Alteraciones del sueño y medidas antropométricas en estudiantes universitarios chilenos

Introduction: To compare sleep habits, insomnia and daytime sleepiness in university students according to anthropometrics measures.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on university students using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia severity index. In addition, anthropometric variables were determined; weight, height and waist circumference.Results: We evaluated 1275 university students (74% female). Students on average slept at midnight and slept on average 6.4 hours, 77.9% sleep less than recommended, 34.2% had daytime somnolence and 68.5% had insomnia. Regarding insomnia, it was observed that the low weight group presented the highest insomnia score that significantly contrasted with the normal weight group (p=0.04). In the case of daytime sleepiness when comparing by nutritional status, it was observed that obese students are the ones with the greatest daytime somnolence (p <0.05). Finally, there is an association between fewer sleep hours with higher BMI (OR: 1.12 (95% CI 1.01-1.991)) and presence of insomnia (OR: 2.734 (95% CI: 1.324-5.645).Conclusion: University students sleep less than recommended, have a high prevalence of insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, in addition, it is obese women who present this alteration more frequently and the highest insomnia score is identified in underweight students. Both a high BMI and insomnia are associated with short-term sleep.Introducción: El objetivo del estudio es comparar los hábitos de sueño, el insomnio y la somnolencia diurna en estudiantes universitarios según las medidas antropométricas.Material y métodos: Diseño del estudio: un estudio transversal, se llevó a cabo en estudiantes universitarios utilizando la escala de somnolencia de Epworth, el índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y el índice de severidad del insomnio. Además, se determinaron las variables antropométricas; peso, altura y circunferencia de la cintura.Resultados: Fueron evaluados 1275 estudiantes universitarios (74% mujeres). Los estudiantes en promedio dormían a la medianoche y en promedio 6,4 horas, el 77,9% dormía menos de lo recomendado, el 34,2% tenía somnolencia diurna y el 68,5% tenía insomnio. Con respecto al insomnio, se observó que el grupo de bajo peso presentaba la puntuación más alta de insomnio que contrastaba significativamente con el grupo de peso normal (p = 0,04). En el caso de la somnolencia diurna al comparar por IMC, se observa que los estudiantes con obesidad son las que presentan la mayor somnolencia (p <0.01). Hay una asociación entre menos horas de sueño con mayor IMC (OR: 1,12 (IC95%1,01-1,991)) y presencia de insomnio (OR: 2,734 (IC95%:1,324-5,645).Conclusión: los estudiantes universitarios duermen menos de lo recomendado, tienen una alta prevalencia de insomnio y somnolencia diurna excesiva, además, son las mujeres con obesidad presentan esta alteración con mayor frecuencia y se identifica el puntaje más alto de insomnio en estudiantes con bajo peso. Tanto un IMC elevado como el insomnio se asocian a sueño de corta cantidad

Edulcorantes no calóricos, buenos o malos que dice la evidencia

VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Nutrición. ¿Nutrición basada en la videncia o en la evidencia

Evolución de la lactancia materna exclusiva en Chile entre 2011 y 2015: ¿influyó el Permiso Postnatal Parental?

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EB) at the sixth month of life in Chile in 2012 was 43%, despite campaigns to increase this prevalence. In 2011, a law related to work leave was approved to increase the prevalence of EB after 6 months. The objective of this work was to determine the evolution of EB in Chile between 2011 and 2015. Material and methods: Ecological study with data from the Departamento de Estadísticas e Información of the Ministry of Health of Chile (2,444,426 infants from 2011 to 2015). The prevalence of EB was determined in the first month of life, at 3, 6 and 12 months. The differences between mothers who did or did not enjoy the leave and the reasons for EB cessation at 6 months in 2013 were explored. Results: The prevalence of EB at first (74%), third (67%) and sixth month (53%) was similar to previous years. In EB at 6 months there was a significant increase of 12 points between 2011 and 2015. In addition, women with paid maternity leave were more likely to give EBL at the 6th month and the main reasons that led to stop EB at 6 months were that the infant was left hungry (27.2%), problems in the nipple (14.7%) and start of work or student activities (10.4%). Conclusions: There is an increase in the EB at the 6th month of life by 12 percentage points between 2011 and 2015, although this increase did not occur until 2014. The EB at 6 months is higher in women who access to the benefits of the law. The increase would be related to the fulfilment of a health goal and financial incentives to primary health care teams in those years and not to the law implemented.Introducción: La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) al sexto mes de vida en Chile en 2012 era del 43%, a pesar de las campañas para aumentar esta prevalencia. En 2011 se aprobó una ley ligada a permisos laborales para incrementar la prevalencia de LME a los 6 meses. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la evolución de la lactancia materna exclusiva en Chile entre 2011 y 2015.Material y métodos: Estudio ecológico con datos del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información del Ministerio de Salud de Chile (2.444.426 lactantes desde 2011 a 2015). Se determinó la prevalencia de LME en el primer mes de vida, a los 3, 6 y 12 meses. Se exploraron las diferencias entre madres que disfrutaban o no de los permisos y los motivos sobre el cese de la LME a los 6 meses en 2013.Resultados: La prevalencia de LME al primer (74%), tercer (67%) y sexto mes (53%) fue similar a los años anteriores. En la LME a los 6 meses se observó un incremento significativo de 12 puntos entre 2011 y 2015. Además, las mujeres con permisos remunerados tuvieron más probabilidad de dar LME en el mes 6 y los principales motivos que llevaron a cesar la LME a los 6 meses fueron que el lactante se quedaba con hambre (27,2%), problemas en el pezón (14,7%) e inicio de actividades laborales o estudiantiles (10,4%).Conclusiones: Existe un incremento de la LME al 6º mes de vida en 12 puntos porcentuales entre 2011 y 2015, aunque este incremento no ocurre hasta 2014. La LME a los 6 meses es mayor en mujeres que acceden a los beneficios de la ley. El incremento tendría relación con el cumplimiento de una meta sanitaria e incentivos económicos a los equipos de atención primaria de salud en esos años y no a la ley implementada

Motivación para el cambio de conducta en la compra de alimentos con sellos de advertencia en Chile, medido a través de las variables importancia y confianza autopercibida

VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Nutrición. ¿Nutrición basada en la videncia o en la evidencia

Patrón de sueño, estado nutricional e ingesta dietética en agentes de seguridad de la Ciudad de Panamá: Un estudio transversal

Introduction: Altered sleep pattern, diet, and nutritional status in security officers with rotating work schedules was a topic not studied in Panama City. The study aims to evaluate the sleep pattern, nutritional status, and dietary intake of security agents in Panama City.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with 130 security agents and firefighters in Panama City, conducted from March to December 2019. Sociodemographic evaluation questionnaires (sex, age, provenance, pathological history, among others), insomnia measures were applied using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Anthropometry, weight, height, and waist circumference were used for nutritional status; and dietary intake through a 24-hour recall. Overweight was considered when the body mass index (BMI) was ≥25 kg/m2, obesity of ≥30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity when the waist was ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men.Results: 130 subjects were evaluated, mean age of 38.9 (9.4) years (96.6% male). Median and (interquartile range) for energy is 2310 (1764 - 3056) kcal/d, for % of fiber adequacy is 50.8 (30.4 – 78.8) %, calcium of 39.9 (22.7 – 62.7)%, vitamin C of 39.4 (11.5 – 118.5)%, and, vitamin A of 38.0 (16.5 – 66.2). The central obesity proportion is 44.6%; 85.4% with overweight, and 53.9% with obesity; 19.2% report insomnia; 94.6% drowsiness; 43.1% reported difficulty to sleep; and 56.9% reported sleep less than 7 hours a day.Conclusions: High proportion of overweight and obesity by BMI; and abdominal obesity according to waist circumference. In addition to alterations in the quality of sleep. The diet is excessive in calories, fat, and carbohydrates and deficient in vitamin C, vitamin A, calcium, and fiber.Introducción: La alteración del patrón de sueño, la alimentación y el estado nutricional en los agentes de seguridad con turnos rotativos era un tema no estudiado en la Ciudad de Panamá. El objetivo fueevaluar el patrón de sueño, estado nutricional y la ingesta dietética en agentes de seguridad de la Ciudad de Panamá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en 130 agentes de seguridad y bomberos en la Ciudad de Panamá, realizado de marzo a diciembre de 2019. Se aplicó cuestionarios de evaluación sociodemográfica (sexo, edad, procedencia, antecedentes patológicos, entre otros), medidas de insomnio, escala de somnolencia de Epworth y cuestionario de Pittsburg de calidad de sueño. Para el estado nutricional se usó antropometría, peso talla y circunferencia de la cintura; y la ingesta mediante recordatorio de 24 horas. Se consideró exceso de peso cuando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue ≥25 kg/m2, obesidad de ≥30 kg/m2, y obesidad abdominal cuando la cintura fue ≥88 en mujeres y ≥102 en hombres. Resultados: Se evaluaron 130 sujetos, edad media de 38,9 (9,4) años (96,6% masculino). Mediana (rango intercuartílico) para energía es 2310 (1764 – 3056) kcal/d, para % adecuación de fibra es 50,8 (30,4 – 78,8)%, calcio de 39,9 (22,7 – 62,7)%; vitamina C de 39,4 (11,5 – 118,5)% y vitamina A de 38,0 (16,5 – 66,2)%. La proporción de obesidad abdominal es 44,6%; exceso de peso de 85,4%; y, obesidad de 53,9%; el 19,2% reporta insomnio; 94,6% somnolencia; 43,1%; presentan dificultad para dormir; y 56,9% duerme menos de 7 horas al día. Conclusiones: Alta proporción de exceso de peso y obesidad por IMC; y obesidad abdominal según perímetro de cintura. Además de alteraciones en la calidad del sueño. La dieta es excesiva en calorías, grasas y carbohidratos y deficiente en vitamina C, vitamina A, calcio y fibra

Effect of Oral Nutritional Supplements with Sucromalt and Isomaltulose versus Standard Formula on Glycaemic Index, Entero-Insular Axis Peptides and Subjective Appetite in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Cross-Over Study

Oral diabetes-specific nutritional supplements (ONS-D) induce favourable postprandial responses in subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM2), but they have not been correlated yet with incretin release and subjective appetite (SA). This randomised, double-blind, cross-over study compared postprandial e ects of ONS-D with isomaltulose and sucromalt versus standard formula (ET) on glycaemic index (GI), insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and SA in 16 individuals with DM2. After overnight fasting, subjects consumed a portion of supplements containing 25 g of carbohydrates or reference food. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min; and SA sensations were assessed by a visual analogue scale on separate days. Glycaemic index values were low for ONS-D and intermediate for ET (p < 0.001). The insulin area under the curve (AUC0–180 min) (p < 0.02) and GIP AUC (p < 0.02) were lower after ONS-D and higher GLP-1 AUC when compared with ET (p < 0.05). Subjective appetite AUC was greater after ET than ONS-D (p < 0.05). Interactions between hormones, hunger, fullness and GI were found, but not within the ratings of SA; isomaltulose and sucromalt may have influenced these factor

Perfil antropométrico de deportistas paralímpicos de élite chilenos

Introduction: Sport is one of the most popular social events worldwide. It becomes interesting to characterize its practitioners, even more in some poorly studied groups such as Paralympic athletes. The main objective of this study is to determine the anthropometric profile of Chilean Elite Paralympic Athletes (CEPA) through body composition and somatotype.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 41 subjects (93%) of the classified to the Para-Panamerican Games Toronto 2015, who practiced table tennis (n=6), football 5 (n=11), swimming (n=8), rugby (n=7), powerlifting (n=6) and wheelchair tennis (n=3). The body composition and somatotype were assessed through the protocol described by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK).Results: The CEPA reach an average for that classifies somatotype mostly as meso-endomorphic (5.3 - 7.8 - 0.5), a BMI of 27.4 kg/m2, and body composition for fat mass reaches 29.8% in women and 25.7% in men, while muscle mass gain 42.6% (women) and 44.5% (men).Conclusions: The CEPA have a somatotype profile that classifies mostly as meso-endomorphic, body composition has a predominance muscle mass and high fat mass, although is similar to other Paralympics athletes.Introducción: El deporte es una de las manifestaciones sociales más populares a nivel mundial, por lo que caracterizar a sus practicantes se vuelve interesante, más aún, en grupos de la población poco estudiados como son los deportistas paralímpicos. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el perfil antropométrico de deportistas paralímpicos de élite chilenos (DEPEC) a través de la composición corporal y el somatotipo.Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 41 sujetos (93% de los clasificados a los Juegos Para-Panamericanos de Toronto 2015), quienes practicaban tenis de mesa (n=6), fútbol 5 (n=11), natación (n=8), rugby (n=7), powerlifting (n=6) y tenis silla (n=3). Las variables de composición corporal y somatotipo fueron evaluadas a través del protocolo descrito por la Sociedad Internacional para el avance de la Cineantropometría (ISAK).Resultados: Los DEPEC alcanzan una media para el somatotipo que los clasifica mayormente como meso-endomorfos (5,3 - 7,8 - 0,5), un IMC de 27,4 kg/m2 y su composición corporal alcanza para la masa adiposa un 29,8% en mujeres y 25,7% en varones, mientras que para la masa muscular obtienen un 42,6% (mujeres) y 44,5% (varones).Conclusiones: Los DEPEC presentan un perfil somatotípico que los clasifica mayormente como meso-endomorfos, su composición corporal presenta predominancia de la masa muscular y una elevada masa grasa, que si bien alta, es similar a otros deportistas paralímpicos

Effect of healthy and unhealthy habits on obesity: a multicentric study

Our aim was to characterize and compare eating patterns of university students in Chile, by sex and body weight, body mass index, and nutritional status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. University students (n = 1454) of Chile were evaluated. A self-assessment survey was used to evaluate healthy eating habits using a questionnaire with values between 1 (do not consume) and 5 (consume) for a total of 9 to 45 points (higher values represent better eating habits). Unhealthy habits were assessed with six questions, including consumption of sugary soft drinks, alcohol, fried foods, fast food, and snacks and adding salt to foods without tasting first. Results: Obese students had a lower consumption of healthy foods (P < 0.05) compared with normal weight participants. Underweight male participants had higher unhealthy food consumption (P < 0.05) and obese women had the lowest score (P < 0.05). Protective factors for being overweight/obese were included (odds ratio [OR] = 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–0.8), consumption of ≥2 servings of vegetables (OR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.4–0.7). Risk factors included consumption (more than 1 cup a day) of sugary soft drinks (OR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.1) and male sex (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.4). Conclusion: The consumption of vegetables and belonging to an undergraduate program in health sciences at a university contributed to protection against for obesity. On the other hand, male sex and consumption of sugary drinks were found to be risk factors for obesit

New insights on the role of connexins and Gap Junctions Channels in adipose tissue and Obesity

Due to the inability to curb the excessive increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, it is necessary to comprehend in more detail the factors involved in the pathophysiology and to appreciate more clearly the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of obesity. Thus, understanding the biological regulation of adipose tissue is of fundamental relevance. Connexin, a protein that forms intercellular membrane channels of gap junctions and unopposed hemichannels, plays a key role in adipogenesis and in the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. The expression and function of Connexin 43 (Cx43) during the different stages of the adipogenesis are differentially regulated. Moreover, it has been shown that cell–cell communication decreases dramatically upon differentiation into adipocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of Cx43 degradation or constitutive overexpression of Cx43 blocks adipocyte differentiation. In the first events of adipogenesis, the connexin is highly phosphorylated, which is likely associated with enhanced Gap Junction (GJ) communication. In an intermediate state of adipocyte differentiation, Cx43 phosphorylation decreases, as it is displaced from the membrane and degraded through the proteasome; thus, Cx43 total protein is reduced. Cx is involved in cardiac disease as well as in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. Different studies suggest that obesity together with a high-fat diet are related to the production of remodeling factors associated with expression and distribution of Cx43 in the atrium

Glycemic Index Trends and Clinical Implications: Where Are We Going?

Glycemic index (GI) is currently consideredas an alternative system thatclassifies food according to the carbohydratequality (CHO), measuring its absorption speed;meanwhile, glycemic load GL is a more recent termthat relates the quality and quantity of the CHO pergram of the usual consumption portion. Glycemic indexand glycemic load reduce the post-prandial glycemicimpact without the total restriction of CHO in thediet. Initially, GI was used only in patients with diabetes,currently it is also considered as a risk indicator inother pathologies. However, there is great controversydue to an inaccurate interpretation of the knowledgeabout the methodology used for its determination.The aim of this review is to elucidate this currentdebate and to expand the relationship between the GIand the risk of diabetes and other chronic diseases;thus, highlighting new prospects for its applicability inthe dietary intervention for diabetic athletes and in theproduction of functional food designed for patients withdiabetes. There is strong evidence that this indicatorhas become an innovative system for various multidisciplinaryhealth programs