Analysis of Trace Volatile Compounds Emitted from Flat Ground and Formed Bed Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation in Strawberry Field Trials on California’s Central Coast

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is emerging globally as an alternative to fumigant pesticides. To investigate ASD mechanisms, we monitored microbially produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other volatile gases in situ using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Study plots infested with Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, and/or Verticillium dahliae included: organic flat ground (fASD, 6.7 + 13.5 megagrams per hectare, Mg/ha, rice bran/broccoli) and uncovered soil treated with mustard seed meal (MSM, 3.4 Mg/ha) at one site performed in fall of 2018; formed bed (bASD, 20 Mg/harice bran), control (UTC) and fumigant (FUM) at a second field site in fall of 2019 and 2021. Here, we present VOC diversity and temporal distribution. fASD generated 39 VOCs and GHGS, including known pathogen suppressors: dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and n-butylamine. bASD produced 17 VOCs and greenhouses gases (GHGs), 12 of which were also detected in fASD but in greater concentrations. Plant mortality and wilt score (fASD: 3.75% ± 4.79%, 2.8 ± 0.8; MSM: 6.25% ± 12.50%, 2.7 ± 0.3; bASD: 61.27% ± 11.26%, 4.1 ± 0.5; FUM: 13.89% ± 7.17%, 2.3 ± 0.2; UTC: 76.63% ± 25.11%, 4.3 ± 1.0) were significantly lower for fASD and MSM versus bASD and UTC (p \u3c 0.05). Only FUM was not statistically different from fASD and MSM, and was significantly lower than UTC and bASD (bASD-FUM, p \u3c 0.05; UTC-FUM, p \u3c 0.05). The cumulative strawberry yield from bASD-treated plots was not different from FUM or UTC (bASD: 60.3 ± 13.6; FUM: 79.4 ± 9.19; UTC: 42.9 ± 12.4 Mg/ha). FUM yield was significantly greater than UTC (p = 0.005). These results, and to a far greater extent, additional challenges faced during both bASD trials, suggest that bASD is not as effective or as feasible at maintaining overall plant health as fASD or traditional fumigants. However, differences in management practices and environmental conditions at both sites across years cannot be fully excluded from consideration and many of our observations remain qualitative in nature

Crystal Structure And Physical Properties Of Gd3co 4sn13 Intermetallic Antiferromagnet

We have synthesized single crystalline samples of Gd3 Co4 Sn13 intermetallic compound using a Sn-flux method. This compound crystallizes with a cubic Yb3 Co4 Sn13 -type structure, space group Pm-3n, which has 40 atoms per unit cell. Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, electrical resistivity, and electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed that Gd3 Co4 Sn13 is a metallic Curie-Weiss paramagnet at high temperature and presents an antiferromagnetic ordering below TN =14.5 K. In the paramagnetic state, a single Gd3+ ESR line with a nearly temperature independent g∼2.005 (2) is observed, and its linewidth follows a Korringa-like behavior as a function of temperature. From the Korringa rate (ΔHΔT∼4 OeK) and g -shift (Δg∼0.012) obtained from the ESR experiments combined with the magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data for Gd3 Co4 Sn13, we have extracted the exchange parameters between the Gd3+ local moments and the conduction-electrons (c-e) in this compound. This exchange parameter Jfs ≈10 meV was found to be c-e wave-vector independent and the electronic structure of Gd3 Co4 Sn13 has a single band character. © 2006 American Institute of Physics.998Remeika, J.P., (1980) Solid State Commun., 34, p. 923Remeika, J.P., (1982) Solid State Commun., 42, p. 97Sato, H., (1993) Physica B, 188, p. 630Hundley, M.F., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, p. 024401Israel, C., (2005) Physica B, 359-361, p. 251Cornelius, A., Physica BPagliuso, P.G., (2001) Phys. Rev. B, 63, p. 054426Granado, E., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 69, p. 144411Davidov, D., Maki, K., Orbach, R., Rettori, C., Chock, E.P., (1973) Solid State Commun., 12, p. 621Feher, G., Kip, A.F., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 337. , 0031-899X 10.1103/PhysRev.98.337Dyson, F.J., (1955) Phys. Rev., 98, p. 349Yosida, K., (1957) Phys. Rev., 106, p. 893Korringa, J., (1950) Physica (Amsterdam), 16, p. 601Rettori, C., Kim, H.M., Chock, E.P., Davidov, D., (1974) Phys. Rev. B, 10, p. 1826Abragam, A., Bleaney, B., (1970) EPR of Transition Ions, , Clarendon, OxfordMoriya, T., (1963) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 18, p. 516Narath, A., (1967) Phys. Rev., 163, p. 232Pagliuso, P.G., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60, p. 13515Bittar, E.M.

Ongoing monkeypox virus outbreak, Portugal, 29 April to 23 May 2022

Up to 27 May 2022, Portugal has detected 96 confirmed cases of monkeypox. We describe 27 confirmed cases (median age: 33 years (range: 22–51); all males), with an earliest symptom onset date of 29 April. Almost all cases (n = 25) live in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley health region. Most cases were neither part of identified transmission chains, nor linked to travel or had contact with symptomatic persons or with animals, suggesting the possible previously undetected spread of monkeypox.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Floristic composition and community structure of epiphytic angiosperms in a terra firme forest in central Amazonia

This survey aimed to describe the floristic composition and structure of the epiphytic community occurring in a terra firme forest in the city of Coari, Brazil, in the Amazon region. Data collection was performed with a 1.5 ha plot method, with which upland, slope and lowland habitats were sampled. All angiosperm epiphytes and their host plants (diameter at breast height > 10 cm) were sampled. We recorded 3.528 individuals in 13 families, 48 genera and 164 species. Araceae was the most prevalent family with regard to the importance value and stood out in all related parameters, followed by Bromeliaceae, Cyclanthaceae and Orchidaceae. The species with the highest epiphytic importance values were Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez. and Philodendron linnaei Kunth. The predominant life form was hemiepiphytic. Estimated floristic diversity was 3.2 (H'). The studied epiphytic community was distributed among 727 host plants belonging to 40 families, 123 genera and 324 species. One individual of Guarea convergens T.D. Penn. was the host with the highest richness and abundance of epiphytes. Stems/trunks of host plants were the most colonized segments, and the most favorable habitat for epiphytism was the lowlands, where 84.1% of species and 48.2% of epiphytic specimens were observed

Visualization multi-instance data sets [Visualización de conjuntos de datos de múltiples instancias]

In pattern recognition, multiple-instance learning algorithms have gained importance since they avoid that the user must delimit, the images individually in order to recognize the objects. This is an advantage over traditional learning algorithms since these considerably reduce the time required to prepare the data set. However, a disadvantage is that the resulting data sets are often complex, making it difficult to visualize them using traditional information visualization techniques. Thus, this work proposes a tool for the visualization and analysis of data sets of the multi-instance learning paradigm. The visualization proposal was evaluated using the expert criteria. In addition, different tests were carried out that show that a correct visualization can help to make decisions about the data set to improve the classification precision. © 2020, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved