507 research outputs found
Occurrence of Cylindrocarpon spp. in Nursery Grapevines in California
Cylindrocarpon liriodendri and C. macrodidymum are causal agents of black foot disease of grapevines
in California. Together with Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Cylindrocarpon spp. are
also known to be associated with decline of young vines. Infected vineyard soils are one source of the Cylindrocarpon
infections, but nurseries have also been shown to contribute to the origin of the inoculum. To study incidence of
Cylindrocarpon spp. in nursery grapevines in California, randomly selected, non-symptomatic grapevines from various
nurseries were tested in a PCR assay for the presence of Cylindrocarpon spp. Results of this study suggested
that Cylindrocarpon spp. are the most common pathogens associated with young nursery vines in California, being
detected in 26% of the samples. Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was found in 19% and P. chlamydospora in 4% of the
nursery samples
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Management factors associated with bovine respiratory disease in preweaned calves on California dairies: The BRD 100 study.
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine how management practices on California dairies may be associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in preweaned calves. A convenience sample of 100 dairies throughout California, providing a study population of 4,636 calves, were visited between May 2014 and April 2016. During each farm visit, in-person interviews with the herd manager or calf caretaker were conducted to collect information about herd demographics, maternity pen, colostrum and calf management, herd vaccinations, and dust abatement. A random sample of preweaned calves was identified and evaluated for the presence of BRD using a standardized tool. A survey-adjusted generalized linear mixed model with a logit link function was fitted with calf as the unit of analysis and dairy as the random effect. Mean study herd size (Β±SE) was 1,718 (Β±189.9) cows. Survey-adjusted estimates of breed types in the sample were 81.6% (Β±0.6) Holstein, 13.1% (Β±0.4) Jersey, and 5.3% (Β±0.5) crossbred or other purebred breeds, and calf sex proportions were 73.8% (Β±1.0) female and 26.2% (Β±1.0) male. Overall survey-adjusted BRD prevalence in the study herds was 6.91% (Β±0.69). Housing factors positively associated with BRD were metal hutches compared with wood hutches [odds ratio (OR) = 11.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.80-44.78], calf-to-calf contact in calves >75 d of age (OR = 9.95, 95% CI = 1.50-65.86), feeding Holstein calves <2.84 L of milk or replacer per day (OR = 7.16, 95% CI = 1.23-41.68), and lagoon water used for flushing manure under hutches compared with no flush (OR = 12.06, 95% CI = 1.93-75.47). Providing extra shade over hutches (OR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.02-0.37), feeding calves at least 90% saleable milk (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.13-0.54) or pasteurized milk (OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.03-0.36), and feeding >5.68 L of milk or replacer per day to Jersey calves (OR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.01-0.28) were negatively associated with BRD. Our study identified management practices on California dairies with variability and that may contribute to differences in BRD prevalence, which will be incorporated into a risk-assessment tool to control and prevent BRD in preweaned dairy calves
Automatic conditioning of the CTF3 RF system
The RF system of CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility 3) includes ten 35 MW to 40 MW 3 GHz klystrons and one 20 MW 1.5 GHz klystron. High power RF conditioning of the waveguide network and cavities connected to each klystron can be extremely time consuming. Because of this, a fully automatic conditioning system has been developed within a CERN JINR (Dubna) collaboration. It involves relatively minor hardware additions, most of the work being in application and front-end software. The system has already been used very successfully
Gauge-invariant description of several (2+1)-dimensional integrable nonlinear evolution equations
We obtain new gauge-invariant forms of two-dimensional integrable systems of
nonlinear equations: the Sawada-Kotera and Kaup-Kuperschmidt system, the
generalized system of dispersive long waves, and the Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov
system. We show how these forms imply both new and well-known two-dimensional
integrable nonlinear equations: the Sawada-Kotera equation, Kaup-Kuperschmidt
equation, dispersive long-wave system, Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov equation, and
modified Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov equation. We consider Miura-type
transformations between nonlinear equations in different gauges.Comment: Talk given at the Workshop "Nonlinear Physics: Theory and Experiment.
V", Gallipoli (Lecce, Italy), 12-21 June, 200
Drug 9AA reactivates p21/Waf1 and Inhibits HIV-1 progeny formation
It has been demonstrated that the p53 pathway plays an important role in HIV-1 infection. Previous work from our lab has established a model demonstrating how p53 could become inactivated in HIV-1 infected cells through binding to Tat. Subsequently, p53 was inactivated and lost its ability to transactivate its downstream target gene p21/waf1. P21/waf1 is a well-known cdk inhibitor (CKI) that can lead to cell cycle arrest upon DNA damage. Most recently, the p21/waf1 function was further investigated as a molecular barrier for HIV-1 infection of stem cells. Therefore, we reason that the restoration of the p53 and p21/waf1 pathways could be a possible theraputical arsenal for combating HIV-1 infection. In this current study, we show that a small chemical molecule, 9-aminoacridine (9AA) at low concentrations, could efficiently reactivate p53 pathway and thereby restoring the p21/waf1 function. Further, we show that the 9AA could significantly inhibit virus replication in activated PBMCs, likely through a mechanism of inhibiting the viral replication machinery. A mechanism study reveals that the phosphorylated p53ser15 may be dissociated from binding to HIV-1 Tat protein, thereby activating the p21/waf1 gene. Finally, we also show that the 9AA-activated p21/waf1 is recruited to HIV-1 preintegration complex, through a mechanism yet to be elucidated
Experimental evaluation of digitally verifiable photonic computing for blockchain and cryptocurrency
As blockchain technology and cryptocurrency become increasingly mainstream, photonic computing has emerged as an efficient hardware platform that reduces ever-increasing energy costs required to verify transactions in decentralized cryptonetworks. To reduce sensitivity of these verifications to photonic hardware error, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a cryptographic scheme, LightHash, that implements robust, low-bit precision matrix multiplication in programmable silicon photonic networks. We demonstrate an error mitigation scheme to reduce error by averaging computation across circuits, and simulate energy-efficiency-error trade-offs for large circuit sizes. We conclude that our error-resistant and efficient hardware solution can potentially generate a new market for decentralized photonic blockchain
Π£ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
The effect of hybrid filling of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with short glass fibers (GF) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of composites, as well as the structural features and rheological behavior of melts were investigated. Compounding materials was carried out by the PET melt blending with the use of the reaction extrusion method. The studied composites contained from 15 to 60 wt. % GF, the concentration of MWCNTs was 0.5 and 1.6 wt. %. It was shown that the PET hybrid filling led to a synergistic increase in the strength, the elastic modulus and the dynamic shear modulus of composites under tension and bending in a wide temperature range. MWCNT additives intensified interfacial adhesion, had a nucleating effect on the crystallization of the binder, and increased its thermal stability.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ° (ΠΠΠ’) ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ (Π‘Π) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΠΠ£ΠΠ’) Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π΅ ΠΠΠ’ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ 15 Π΄ΠΎ 60 ΠΌΠ°Ρ. % Π‘Π, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ£ΠΠ’ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° 0,5 ΠΈ 1,6 ΠΌΠ°Ρ. %. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ’ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ£ΠΠ’ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ
Gauge-invariant description of some (2+1)-dimensional integrable nonlinear evolution equations
New manifestly gauge-invariant forms of two-dimensional generalized
dispersive long-wave and Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov systems of integrable
nonlinear equations are presented. It is shown how in different gauges from
such forms famous two-dimensional generalization of dispersive long-wave system
of equations, Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov and modified Nizhnik-Veselov-Novikov
equations and other known and new integrable nonlinear equations arise.
Miura-type transformations between nonlinear equations in different gauges are
considered.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX, no figure
The Role of Auxin Transport in Plant Patterning Mechanisms
In plants, many patterning processes involve the phytohormone auxin, and controlling how it moves around plays a critical role in pattern formation
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