Multi-domain learning CNN model for microscopy image classification

For any type of microscopy image, getting a deep learning model to work well requires considerable effort to select a suitable architecture and time to train it. As there is a wide range of microscopes and experimental setups, designing a single model that can apply to multiple imaging domains, instead of having multiple per-domain models, becomes more essential. This task is challenging and somehow overlooked in the literature. In this paper, we present a multi-domain learning architecture for the classification of microscopy images that differ significantly in types and contents. Unlike previous methods that are computationally intensive, we have developed a compact model, called Mobincep, by combining the simple but effective techniques of depth-wise separable convolution and the inception module. We also introduce a new optimization technique to regulate the latent feature space during training to improve the network's performance. We evaluated our model on three different public datasets and compared its performance in single-domain and multiple-domain learning modes. The proposed classifier surpasses state-of-the-art results and is robust for limited labeled data. Moreover, it helps to eliminate the burden of designing a new network when switching to new experiments

Closed combination of context-embedding iterative strategies

This work is motivated by the challenging problem of the computer-aided generation of approximations (viewed as a series of transformations) of partial derivative equations. In this framework, the approximations posed over complex settings are incrementally constructed by extending an approximation posed on a simple setting and combining these extensions. In order to formalize these extensions and their combination, we introduce a class of rewriting strategies, called context-embedding iterative strategies (CE-strategies, for short). Roughly speaking, the class of CE-strategies is constructed by means of adding contexts and an iteration operator allowing the definition of recursive strategies. We show that the class of CE-strategies is closed under combination with respect to a correctness-completeness criterion. It turns out that the class CE-strategies enjoy nice algebraic properties, namely, the combination is associative, has a neutral element, and all the elements are idempotents

Instabilité et turbulence dans des écoulements bidimensionnels MHD

We create two-dimensional flows within a thin horizontal mercury layer subjected to a vertical uniform magnetic field. The fluid is set in motion by injecting electrical currents.The first considered flow is a couple of vortices which signs is alternated. We study through visualizations. They reveal the spatial distribution of the velocity field. We calculate the vorticity and stream function by numerical processing of digitized velocity field. These two variables allow us to characterize the encountered stationary vortex structures.Then we turn to a hexagonal network of forced vortex, and we follow the destabilization of this periodic network. We show that even well beyond the transition, destabilized flow is governed by the interaction of nonlinear waves that appeared at times of transition.When disrupting the previous flow on a large scale before the spatial period of the network, a disorganized motion appears. We show that the fluctuating velocity component is quasi homogeneous and isotropic. Velocity fluctuations play an active role in transfers of inertial energy. We check that these transfers are described by the phenomenological laws of two-dimensional turbulence.Nous créons des écoulements bidimensionnels à l’intérieur d’une couche de mercure mince, horizontale et soumise à un champ magnétique uniforme vertical. Le fluide est mis en mouvement en injectant des courants électriques.Le premier type d’écoulements considéré est un couple de tourbillons de signes alternés. Nous l’étudions au moyen de visualisations. Elles révèlent la répartition spatiale du champ de vitesse. Nous calculons la vorticité et la fonction de courant par un traitement numérique du champ de vitesse digitalisé. Ces deux grandeurs nous permettent de caractériser les structures tourbillonnaires stationnaires rencontrées.Nous nous intéressons ensuite à un réseau hexagonal de tourbillons forcé, et suivons la déstabilisation de ce réseau périodique. Nous montrons que même bien au-delà de la transition, l’écoulement déstabilisé est gouverné par les interactions d’ondes non linéaires qui sont apparues aux moments de la transition. Lorsqu’on perturbe l’écoulement précédent à une échelle grande devant la période spatiale du réseau, un mouvement plus désorganisé apparaît. Nous montrons que la composante fluctuante de la vitesse est quasi homogène isotrope. Les fluctuations de la vitesse jouent le rôle actif dans les transferts inertiaux d’énergie. On vérifie que ces transferts sont décrits par les lois phénoménologiques de la turbulence bidimensionnelle

Acidification des eaux de source et saturnisme dans le Massif vosgien.

Les recherches menées à  l'occasion du programme DEFORPA ont montré que les dépôts acides et la sylviculture avaient directement contribué à une acidification des sols et des eaux de surface du Massif vosgien. L'étude de la variation de l'acidité des eaux de source depuis 30 ans a confirmé une acidification progressive de l'eau captée sur les roches les plus pauvres, comme le grès vosgien. Nous avons expérimentalement vérifié que cette acidification a considérablement augmenté la teneur en plomb de l'eau chez les résidents dont les canalisations d'eau potable sont en plomb. Le nombre élevé de cas de saturnisme hydrique observés par les médecins au cours des années 1980 dans le Massif vosgien est attribué directement à  cette acidification des eaux, et indirectement et pour partie à la pollution acide atmosphérique

Towards an automatic tool for multi-scale model derivation

This paper reports recent advances in the development of a symbolic asymptotic mod-eling software package, called MEMSALab, which will be used for automatic generation of asymptotic models for arrays of micro and nanosystems. More precisely, a model is a partial differential equation and an asymptotic method approximate it by another partial differential equation which can be numerically simulated in a reasonable time. The challenge consists in taking into account a wide range of different physical features and geometries e.g. thin structures, periodic structures, multiple nested scales etc. The main purpose of this software is to construct models incrementally so that model features can be included step by step. This idea, conceptualized under the name "by-extension-combination", is presented in detail for the first time

HTLV-1 HBZ cooperates with JunD to enhance transcription of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Activation of telomerase is a critical and late event in tumor progression. Thus, in patients with adult-T cell leukaemia (ATL), an HTLV-1 (Human T cell Leukaemia virus type 1)-associated disease, leukemic cells display a high telomerase activity, mainly through transcriptional up-regulation of the human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT). The HBZ (HTLV-1 bZIP) protein coded by the minus strand of HTLV-1 genome and expressed in ATL cells has been shown to increase the transcriptional activity of JunD, an AP-1 protein. The presence of several AP-1 binding sites in the hTERT promoter led us to investigate whether HBZ regulates hTERT gene transcription.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we demonstrate using co-transfection assays that HBZ in association with JunD activates the hTERT promoter. Interestingly, the -378/+1 proximal region, which does not contain any AP-1 site was found to be responsible for this activation. Furthermore, an increase of hTERT transcripts was observed in cells co-expressing HBZ and JunD. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that HBZ, and JunD coexist in the same DNA-protein complex at the proximal region of hTERT promoter. Finally, we provide evidence that HBZ/JunD heterodimers interact with Sp1 transcription factors and that activation of hTERT transcription by these heterodimers is mediated through GC-rich binding sites for Sp1 present in the proximal sequences of the hTERT promoter.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These observations establish for the first time that HBZ by intervening in the re-activation of telomerase, may contribute to the development and maintenance of the leukemic process.</p

Quality Challenges of the Chemical Analyses in Occupational Health

Much emphasis is put on the precision and accuracy of sampling and analytical procedures in the modern practice of occupation hygiene. This is due to its importance in risk management in various industries, in the occupation health care and in general consumer product safety. Typical examples of current practices include external quality control by analysis of unknown control samples, certification of control samples and materials, interlaboratory comparisons, and, finally, international standardization of sampling and analytical methods. The Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (IOHS) has participated for more than twenty years in several programs of the above-mentioned approaches, and its own methods have been validated by international quality control programs