In Memoriam Professor Matthew H. Kaufman

In Memoriam to the late Professor Matthew H. Kaufman written by Owen Dudley Edward

O. D. Edwards, Arnold O. Morgan, Decker S. Womack and Dean Gano to Gov. Ross Barnett, 28 September 1962

Senders state that for every border patrolman sent to carry out Bobby\u27s order they will send another Texan to face him. Message was forwarded to Jackson, MS.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/west_union_gov/1065/thumbnail.jp

A Case of Identity: John Adams and Massachusettensis

This article undertakes an interdisciplinary reexamination of the claims of American revolutionary John Adams (1735–1826) that Jonathan Sewall (1729–96) was a lead author of the influential Loyalist tracts Massachusettensis (Dec. 12, 1774–April 3, 1775). The Massachusettensis letters constitute the most cogent articulation of Loyalist ideology on the eve of the American Revolution. Adams replied with his Novanglus letters (Jan. 23–April 17, 1775). While Adams believed that Sewall was the author or coauthor of Massachusettensis, scholars subsequently attributed sole authorship to Daniel Leonard (1740–1829), a Loyalist refugee who claimed authorship whilst in exile in England. After reviewing the historical and literary evidence and the results of authorship attribution tests, we proffer four historiographical conclusions. First, Massachusettensis was probably coauthored by Leonard and Sewall with Sewall exercising editorial direction over this and other Loyalist propaganda. This validates Adams’s contention that Sewall had a principal role in Massachusettensis’s composition. Second, Adams’s presumption of Sewall’s authorship shaped the writing of both Massachusettensis and Novanglus, as revealed in a critical reading of the debate. Third, Adams biographers and Revolution scholars have underestimated the extent to which the literary contest with “Massachusettensis” was instrumental in John Adams’s radicalization. Fourth, the Novanglus-Massachusettensis debate was shrouded in friendship: publicly it encapsulated the signal ideological differences between Patriots and Loyalists while privately crowning a friendly rivalry between Adams and Sewall of fifteen years’ standing. Their friendship may have facilitated communication between British headquarters and the American rebels in the weeks preceding the outbreak of military hostilities. In sum, this article demonstrates the vitality of friendship as an analytical category for political history. Friendship has been under studied by historians of the American Revolutionary Era but the Revolution was at its most revolutionary in the division of intimate friends like Adams and Sewall

Children and young adults who received tracheostomies or were initiated on long-term ventilation in PICUs

Objectives: To characterize patients who received tracheostomies for airway compromise or were initiated on long-term ventilation for chronic respiratory failure in pediatric intensive care units (PICU), and to examine variation in the incidence of initiation, patient characteristics, and modalities across sites. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Settings: Seventy three North American PICUs that participated in the Virtual Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Performance System. Patients: PICU patients admitted between 2009 and 2011. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Among 115,437 PICU patients, 1.8% received a tracheostomy or were initiated on long-term ventilation; 1034 received a tracheostomy only, 717 were initiated on invasive ventilation (IV), and 381 were initiated on noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Ninety percent had substantial chronic conditions and comorbidities, including more than 50% with moderate or worse cerebral disability upon discharge. Seven percent were initiated after a catastrophic injury/event. Across sites, there was variation in incidence of tracheotomy and initiation of long-term ventilation, ranging 0–4.6%. There also was variation in patient characteristics, time to tracheotomy, number of extubations prior to tracheostomy, and the use of IV versus NIV. Conclusions: While the PICU incidence of initiation of tracheostomies and long-term ventilation was relatively uncommon, it suggests that thousands of children and young adults receive these interventions each year in North American PICUs. The majority of them have conditions and comorbidities that impose on-going care needs, beyond those required by artificial airways and long-term ventilation themselves

No increase in radiation-induced chromosome aberration complexity detected by m-FISH after culture in the presence of 5’-bromodeoxyuridine

The thymidine analogue, 5’-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), is a known mutagen that is routinely introduced into culture media for subsequent Harlequin stain analysis and determination of cell cycle status. Previously, we examined the induction of chromosome aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) known to be in their 1st cell division following exposure to a low dose (0.5 Gy, average one -particle per cell) of high-LET α-particles. We found complex chromosome aberrations to be characteristic of exposure to high-LET radiation and suggested the features of complex exchange to reflect qualitatively the spatial deposition of this densely ionising radiation. To exclude the possibility that BrdU addition post-irradiation influenced the complexity of chromosomal damage observed by m-FISH, the effect of increasing BrdU concentration on aberration complexity was investigated. Comparisons between BrdU concentration (0, 10, and 40 M) and between sham- and α-particle irradiated PBL, were made both independently and in combination to enable discrimination between BrdU and high-LET radiation effects. Aberration type, size, complexity and completeness were assessed by m-FISH, and the relative progression through cell division was evaluated. We found no evidence of any qualitative difference in the complexity of damage as visualized by m-FISH but did observe an increase in the frequency of complex exchanges with increasing BrdU concentration indicative of altered cell cycle kinetics. The parameters measured here are consistent with findings from previous in vitro and in vivo work, indicating that each complex aberration visualised by m-FISH is characteristic of the structure of the high-LET α-particle track and the geometry of cell irradiated

How Is Physical Literacy Defined? A Contemporary Update

Physical literacy continues to gain global momentum, yet the definition and underlying concept of physical literacy remain contested in both research and practice. This lack of clarity has the potential to undermine the operationalization of physical literacy. This paper considers the various definitions of physical literacy that are currently adopted internationally. Physical literacy experts identified seven leading groups that have established physical literacy initiatives. Although each group is unified in using the term physical literacy, there are contrasting definitions and interpretations of the concept. Common themes were identified, including the (a) influence of physical literacy philosophy, (b) core elements of physical literacy, (c) lifelong nature of physical literacy, and (d) the need to scientifically pursue a robust operationalization of the concept. We conclude by recommending that programs relating to physical literacy should provide a definition, a clear philosophical approach, and transparency with how their actions align with this approach

Analysis of factors influencing the ultrasonic fetal weight estimation

Objective: The aim of our study was the evaluation of sonographic fetal weight estimation taking into consideration 9 of the most important factors of influence on the precision of the estimation. Methods: We analyzed 820 singleton pregnancies from 22 to 42 weeks of gestational age. We evaluated 9 different factors that potentially influence the precision of sonographic weight estimation ( time interval between estimation and delivery, experts vs. less experienced investigator, fetal gender, gestational age, fetal weight, maternal BMI, amniotic fluid index, presentation of the fetus, location of the placenta). Finally, we compared the results of the fetal weight estimation of the fetuses with poor scanning conditions to those presenting good scanning conditions. Results: Of the 9 evaluated factors that may influence accuracy of fetal weight estimation, only a short interval between sonographic weight estimation and delivery (0-7 vs. 8-14 days) had a statistically significant impact. Conclusion: Of all known factors of influence, only a time interval of more than 7 days between estimation and delivery had a negative impact on the estimation