Osteopathic academic heritage of OSU-COM

BACKGROUND: In 1892, Dr. Andrew Taylor Still founded the field of Osteopathic Medicine by publishing The Philosophy and Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy when his philosophy of holistic medicine and tenets of osteopathic medicine became practice. Today in 2020 osteopathic physicians find their profession threatened by single accreditation and a decrease in the number of physicians incorporating Osteopathic Principles and Practices (OPP) in their patient care, despite rising numbers of osteopathic graduates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteopathic ancestry of instructors and graduates at Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine (OSU-COM) in order to unite past, current, and future graduates with their academic heritage in an effort to preserve a portion of the practice of osteopathic medicine.METHODS: Direct survey of current OSU-COM Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) faculty and their mentors was used to obtain the majority of data. Data was gathered in person, over the phone, and by email. Additional gratitude is provided to Dr. Amelia McConaghy for supplying information on the earlier generations of osteopaths. Once the information was collected, it was consolidated and simplified into a diagram styled after genealogical trees to visually demonstrate the generational connections.RESULTS: It was demonstrated that current OSU-COM students and graduates since 1993 are directly linked to the personal instruction of A.T. Still by as few as 5 generations of mentors. The OSU-COM lineage also includes other notable osteopaths such as Dr. Fred Mitchell Sr., who developed the muscle energy technique, and Dr. William Sutherland, who first conceptualized the primary respiratory mechanism.CONCLUSIONS: It is noteworthy that OSU-COM graduates can trace their techniques back to the physicians who developed those methods as manual skills that were passed from person to person. It is our hope that the information gathered and consolidated in this study will inspire current and future graduates to both incorporate OPP in their practices and pass along the knowledge acquired at OSU-COM to the next generation of osteopathic physicians. Though this study provides a significant analysis of academic mentorship and heritage, further studies and investigation should be conducted so as not to lose the value and roots of academic ancestry at Oklahoma State University

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in benign and malignant diseases

Background: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is described as a useful new biomarker in ovarian cancer. As HE4 is neither tumor nor organ specific, we intensively investigated the occurrence of this protein in female and male patients with various benign and malignant diseases in order to avoid misinterpretation and to identify potential additional clinical relevance. Methods: We retrospectively investigated HE4 (ARCHITECT (R), Abbott Diagnostics, US) in the sera of 205 healthy individuals, 654 patients with benign disorders and 720 patients with cancer before initial treatment. Results: The lowest concentrations of HE4 were observed in healthy men (median 26.2 pmol/L) followed by healthy women (median 40.4 pmol/L). In benign diseases, highest HE4 concentrations were seen in both women and men with renal failure (women, median 1041 pmol/L; men, median 1368 pmol/L). In women, the highest HE4 levels in malignant diseases were observed in ovarian cancer (median 242 pmol/l), whereas the highest HE4 concentrations in men occurred in lung cancer (median 89.2 pmol/L). The area under the curve (AUC) of HE4 in women was highest in ovarian cancer and borderline tumors as compared to benign gynecological disorders (88.9%), with a sensitivity of 67.4% at 95% specificity. Also, significantly elevated concentrations of HE4 with reference to the respective group of benign diseases were observed in uterus corpus and breast cancer as well as in lung cancer for men and women. Conclusions: HE4 has the highest relevance in ovarian cancer but can be elevated in a variety of benign and malignant diseases

Paper Session III-A - Next Generation Reusable Launch Systems Site Selection Trade Study: An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process

This paper focuses on site selection trade studies associated with Next Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle concepts. During site selection trade studies the need to utilize a decision making tool enabling tradeoffs between competing objectives while minimizing intuitive bias was recognized. In order to meet established goals of the next generation reusable launch vehicle concepts, a comprehensive site selection trade study must be performed. Estimates for both non-recurring and recurring costs associated with each candidate site must be evaluated. The systems’ operations concept, environmental constraints, logistics, range support, and weather are other important factors which must also be considered. Based on this, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was implemented, allowing for systematic evaluation and measurement of each of the identified criteria in the site selection process. AHP is a multi-criterion decision support methodology allowing study participants (engineers and program management) to deal consistently with comparisons between both tangible and intangible criteria. Using this tool, participants in the site selection process can integrate their collective judgment, experience and understanding concerning the relevant importance of identified criteria as they relate to one another. The resulting process is organized in a logical hierarchical structure which can be easily tested for sensitivities to changes in assumptions and judgments

From cash to crickets:The non-monetary value of a resource can promote human cooperation

Enhancing human cooperation in the use of limited and depletable resources is of central concern to environmental management and human welfare. Behavioral models of cooperation have, to date, focused on inter-party dynamics such as reciprocity, punishment, or reputation in distribution of resources generally indexed by points, money, or effort. We argue that these models fail to account for a key driver of cooperative behavior – the non-monetary value people attach to resources. Across two behavioral experiments we model the effect of attaching non-monetary value to a resource within a resource dilemma game. When players believed that exhausting a resource would lead to the immediate death of live crickets they reduced personal consumption, equating to increased cooperation and greater collective benefit, relative to players given the standard instructions. Our findings provide insight into a largely untapped avenue through which to leverage cooperative behavior; emphasizing the non-monetary and non-tradable value of a resource

The influence of online images on self-harm: A qualitative study of young people aged 16-24

To date, research on the role of the Internet in self-harm has focused on young people's interaction via the medium of text, with limited consideration of the effect of images. This qualitative study explores how young people understand and use online images of self-harm. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a community sample of 21 individuals aged 16–24 living in Wales, UK, with a previous history of self-harm. Interviewees reported the role of the Internet in normalising young people's self-harm. Images rather than textual interactions are the primary reason cited for using the Internet for self-harm purposes. Images invoke a physical reaction and inspire behavioural enactment, with Tumblr, which permits the sharing of images by anonymous individuals, being the preferred platform. Viewing online images serves a vital role in many young people's self-harm, as part of ritualistic practice. Online prevention and intervention need to attend to the importance of images

A comprehensive assessment of demographic, environmental, and host genetic associations with gut microbiome diversity in healthy individuals.

BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is an important determinant of human health. Its composition has been shown to be influenced by multiple environmental factors and likely by host genetic variation. In the framework of the Milieu Intérieur Consortium, a total of 1000 healthy individuals of western European ancestry, with a 1:1 sex ratio and evenly stratified across five decades of life (age 20-69), were recruited. We generated 16S ribosomal RNA profiles from stool samples for 858 participants. We investigated genetic and non-genetic factors that contribute to individual differences in fecal microbiome composition. RESULTS: Among 110 demographic, clinical, and environmental factors, 11 were identified as significantly correlated with α-diversity, ß-diversity, or abundance of specific microbial communities in multivariable models. Age and blood alanine aminotransferase levels showed the strongest associations with microbiome diversity. In total, all non-genetic factors explained 16.4% of the variance. We then searched for associations between > 5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and the same indicators of fecal microbiome diversity, including the significant non-genetic factors as covariates. No genome-wide significant associations were identified after correction for multiple testing. A small fraction of previously reported associations between human genetic variants and specific taxa could be replicated in our cohort, while no replication was observed for any of the diversity metrics. CONCLUSION: In a well-characterized cohort of healthy individuals, we identified several non-genetic variables associated with fecal microbiome diversity. In contrast, host genetics only had a negligible influence. Demographic and environmental factors are thus the main contributors to fecal microbiome composition in healthy individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01699893

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with 6.6 x 10(20) protons on target

111 pages, 45 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. Minor revisions to text following referee comments111 pages, 45 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. Minor revisions to text following referee comments111 pages, 45 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. Minor revisions to text following referee commentsWe thank the J-PARC staff for superb accelerator performance and the CERN NA61/SHINE Collaboration for providing valuable particle production data. We acknowledge the support of MEXT, Japan; NSERC, NRC, and CFI, Canada; CEA and CNRS/IN2P3, France; DFG, Germany; INFN, Italy; National Science Centre (NCN), Poland; RSF, RFBR and MES, Russia; MINECO and ERDF funds, Spain; SNSF and SER, Switzerland; STFC, UK; and the U. S. Deparment of Energy, USA. We also thank CERN for the UA1/NOMAD magnet, DESY for the HERA-B magnet mover system, NII for SINET4, the WestGrid and SciNet consortia in Compute Canada, GridPP, UK, and the Emerald High Performance Computing facility in the Centre for Innovation, UK. In addition, participation of individual researchers and institutions has been further supported by funds from ERC (FP7), EU; JSPS, Japan; Royal Society, UK; and DOE Early Career program, USA

Measurement of the electron neutrino charged-current interaction rate on water with the T2K ND280 pi(0) detector

10 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to PRDhttp://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.112010© 2015 American Physical Society11 pages, 6 figures, as accepted to PRD11 pages, 6 figures, as accepted to PRD11 pages, 6 figures, as accepted to PR

Search for short baseline nu(e) disappearance with the T2K near detector

8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRD rapid communication8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRD rapid communicationWe thank the J-PARC staff for superb accelerator performance and the CERN NA61 collaboration for providing valuable particle production data. We acknowledge the support of MEXT, Japan; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; Commissariat `a l’Energie Atomique and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Institut National de Physique Nucle´aire et de Physique des Particules, France; DFG, Germany; INFN, Italy; National Science Centre (NCN), Poland; Russian Science Foundation, RFBR and Ministry of Education and Science, Russia; MINECO and European Regional Development Fund, Spain; Swiss National Science Foundation and State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation, Switzerland; STFC, UK; and DOE, USA. We also thank CERN for the UA1/NOMAD magnet, DESY for the HERA-B magnet mover system, NII for SINET4, the WestGrid and SciNet consortia in Compute Canada, GridPP, UK. In addition participation of individual researchers and institutions has been further supported by funds from ERC (FP7), EU; JSPS, Japan; Royal Society, UK; DOE Early Career program, USA

Human genetic variants and age are the strongest predictors of humoral immune responses to common pathogens and vaccines.

Humoral immune responses to infectious agents or vaccination vary substantially among individuals, and many of the factors responsible for this variability remain to be defined. Current evidence suggests that human genetic variation influences (i) serum immunoglobulin levels, (ii) seroconversion rates, and (iii) intensity of antigen-specific immune responses. Here, we evaluated the impact of intrinsic (age and sex), environmental, and genetic factors on the variability of humoral response to common pathogens and vaccines. We characterized the serological response to 15 antigens from common human pathogens or vaccines, in an age- and sex-stratified cohort of 1000 healthy individuals (Milieu Intérieur cohort). Using clinical-grade serological assays, we measured total IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM levels, as well as qualitative (serostatus) and quantitative IgG responses to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii, influenza A virus, measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis B virus. Following genome-wide genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms and imputation, we examined associations between ~ 5 million genetic variants and antibody responses using single marker and gene burden tests. We identified age and sex as important determinants of humoral immunity, with older individuals and women having higher rates of seropositivity for most antigens. Genome-wide association studies revealed significant associations between variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region on chromosome 6 and anti-EBV and anti-rubella IgG levels. We used HLA imputation to fine map these associations to amino acid variants in the peptide-binding groove of HLA-DRβ1 and HLA-DPβ1, respectively. We also observed significant associations for total IgA levels with two loci on chromosome 2 and with specific KIR-HLA combinations. Using extensive serological testing and genome-wide association analyses in a well-characterized cohort of healthy individuals, we demonstrated that age, sex, and specific human genetic variants contribute to inter-individual variability in humoral immunity. By highlighting genes and pathways implicated in the normal antibody response to frequently encountered antigens, these findings provide a basis to better understand disease pathogenesis. ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT01699893