes 0.8–2.5 mm long, acuminate; stamens 6, filaments connate ca. 0.5 mm long at the base, three longer 6–8 mm long, three shorter 4–6 mm long, dark-pink; anthers 0.6–0.7 mm long, globose, yellow; ovary ca. 1 mm long, with filiform and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, stipitate, stipe ca. 0.5 mm long, 4-ovulate; style 3–5.5 mm long. Craspedium 20–25 × 5–7 mm, subsessile, straight oblong, margin undulate, puberulous, with filiform and capitate-filiform trichomes, 2–3-articulate, apical and basal articles triangular, median articles rectangular, 5–6 × 4–5 mm. Seeds 3–4 × 2.8–3 mm, external surface smooth. Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Mimosa crassifolia is known only from the Morro do Chapéu municipality, northern Chapada Diamantina range, Bahia, Brazil (Figure 5). The specimens were collected in sandy areas of the campo rupestre, at 1,000 –1,100 m of elevation, with flowers from January to July, and fruits in January to May. Conservation:— We propose this species to be endangered (EN, criteria B2ab(iii)+D). Mimosa crassifolia is known from only a few collections made in the municipality of Morro do Chapéu (EOO 5,302 km 2 and AOO 8,000 km 2), in “Tabuleiro dos Tigres”, a specific area of campos rupestres, and at Morro do Chapéu State Park. The municipality of Morro do Chapéu is located at the northern portion of Chapada Diamantina and is considered an area of extreme priority for conservation, as it has a plant typology of savannas and caatinga (Maury 2002, França et al. 2013). One of the populations of Mimosa crassifolia was found in the Morro do Chapéu State Park, which despite being an protection area, continues to suffer anthropic pressures, such as fragmentation due to subsistence agriculture (Lob„o & Vale 2009), which puts the presence of the species in risk. Etymology: — The specific epithet crassifolia refers to the fleshy consistency of the leaflets when fresh. Notes:— The multipopulational morphological study in the Mimosa misera complex, using multivariate analysis, pointed out that specimens found in herbaria and of uncertain identification, represent a new species, M. crassifolia (Nascimento 2007). This species is morphologically similar to M. morroënsis, due to its decumbent habit and multipinnate leaves, and they occur in sympatry in the Morro do Chapéu municipality. Mimosa crassifolia can be further recognized by the indumentum composed of very short and conical glandular trichomes (c. 0.05 mm long), while M. morroënsis has slender stipitate glandular trichomes, with 0.5–1.5 mm long. Mimosa crassifolia can still be distinguished by longer internodes (18–20 mm long), larger stipules (3–7 mm long), lanceolate and pungent, smaller petioles, (5–) 8–15 mm long, and leaflets bright, coriaceous, and glabrous, in 9–15 pairs. M. morroënsis, on the other hand, has internodes 25–40 mm long, stipules 0.4–0.6 mm long, petioles 20–30 mm long, and dull, membranous and sericeous leaflets, in 15–18 pairs. Based on reproductive characters, they are distinguished by smaller capitula and sessile flowers, in M. crassifolia (10–15 mm diam. vs. 25–30 mm diam., and pedicellate flowers), and 2–3-articulate craspedium, while M. morroënsis has 4–8-articulate (Table 3). Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, Morro Duas Irm „s, 2 May 1999 (fl., fr.), F. França et al. 2853 (CEPEC, HUEFS, SPF); ibd., 11°33’39’’S, 41°17’00’’W, 21 July 2005 (fl.), A.K.A. Santos et al. 365 (HUEFS, SPF); ibd., Tabuleiro dos Tigres, 11°36’47’’S, 41°09’46’’W, 4 January 2005 (fl.), J.G.A. Nascimento & M.C. Machado 145 (HUEFS); ibd., Tabuleiro dos Tigres, ca. de 5 km de Morro do Chapéu, estrada para Utinga, 11°36’37’’S, 41°09’46’’W, 4 January 2005 (fl., fr.), J.G.A. Nascimento & M.C. Machado 165 (K, HUEFS, MBM, RB, SPF).Published as part of Do Nascimento, Janaína Gelma A., Rocha, Lamarck, Dutra, Valquíria F., De Queiroz, Luciano P. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2023, Four new species of Mimosa sect. Batocaulon ser. Cordistipulae (Leguminosae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 265-279 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 271-273, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/804306

The evolutionary history of Mimosa (Leguminosae): toward a phylogeny of the sensitive plants

Premise of the study: Large genera provide remarkable opportunities to investigate patterns of morphological evolution and historical biogeography in plants. A molecular phylogeny of the species-rich and morphologically and ecologically diverse genus Mimosa was generated to evaluate its infrageneric classification, reconstruct the evolution of a set of morphological characters, and establish the relationships of Old World species to the rest of the genus. • Methods: We used trnD-trnT plastid sequences for 259 species of Mimosa (ca. 50% of the total) to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus. Six morphological characters (petiolar nectary, inflorescence type, number of stamens, number of petals, pollen type, and seismonasty) were optimized onto the molecular tree. • Key results: Mimosa was recovered as a monophyletic clade nested within the Piptadenia group and includes the former members of Schrankia, corroborating transfer of that genus to Mimosa. Although we found good support for several infrageneric groups, only one section (Mimadenia) was recovered as monophyletic. All but one of the morphological characters analyzed showed high levels of homoplasy. High levels of geographic structure were found, with species from the same area tending to group together in the phylogeny. Old World species of Mimosa form a monophyletic clade deeply nested within New World groups, indicating recent (6-10 Ma) long-distance dispersal. • Conclusions: Although based on a single plastid region, our results establish a preliminary phylogenetic framework for Mimosa that can be used to infer patterns of morphological evolution and relationships and which provides pointers toward a revised infrageneric classification