The Correlation Between Critical Thinking and The Learning Results of The Senior High School Students in Biology Learning Implementing Group Investigation (GI) Learning in Malang, Indonesia

The students’ biology learning results may vary among student, caused by several variables affecting the students’ learning results, such as, learning style, critical thinking, metacognitive skills, learning models and some others. Many researches have investigated the correlation between critical thinking and students’ learning results. However, a research investigating the correlation between critical thinking and learning results in Group Investigation (GI) learning has not been conducted. This research aims at investigating the correlation between the critical thinking and the learning results of senior high school students in Biology learning implementing the Group Investigation (GI) learning in Malang. This research was conducted in 2015 from July until December, using correlational design. The population of this research was all senior high school students in Malang. The subjects of this research were 32 students of class X MIA 2, and 33 students of class X MIA 4 of St Mary senior high school Malang. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The results of this research showed that there was a correlation between students’ critical thinking and their learning results with the regression equation of the correlation between the two variables Y = 0.988X + 0.095, having a reliability value of 73.9%

THE CONTRIBUTION OF LEARNING MOTIVATION AND METACOGNITIVE SKILL ON COGNITIVE LEARNING OUTCOME OF STUDENTS WITHIN DIFFERENT LEARNING STRATEGIES

Abstract. The study of the correlation between learning motivation and metacognitive skill on students’ cognitive learning outcome simultaneously in classes taught by different learning strategies is still lacking. A correlational research was conducted to investigate the contribution of learning motivation and metacognitive skill simultaneously on cognitive learning outcome of 142 students studying biology in classes experiencing different learning strategies at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, State University of Makassar, Indonesia. The learning motivation was measured by using motivation questionnaire adapted from Keller (1983), and metacognitive skill was measured integrated with cognitive test. The findings showed that contribution of learning motivation and metacognitive skills simultaneously on cognitive learning outcomes in PBL-RQA, PBL, RQA, and conventional learning strategies was very high. The contribution of metacognitive skills on cognitive learning outcome was much greater than the contribution of learning motivation. This finding research was contrary with the previous studies. Based on the facts related to metacognitive skills, learning should consider seriously the empowerment of metacognitive skills by implementing appropriate learning strategies. Further researches are needed to reveal the correlation between learning motivation on cognitive learning outcomes in different populations and measuring instruments. Key words: biology cognitive learning outcome, learning motivation, metacognitive skill, problem-based learning, problem-based learning-reading questioning and answering

THE EFFECT OF PDEODE (PREDICT-DISCUSS-EXPLAIN-OBSERVE-DISCUSS-EXPLAIN) LEARNING STRATEGY IN THE DIFFERENT ACADEMIC ABILITIES ON STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Critical thinking is one of the basic skills in the 21st century. Based on the TIMSS study (The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) on  2007, found that Indonesian student are not able to show some abstract and complex concepts in biology. The student cannot understand the complexity of life creatures and their relationship with the environment. This quasi-experimental research aims to determine: (1) differences of students’ critical thinking skills between PDEODE learning and conventional learning, (2) differences of students’ critical thinking skills between those at higher and lower academic abilities, and (3) the critical thinking skills of students due to the interaction between learning strategy and academic ability. The research design was a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control design. The sample was 40 students of State Senior High School 1 Makassar and Islamic Senior High School Athirah Makassar. The research has been carried out during semester 1 of academic year 2015-2016. Data were obtained by the pre-test and post-test using essay test. Data were analysed using ANACOVA Test. The data analysis showed that learning strategy, academic ability, as well as interaction between learning strategy and academic ability affect the students’ critical thinking skills significantly. PDEODE learning strategy affects the students' critical thinking skills as much as 71.43% higher than conventional learning. High academic ability affects the students' critical thinking skills as much as 67.03% higher than the low academic ability. It is uncovered too that students with low academic in PDEODE class with high academic students in conventional class increase critical thinking skills in the same level. It means that PDEODE learning strategy could help the low academic student to increase their critical thinking skill. PDEODE learning strategy in high academic ability is best one to increase critical thinking skills.  Article visualizations

Kaji Banding Kesadaran Metakognitif Antara Para Siswa Dan Siswi Kelas Tinggi SD Di Bumi Raya, Morowali

Student competency development will be good, one of them is if student have metacognitive awareness. This reseach aims to determine: 1) student’s meta-cognitive awareness between high classes (4th, 5th, 6th) of elementary school in Bumi Raya Morowali; 2) metacognitive awareness between male and female students in high class of elementary school; 3) metacognitive awareness of male and female students between high classes in elementary school. This research is a comparative survey research. The instrument of the research is used MAI-Sraw and Denisson (1994) that modified suit for elemantary school students’s literacy skill. The respondents who have been involved are 134 students, respondents were selected using probability sampling technique. Also use inferencial parametric statistic (two way anova). This research results that: 1) Student’s metacognitive awareness of 4th grade is different, possessed lowest level than 5th grade and 6th grade. Student’s metacognitive awareness of 5th grade and 6th grade is not different each other. First concluded analysis that student’s metacognitive awareness between high classes of elementary school in Bumi Raya Morowali is different. 2) The metacognitive awareness between male and female students overall is not different. 3) Interaction between level of grade and gender on student’s metacognitive awareness are: the metacognitive awareness between male and female students of 4th grade also male students of 5th grade is not different; the metacognitive awareness between male and female students of 4th grade is different from male students of 6th grade, female students of 6th grade and female students of 5th grade; than the metacognitive awareness of male and female students of 5th grade with the metacognitive awareness of male and female students of 6th grade is not different. The recommendations for the next research are to apply longitudinal research and to add the the variabel’s research in order to get gradual describtion of student’s metacognitive awareness.Student competency development will be good, one of them is if student have metacognitive awareness. This reseach aims to determine: 1) student’s metacognitive awareness between high classes (4th, 5th, 6th) of elementary school in Bumi Raya Morowali; 2) metacognitive awareness between male and female students in high class of elementary school; 3) metacognitive awareness of male and female students between high classes in elementary school. This research is a comparative survey research. The instrument of the research is used MAI-Sraw and Denisson (1994) that modified suit for elemantary school students’s literacy skill. The respondents who have been involved are 134 students, respondents were selected using probability sampling technique. Also use inferencial parametric statistic (two way anova). This research results that: 1) Student’s metacognitive awareness of 4th grade is different, possessed lowest level than 5th grade and 6th grade. Student’s metacognitive awareness of 5th grade and 6th grade is not different each other. First concluded analysis that student’s metacognitive awareness between high classes of elementary school in Bumi Raya Morowali is different. 2) The metacognitive awareness between male and female students overall is not different. 3) Interaction between level of grade and gender on student’s metacognitive awareness are: the metacognitive awareness between male and female students of 4th grade also male students of 5th grade is not different; the metacognitive awareness between male and female students of 4th grade is different from male students of 6th grade, female students of 6th grade and female students of 5th grade; than the metacognitive awareness of male and female students of 5th grade with the metacognitive awareness of male and female students of 6th grade is not different

Comparison Between Correlation of Creative Thinking Skills and Learning Results, and Correlation of Creative Thinking Skills and Retention in the Implementation of Predict Observe Explain (POE) Learning Model in Senior High Schools in Malang, Indonesia

This correlational research was conducted in order to uncover the correlation between creative thinking skills and learning results, as well as between creative thinking skills and retention in the implementation of Predict Observe Explain (POE) learning model. The population of this research were students of Class X senior high schools in Malang, Indonesia, in the odd semester of 2017/2018 academic year. The sample used was F1 class students of Senior High School 5 Malang. The results of simple linear regression analysis show that creative thinking skills correlate with learning results through the implementation of POE learning model. The contribution of creative thinking skills toward learning results was as much as 32%. However, creative thinking skills do not correlate with students’ cognitive retention. Students may experience difficulties retrieving information stored in their memory because new knowledge is stored only in their short-term memory. Factors that might have caused this to occur are that students only learn in order to pass examinations. Learning is undertaken in order to obtain high exam scores and when students are forced to complete assignments, but they do not continue learning afterward

HUBUNGAN ANTARA BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN METAKOGNITIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA BIOLOGI DENGAN PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RWRS

Pembelajaran daring bukan suatu alasan untuk para pendidik tidak menggunakan suatu model pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran diterapkan dengan tujuan untuk melatih kemampuan berpikir salah satunya adalah keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif. Keterampilan abad 21 perlu dibelajarkan kepada peserta didik termasuk juga kepada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat adakah hubungan antara keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pendidikan biologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah penelitian korelasional yang melibatkan 64 mahasiswa semester 2. Data penelitian diambil menggunakan instrumen rubrik keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis dengan bantuan software aplikasi SPSS 23. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan ada hubungan positif antara keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif dengan hasil belajar mahasiswa dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001. Besar sumbangan relative keterampilan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan metakognitif dengan hasil belajar sebesar 21,5%. Besar sumbangan efektif keterampilan berpikir kritis 3,5% dan sumbangan efektif keterampilan metakognitif 18% terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pendidikan biologi. Adanya hubungan yang signifikan ini maka disarankan untuk para pendidik khususnya dosen mempertimbangan model RWRS agar diterapkan di pembelajaran agar mampu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis, keterampilan metakognitif dan hasil belajar mahasiswa

Potensi Strategi Problem-based Learning (PBL) Terintegrasi Reading Questioning And Answering (RQA) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Mahasiswa Berkemampuan Akademik Berbeda

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh PBL, RQA, PBLRQA, dan pembelajaran konvensional terhadap hasil belajar kognitif mahasiswa berkemampuan akademik berbeda pada perkuliahan Biologi Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretestposttest control group design. Hasil belajar kognitif diukur menggunakan tes essay. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial dengan anakova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) strategi pembelajaran dan kemampuan akademik berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kognitif. PBLRQA berpotensi meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif dibandingkan strategi lainnya, 2) hasil belajar kognitif mahasiswa berkemampuan akademik atas lebih tinggi daripada kemampuan akademik bawah, 3) interaksi antara strategi dengan kemampuan akademik tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kognitif. PBLRQA dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan strategi pembelajaran Biologi dan pembelajaran lainnya. Kata kunci: Problem-based learning, reading questioning answering, hasil belajar kognitif, kemampuan akademik, biologi dasa

The Comparison in Learning Styles between Natural Science Students of Junior High School and Biology Students of Senior High Schools in Malang

Learning styles, according to some experts, are divided into three types, namely auditory, kinesthetic, and visual. Many researches related to learning styles have been conducted by some researchers, but there has not been any research investigating the comparison between students’ learning styles at different class levels. This research is a qualitative research investigating the percentage of learning styles at different class levels. The research subjects were the students of class VII and class VIII of Junior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Malang, and the students of class X and class XI of Senior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the research showed that the comparison of the percentage of learning styles of auditory, kinesthetic, and visual in class VII was 36.67%, 30.00% and 33.33%, in class VIII 13.34%, 33.33% and 53.33%, in class X 31.58%, 23.68 %, and 44.74%, and in class XI 61.54%, 15.38% and 23.08%. The auditory, kinesthetic, and visual learning styles of junior high school students were 25.00%, 31.67% and 43.33% respectively, and those of senior high school students were 46.56%, 19.53% and 33.91% respectively. The auditory learning style of senior high school students is 86.20% higher than that of junior high school students, while the kinesthetic learning style was 62.13% lower than that of the junior high school students, and the visual learning style of senior high school students was also 27.78% lower than that of junior high school students. Further research on the learning styles of students at the other grade levels are still required, as well as in elementary school level to obtain more information related to students' learning styles

Efecto del cadmio sobre la concentración y expresión de la proteína TNF-α en el erizo marino Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal present in seawater, and can damage DNA, producing lipid peroxidation, and protein inactivation. Goals: This research aimed to investigate the effect of Cd on the concentration and expression of TNF-α protein in the Diadema setosum. Methods: This study was conducted for 4 weeks in the laboratory of Marine Conservation LIPI Ambon. Experimental Cd concentrations were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 μg/L. The experiment was conducted in 6 tanks (100 x 60 x 70 cm3) each one with 7 individuals of D. setosum as 7 biological replicates. The examination of activation and concentration of TNF-α was performed with immunohistochemical techniques as well as indirect ELISA and western blotting at the Laboratory of Medical Physiology of Brawijaya University. The data related to TNF-α protein concentrations were analyzed by one way ANOVA and a Duncan test (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed that Cd treatment significantly increased the levels of TNF α  protein. There is a linear relationship between Cd concentration and TNF-α protein levels. The level of the TNF- α  protein at the concentration of 12 μg/L Cd was the highest. Conclusions: The results of this research on the concentration and presence of TNF-α protein indicate that this approach could be implemented as a biomonitoring model of the exposure to Cd at the molecular level using D. setosum as bioindicator species in marine waters.Antecedentes: El cadmio (Cd) es un metal pesado toxico presente en el agua de mar y puede dañar el ADN, produciendo peroxidación de lípidos e inactivación de proteínas. Objetivos: Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto del Cd sobre la concentración y expresión de la proteína TNF-α en Diadema setosum. Métodos: Este estudio se realizó durante 4 semanas en el laboratorio de Conservación Marina LIPI Ambon. Las concentraciones experimentales de Cd fueron 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 y 12.0 μg/L. El experimento se realizó en 6 tanques (100 x 60 x 70 cm3) cada uno con 7 individuos de D. setosum, así como 7 réplicas biológicas. El examen de activación y concentración de TNF-α  se realizó con técnicas inmunohistoquimicas, así como ELISA indirecto y western blot en el Laboratorio de Fisiología Medica de la Universidad Brawijaya. Los datos relacionados con las concentraciones de proteína TNF-α se analizaron mediante ANOVA de una via y una prueba de Duncan (p <0,05). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento con Cd aumento significativamente los niveles de proteína TNF-α. Existe una relación lineal entre la concentración de Cd y los niveles de proteína TNF-α. El nivel de la proteína TNF-α  con la concentración de 12 μg/L de Cd fue el más alto. Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta investigación sobre la concentración y presencia de proteína TNF-α  indican que este enfoque podría implementarse como un modelo de biomonitoreo de la exposición al Cd a nivel molecular utilizando D. setosum como especie bioindicadora en aguas marinas

PENGARUH Paparan Berulang Ikan Berformalin TERHADAP GANGGUAN FUNGSIONAL HEPAR MENCIT

Formalin masih sering ditemukan terkandung dalam bahan makanan, sekalipun senyawa kimia ini telah dilarang penggunaannya sebagai bahan tambahan pangan. Paparan berulang dari bahan makanan berformalin diduga dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kerusakan struktur maupun gangguan fungsional hepar. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan berulang ikan berformalin terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT hewan coba mencit (Mus musculus). Kadar SGOT dan SGPT dalam serum mencit ditentukan dengan alat Cobas Mira® Automatic Analyzer. Data SGOT dan SGPT dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dua arah dengan variabel bebas yaitu faktor perlakuan dan faktor waktu. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan formaldehida baik dalam bentuk senyawa tunggal maupun campuran dengan daging ikan dapat meningkatkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT. Berdasarkan faktor waktu, kadar SGOT dan SGPT sudah mengalami peningkatan bahkan pada hari ke-2 setelah pemaparan berulang. Kata Kunci: Ikan berformalin, paparan berulang, SGOT, SGPT, dan hepar mencit