Aktivität und Vorkommen geflügelter Blattläuse auf Freilandpaprika in Spanien

Horizontal mosaic-green-tile traps were placed in various pepper-growing areas of Spain: Aranjuez and Arganda del Rey (Madrid), Balboa (Badajoz), Cadreita (Pamplona), Mendavia and Sartaguda (Logroño), Montañana (Zaragoza), Pueblo Nuevo (Valencia) and Torrepacheco (Murcia). These mosaic-greentraps resembled much better the pepper canopy than the commonly used yellow water traps, as indicated by absorbance spectrophotometry. Sampling was extended throughout the pepper crop cycle during 1990, 1991 and 1992. Over that time, 14,363 aphids, belonging to 99 species/taxa were captured. Aphis was the principal genus captured: 57.5 % of the total (17 % belonging to the species Aphis fabae (Scopoli)). Other abundant species were: Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) (7.46 %), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (5.23 %), Brachycaudus spp. (3.73 %), Sitobion avenae (F.) (2.51 %), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (2.46 %), Rhopalosiphum spp. (2.20 %) and Therioaphis spp. (1.99 %). The species included in the genus Aphis were the most abundant in all the regions sampled, although M. (N.) persicae was also predominant in the Zaragoza and Pamplona region, and D. noxia was frequently found in the Madrid region. A first aphid peak was observed soon after transplanting (May–June) in most of the regions and years sampled.Horizontale mosaikgrüne Farbfallen wurden in verschiedenen Paprika-Anbaugebieten in Spanien aufgestellt: Aranjuez und Arganda del Rey (Madrid), Balbao (Badajoz), Cadreita (Pamplona), Mendavia und Sartaguda (Logroño), Montañana (Zaragoza), Pueblo Nuevo (Valencia) und Torrepacheco (Murcia). Diese mosaikgrünen Fallen ähnelten sehr viel besser den Farben des Paprikabestandes als die üblicherweise eingesetzten gelben Wasserfallen wie durch Absorptionsspektrometrie festgestellt wurde. Die Probennahmen erfolgten während der ganzen Wachstumsphasen des Paprikas in den Jahren 1990, 1991 und 1992. In diesen Zeiträumen konnten 14363 Blattläuse gefangen werden, die 99 Arten/Taxa angehörten. Die Gattung Aphis wurde mit 57,5 % am häufigsten gefangen, 17 % gehörten zur Art Aphis fabae (Scopoli). Andere häufig vorkommende Arten waren: Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) (7,46 %), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (5,23 %), Brachycaudus spp. (3,73 %), Sitobion avenae (F.) (2,51 %), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (2,46 %), Rhopalosiphum spp. (2,20 %) und Therioaphis spp. (1,99 %). Die zur Gattung Aphis gehörenden Arten waren in allen beprobten Regionen am häufigsten, obgleich M. (N.) persicae in den Regionen Zaragoza und Pamplona auch sehr häufig vorkam. D. noxia trat häufig in der Madrider Region auf. Ein erster Höhehoug punkt des Blattlausaufretens wurde in den meisten Regionen und Jahren schon bald nach dem Auspflanzen (Mai–Juni) beobachtet.This work was supported by the Interministerial Commision for Science and Technology of Spain (Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, grant AGR91-0448)..Peer reviewe

Detection of Broken Rotor Bars in Nonlinear Startups of Inverter-Fed Induction Motors

[EN] Fault detection in induction motors powered by inverters operating in nonstationary regimes remains a challenge. The trajectory in the time-frequency plane of harmonics related to broken rotor bar develops very in proximity to the path described by the fundamental component. In addition, their energy is much lower than the amplitude of the first harmonic. These two characteristics make it challenging to observe them. The Dragon Transform (DT), here presented, is developed to overcome the described problem. In this article, the DT is assessed with nonlinear inverter-fed startups, where its high time and frequency resolutions facilitate the monitoring of fault harmonics even with highly adjacent trajectories to the first harmonic path.Fernández-Cavero, V.; Pons Llinares, J.; Duque-Perez, O.; Morinigo-Sotelo, D. (2021). Detection of Broken Rotor Bars in Nonlinear Startups of Inverter-Fed Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 57(3):2559-2568. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2021.30663172559256857

A comparison of techniques for fault detection in inverter-fed induction motors in transient regime

"(c) 2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works."[EN] Fault detection in induction motors operating in non-stationary regimes has become a need in today's industry. Most of the works published deal with line-fed motors. Nevertheless, the number of inverterfed induction motors has significantly increased in recent years. Therefore, several fault detection techniques have been proposed lately for this type of motors, based mainly on an adequate input signal processing to obtain fault signatures in the time-frequency domain. In this paper, a comparison of time-frequency techniques applied to fault detection in inverter-fed induction motors in a transient state is presented. For that purpose, the techniques are applied to two current signals acquired from two induction motors with two types of faults: bar breakage and mixed eccentricity. The paper shows the particularities and special difficulties of diagnosing under this type of feeding, reviewing the works related to each technique. The strengths and weaknesses of these techniques are discussed with the goal of providing a criterion for its application in an industrial environment and guidance for future developments in this field.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and in part by the FEDER program in the framework of the Proyectos I+D del Subprograma de Generacion de Conocimiento, Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnica de Excelencia under Grant DPI2014-52842-P.Fernandez-Cavero, V.; Morinigo-Sotelo, D.; Duque-Perez, O.; Pons Llinares, J. (2017). A comparison of techniques for fault detection in inverter-fed induction motors in transient regime. IEEE Access. 5:8048-8063. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2702643S80488063

INCORPORACIÓN DE SISTEMAS MULTI-AGENTES EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE LA CULTURA E HISTORIA DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA

Este artículo plantea una forma de aprendizaje de la cultura e historia de Santa Marta, haciendo uso de técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial para crear un STI (Sistema Tutorial Inteligente) en el tema, que pueda adaptarse a los diferentes perfiles de usuarios y estilos de aprendizaje. Se muestra una aproximación metodológica y la estructura organizacional planteada para el modelo del usuario, teniendo en cuenta que ésta es la primera forma de adaptación del sistema. Los Sistemas Multi-Agentes es la técnica de Inteligencia Artificial que brinda la posibilidad de adaptación a los perfiles de usuario (estudiantes y turistas) además de los estilos de aprendizaje. Se pretende otorgar gran importancia al rol del turista el cual es muy importante en la ciudad de Santa Marta (distrito turístico, cultural e histórico), brindándole la posibilidad de aprender sobre la ciudad y ejercer turismo cultura en la misma, generando así una interacción dinámica entre el sistema y los usuarios (estudiantes y turistas), facilitando el proceso de aprendizaje por parte de los alumnos, así como la exploración cultural por parte de los turistas en la ciudad de Santa Marta

Evaluation of Load Velocity Profiles with Varying Warm-up Sets and Relative Intensities

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 971-979, 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the number of warm-up sets and relative intensity impacts the prediction of velocity-based one-repetition maximum (1RM) values. Twenty resistance-trained individuals (males: n = 10, females: n = 10) participated in this study. Warm-up sets consisted of subject’s bench-pressing loads at 50 (five-repetitions), 70 (three-repetitions), and 90% (one-repetition) of estimated 1RM. A maximum of four attempts were performed to determine 1RM, while recording mean concentric velocity (MCV)using a linear position transducer during warm-up and 1RM trials in order to develop load-velocity profiles. Specifically, four different velocity-based 1RM equations (EQ) were developed from the warm-up sets of 50, 70, and 90% (MCV-EQ1), 50 and 90% (MCV-EQ2), 70 and 90% (MCV-EQ3), and 50 and 70% (MCV-EQ4). Constant error (CE) for the MCV prediction equations were not statistically significant for any comparisons (CEs = 0.80 to 2.96kg, all p \u3e 0.05). Correlation coefficients between the MCV prediction methods and measured 1RM were near perfect for all comparisons (r ≥ 0.98, all p \u3c 0.001). The standard error of estimate (SEE) and 95% limits of agreement (LOAs) were lowest for MCV-EQ1 (7.86 kg and ± 15.00 kg, respectively) and slightly higher for MCV-EQ3 (9.24 kg and 17.74 kg, respectively). Nonetheless, SEEs and 95% LOAs for MCV-EQ2 (8.10 kg and ± 15.55kg, respectively) and MCV-EQ4 (8.38 kg and ± 16.08 kg, respectively) were similar as MCV-EQ1. Current study results indicated that an additional warm-up set only slightly increases the accuracy of velocity-based 1RM estimations. Furthermore, larger differences in relative intensity will help produce slightly more accurate 1RM values

The origin of the Acheulean: the 1.7 million-year-old site of FLK West, Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)

The appearance of the Acheulean is one of the hallmarks of human evolution. It represents the emergence of a complex behavior, expressed in the recurrent manufacture of large-sized tools, with standardized forms, implying more advance forethought and planning by hominins than those required by the precedent Oldowan technology. The earliest known evidence of this technology dates back to c. 1.7 Ma. and is limited to two sites (Kokiselei [Kenya] and Konso [Ethiopia]), both of which lack fauna. The functionality of these earliest Acheulean assemblages remains unknown. Here we present the discovery of another early Acheulean site also dating to c. 1.7 Ma from Olduvai Gorge. This site provides evidence of the earliest steps in developing the Acheulean technology and is the oldest Acheulean site in which stone tools occur spatially and functionally associated with the exploitation of fauna. Simple and elaborate large-cutting tools (LCT) and handaxes co-exist at FLK West, showing that complex cognition was present from the earliest stages of the Acheulean. Here we provide a detailed technological study and evidence of the use of these tools on the butchery and consumption of fauna, probably by early Homo erectus sensu lato

Wind Resource Assessment on Puna Island

Puna Island, located in the Pacific Ocean off the southern coast of Ecuador, has a population of approximately 3344 inhabitants. However, not all inhabitants have access to electricity, which is largely supplied by diesel generators. Therefore, to identify a renewable, sustainable, environmentally friendly and low-cost alternative, a 40-m-high anemometer tower was installed for wind resource assessment and to determine the possibility of generating electricity from wind energy. Based on mathematical models for electricity generation from wind energy, data were analyzed using the software Windographer and WAsP, to determine a long-term wind speed of 4.8 m/s and a mean wind power density of 272 W/m(2). By simulating the use of a 3.3-MW wind turbine, we demonstrated that as much as 800 kWh could be generated during the hours when the wind reaches its highest speed. In addition to demonstrating the technical feasibility of meeting the electricity demands of Puna Island through wind power, this study exemplifies a method that can be used for wind resource assessment in any location

Clinical and hospitalisation predictors of COVID-19 in the first month of the pandemic, Portugal

COVID-19 mainly presents as a respiratory disease with flu-like symptoms, however, recent findings suggest that non-respiratory symptoms can occur early in the infection and cluster together in different groups in different regions. We collected surveillance data among COVID-19 suspected cases tested in mainland Portugal during the first wave of the pandemic, March-April 2020. A multivariable logistic-regression analysis was performed to ascertain the effects of age, sex, prior medical condition and symptoms on the likelihood of testing positive and hospitalisation. Of 25,926 COVID-19 suspected cases included in this study, 5,298 (20%) tested positive. Symptoms were grouped into ten clusters, of which two main ones: one with cough and fever and another with the remainder. There was a higher odds of a positive test with increasing age, myalgia and headache. The odds of being hospitalised increased with age, presence of fever, dyspnoea, or having a prior medical condition although these results varied by region. Presence of cough and other respiratory symptoms did not predict COVID-19 compared to non-COVID respiratory disease patients in any region. Dyspnoea was a strong determinant of hospitalisation, as well as fever and the presence of a prior medical condition, whereas these results varied by region.The author(s) received no specific funding for this work