«L'animal de la création que l'homme connaît le moins» : Le mémoire refusé de Clémence Royer sur la femme et la natalité

Ducros Albert, Blanckaert Claude. «L'animal de la création que l'homme connaît le moins» : Le mémoire refusé de Clémence Royer sur la femme et la natalité. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 3 fascicule 1-2, 1991. pp. 131-144

Enjeux de l'histoire de l'anthropologie : d'hier à aujourd'hui

Blanckaert Claude, Ducros Albert, Hublin Jean-Jacques. Enjeux de l'histoire de l'anthropologie : d'hier à aujourd'hui. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 1 fascicule 3-4, 1989. pp. 5-12

Homo actuosus, de la chasse au sport

Ducros Albert, Dutour Olivier, Hublin Jean-Jacques, Pineau Jean-Claude. Homo actuosus, de la chasse au sport. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 4 fascicule 3-4, 1992. p. 141

Transmissible microdeletion of the Y-chromosome encompassing two DAZ copies, four RBMY1 copies, and both PRY copies

International audienceObjective: To study a transmissible partial AZFb and -c microdeletion. Design: Case report. Setting: Service of Reproductive Medicine, Molecular Biology, CHU Lyon, France. Patient(s): A case of oligoasthenospermia with partial spermatogenic failure. Screening for Yq microdeletions revealed the absence of sY143, suggesting an AZFb microdeletion. Intervention(s): Sequence-tagged site mapping indicated that the deletion encompassed a portion of the AZFb and -c region. Genomic DNA from the patient's father gave the same pattern. During the course of these investigations, a pregnancy occurred. On the 46,XY amniocyte and cord blood DNA, the same microdeletion was found. Main Outcome Measure(s): Study of the fine structure of the Y-chromosome and the gene copy number. Result(s): The three males of this family have a rearrangement including a deletion encompassing r3 and r4, the palindrome P3, and its boundary regions: u3 and u1 in its distal part. This induced a reduction in DAZ and RBMY1 copy number and complete loss of PRY. Conclusion(s): PRY is not indispensable to complete spermatogenesis; and with two RBMY1 and two DAZ copies, complete spermatogenesis can be conserved. (Fertil Steril (R) 2010;94:2770.e11-e16. (C) 2010 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

Homo actuosus, de la chasse au sport

Ducros Albert, Dutour Olivier, Hublin Jean-Jacques, Pineau Jean-Claude. Homo actuosus, de la chasse au sport. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 4 fascicule 3-4, 1992. p. 141

Comparable effectiveness from organised and opportunistic mammography screening in Switzerland

Effectiveness of organised (service) and opportunistic mammography screening in Switzerland was evaluated for thefirst time, based on internationally recognised prognostic indicators. Effectiveness by screening type (organised vs opportunistic screening) and detection modality (screened / unscreened women) was examined for 3 cantons (Vaud, Valais, Geneva) with organised programmes. Comparisons of prognostic profile were drawn with 2 regions (St-Gall/Appenzell and Ticino) uncovered by service screening, of low and high prevalence of opportunistic screening, respectively. Opportunistic and organised screening yielded little difference in breast cancerprognostic profile. Both screening types led to substantial stage shifting.Breast cancer prognostic indicators were systematically more favourable in cantons covered by a programme. In regions without a screening programme, the higher the prevalence of opportunistic screening, the better the prognostic profile. Organised screening appeared as effectiveas opportunistic screening in Switzerland. The favourable influence of mammography screening on stage distribution augurs a screen-attributable decline ofbreast cancer mortality. Extension of organised mammography screening to the whole of Switzerland can be expected to further improve breast cancer prognosis in a cost-effective way

Carotenoid-rich dietary patterns during midlife and subsequent cognitive function

International audienceCarotenoids may help to prevent the ageing of the brain. Previous findings regarding beta-carotene alone are not consistent. In the present study, we evaluated the cross-time association between a carotenoid-rich dietary pattern (CDP) and subsequent cognitive performance using a sample of 2983 middle-aged adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX (Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants) study. Cognitive performance was assessed in 2007-9 using six neuropsychological tests, and a composite cognitive score was computed. The cognitive data were related to dietary data obtained by repeated 24 h dietary records (1994-6) and to measurements of baseline plasma concentrations of carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene and cis-beta-carotene). DP were extracted using the reduced rank regression method for 381 participants and then extrapolated to the whole sample using plasma carotenoid concentrations as response variables. Associations between a CDP and cognitive function measured 13 years later were estimated with ANCOVA providing mean difference values and 95% CI across the tertiles of CDP. A correlation between CDP and consumption of orange-and green-coloured fruits and vegetables, vegetable oils and soup was observed. CDP was found to be associated with a higher composite cognitive score (mean difference 1.04, 95% CI 0.20, 1.87, P for trend 0.02), after adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors. Similar findings were obtained for scores obtained in the cued recall task, backward digit span task, trail making test and semantic fluency task (all P for trend,0.05). Further studies ought to confirm whether a diet providing sufficient quantity and variety of coloured fruits and vegetables may contribute to the preservation of cognitive function during ageing

MTHFR 677C → T genotype modulates the effect of a 5-year supplementation with B-vitamins on homocysteine concentration: The SU.FOL.OM3 randomized controlled trial

International audienceAims To study how MTHFR 677C!T genotype modulates the effect of supplementation with B-vitamins on total homocysteine (tHcy) and B-vitamin concentrations. Methods 2381 patients with a personal history of cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) B-vitamins alone (560 μg of 5-methyl-THF, 3 mg of vitamin B 6 and 20 μg of vitamin B 12), 2) n-3 fatty acids alone (600 mg of EPA and DHA in a 2:1 ratio), 3) B-vitamins and n-3 fatty acids, and 4) placebo. Participants were followed up for 4.7 years. At baseline and annually thereafter, biological parameters were assessed. Multivariate and linear mixed models were fit to study the interaction between B-vitamins and MTHFR genotype. Results Among supplemented participants, concentrations of all three B-vitamins increased during the first year (all p<0.0001) across MTHFR genotype categories. tHcy decreased by 26.3% during the first year (p<0.0001), then steadily increased throughout the 5 years (p trend <0.001). However, at the end of follow-up, that increase was smaller among TT than among CT or CC subjects (p interaction <0.02). At baseline, the difference in tHcy concentrations between TT homozygous and CC homozygous subjects was 2.33 μmol/l (p<0.001). After 5 years, that difference was reduced to 1.06 μmol/l and remained statistically significant (p<0.001)

Using the Sonogashira Reaction for Preparing a New Fragment Library based on the 3-alkynylimidazo[1,2-alpha] pyridine Scaffold

International audienceBackground:The imidazo[1,2-alpha] pyridine ring has been widely studied by medicinal chemists and displays great pharmaceutical potential. Methods: In a view to prepare a library of new molecules including an imidazo[1,2-alpha] pyridine scaffold, as original fragments for the conception of novel anti-protozoal compounds, the Sonogashira crosscoupling reaction between 3-halogenoimidazo [1,2-alpha] pyridines and phenylacetylene was studied. Results: From 3-iodoimidazo[1,2-alpha] pyridine, chosen as an optimal substrate for conducting the reaction at room temperature in 2 hours, a variety of terminal alkynes was involved into the reaction, leading to a series of 16 new 3-phenyethynylimidazo [1,2-alpha] pyridines in satisfying to good yields (50-82%) and 4 additional derivatives in moderate yields (30-40%). Conclusion: Such synthetic approach appears efficient for the rapid synthesis of imidazopyridine chemical libraries. The corresponding derivatives will next be evaluated for their anti-infective properties