Anticorpos contra vírus do grupo da língua azul em caprinos e ovinos do sertão de Pernambuco e inferências sobre sua epidemiologia em regiões semiáridas

The prevalence of antibodies against bluetongue virus was investigated in 41 dairy goats and 40 sheep herds in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco state and the conditions for insect Culicoides maintenance, considering climate dynamics and vector competence, were evaluated. The percents of seropositive herds in agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue virus group were 24 for goats and 27.5 for sheep. The estimated prevalences of seropositive animals were 3.9% for goats (n = 410) and 4.3% for sheep (n = 400). The prevalences of seropositive animals were low in the mesoregion of Sertão Pernambucano (4.8% for goats and 4.1% for sheep) and São Francisco Pernambucano (1.0% for goats and 4.5% for sheep). There were no significant differences between species and regions. Considering the social and economic importance of goats and sheep raising in the semi-arid region, it is essential to establish preventive measures to control imports of ruminants from these areas

Conidiobolomicose em ovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso Conidiobolomycosis in sheep in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Relatam-se os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e micológicos de conidiobolomicose em ovinos no Estado de Mato Grosso. A doença ocorreu em uma propriedade no município de Nobres, em um rebanho com 40 ovelhas adultas, entre os meses de janeiro a junho de 2007. Aproximadamente 30% dos ovinos da propriedade adoeceram e todos os doentes morreram em curso clínico de 2-5 semanas. O quadro clínico foi caracterizado por apatia, emagrecimento, dificuldade respiratória com dispnéia, respiração ruidosa e oral, secreção nasal mucosa ou sero-sanguinolenta, exoftalmia unilateral, por vezes com cegueira, e morte. Havia desaparecimento de etmoturbinados com substituição por tecido bran-cacento, finamente granular, multilobulado e friável infil-trando-se na lâmina cribiforme, no septo nasal e nas coa-nas em todos os ovinos necropsiados. Lesões similares foram encontradas em linfonodos regionais (2 casos), pulmões (3), encéfalo (2) e em linfonodos do abomaso (1). Microscopicamente havia inflamação granulomatosa da região rinocerebral, caracterizada por necrose, proliferação de tecido conjuntivo, infiltrado de neutrófilos, eosinófilos, células epitelióides e células gigantes multinucleadas freqüentemente circundando material Splendori-Hoeppli, onde havia imagens negativas de hifas. Na impregnação pela Prata-Metenamina, as hifas tinham septos e ramificações escassas e irregulares, com dilatação balonosa terminal e com forte demarcação de contornos. Iso-lou-se de tecido nasal de quatro ovinos Conidiobolus sp.<br>The epidemiological, clinical, pathological and mycological findings of an outbreak of conidiobolomycosis in a flock of 40 Santa Ines sheep, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, are reported. The illness occurred in the municipality of Nobres during January-June, 2007, resulting in death of about 30% of the affected sheep within 2-5 weeks. The clinical signs were characterized by apathy, weight loss, labored and noisy breathing with dyspnea, and mucous or serohemorrhagic nasal discharge. In three sheep there was unilateral exophthalmia, keratitis and corneal ulceration. A firm whitish, multi-lobulated, friable growth was evident in the ethmoturbinate region at the coronal sections of the head from six affected sheep. In all sheep the choana had similar nodular infiltration which resulted in local obstruction. In three of those there was exophthalmia. There was infiltration in the cribiform plate and brain (2 cases), regional lymph nodes (2), lungs (3), and abomasums (1). Microscopic findings were granulomatous inflammation of the rhinoetimoidal region, with necrosis, lymphocytic infiltration, epithelioid multinucleated giant cells and fibrovascular tissue, surrounding Splendore-Hoeppli material wich contained unstained ghost images of hyphae. The methenamine-silver stain uncover fungi hyphae, rarely ramified with bulbous dilatation in their extremities. Conidiobolus sp. was isolated from nasal tissue lesions of four sheep

Fermentação ruminal e eficiência microbiana em bezerros holandeses alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de concentrado Ruminal fermentation and microbial efficiency in Holstein calves fed diets with different concentrate levels

RESUMO - Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de concentrado sobre os parâmetros da fermentação ruminal, as digestibilidades aparente, total, ruminal e intestinal de N, a eficiência microbiana e o balanço de N. Cinco bezerros holandeses, inteiros, fistulados no rúmen e abomaso, com idade média inicial de 5,8±0,7 meses e 107,4±11,0 kg PV médio inicial, foram distribuídos em quadrado latino 5x5 (tratamento x período). Os animais foram alojados em baias individuais e alimentados à vontade com dietas contendo 30,0; 45,0; 60;0; 75,0; e 90,0% de concentrado, com base na MS, em rações contendo como volumoso, o feno de capim coast-cross e no concentrado, o farelo de soja, fubá de milho. Os valores de pH foram influenciados pelos níveis de concentrado das rações, e , 11,3 horas após a alimentação, foram estimandos os valores mínimos de 6,10; 5,89; 5,67; 5,46; e 5,24, para as rações com níveis de 30,0; 45,0; 60,0; 75,0; e 90,0%de concentrado nas rações, respectivamente. A concentração de amônia ruminal reduziu linearmente, em função dos tempos pós-alimentação, apresentando comportamento quadrático, com valores mínimos de 6,84; 7,14; 7,63; 7,82; 8,09; e 8,00 mg/dL, para 86,31; 84,86; 83,41; 81,95; 77,59; e 68,86% de concentrado nas rações. O numero de protozoários ruminais reduziu linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de concentrado nas rações. A eficiência de síntese de compostos nitrogenados microbianos aumentou linearmente com os níveis de concentrado nas rações.<br>ABSTRACT - This work was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrate levels on the parameters of at ruminal fermentation, the apparent, total, ruminal and intestinal N digestibilities, the microbial efficiency and the N balance. Five rumen and abomasum fistulated bull Holstein calves, with an initial average age of 5.8±0.7 months and initial average of 107.4±11.0 kg LW were allotted to a 5x5 Latin square design (treatment x period). The animals were housed in individual stalls and full fed diets (DM basis) containing 30.0, 45.0, 60.0, 75,0 and 90.0% of concentrate.The diets were based on coast-cross grass hay as forage and soybean meal and corn ground grain in the concentrate. The pH values were affected by the concentrate levels of the diets, and , 11.3 hours post-feeding, the minimum values of 6.10, 5.89, 5.67, 5.46, and 5.24, respectively, were estimated for the diets with 30.0, 45.0, 60.0, 75.0 e 90.0% of concentrate in the diets, respectively. The ruminal ammonia concentration linearly decreased, in function of post-feeding time and showing quadratic behavior, with a minimum values of 6.84, 7.14, 7,40, 7.63, 7.82, 8.09, and 8.00 mg/dL, for 86.31, 84.86, 83.41, 80,50, 81.95, 77.59, and 68.86% of concentrate in the diets. The number of ruminal protozoa linearly reduced as the dietary concentrate levels increased. The efficiency of microbial nitrogenous compound synthesis linearly increased, as the concentrate levels in the diets increased

The Changing Landscape for Stroke Prevention in AF Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Thrombosis and Hemostasi

Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Thrombin potently activates platelets through the protease-activated receptor PAR-1. Vorapaxar is a novel antiplatelet agent that selectively inhibits the cellular actions of thrombin through antagonism of PAR-1. METHODS: We randomly assigned 26,449 patients who had a history of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease to receive vorapaxar (2.5 mg daily) or matching placebo and followed them for a median of 30 months. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke. After 2 years, the data and safety monitoring board recommended discontinuation of the study treatment in patients with a history of stroke owing to the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS: At 3 years, the primary end point had occurred in 1028 patients (9.3%) in the vorapaxar group and in 1176 patients (10.5%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for the vorapaxar group, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.94; P<0.001). Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or recurrent ischemia leading to revascularization occurred in 1259 patients (11.2%) in the vorapaxar group and 1417 patients (12.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.95; P=0.001). Moderate or severe bleeding occurred in 4.2% of patients who received vorapaxar and 2.5% of those who received placebo (hazard ratio, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.93; P<0.001). There was an increase in the rate of intracranial hemorrhage in the vorapaxar group (1.0%, vs. 0.5% in the placebo group; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of PAR-1 with vorapaxar reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or ischemic events in patients with stable atherosclerosis who were receiving standard therapy. However, it increased the risk of moderate or severe bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRA 2P-TIMI 50 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00526474.)