Two-point Stokes vector diagnostic approach for characterization of optically anisotropic biological tissues

The purpose of the study is to demonstrate a new method of Stokes-correlometric evaluation of polarization-inhomogeneous images of optically thin (optical thickness smaller than 0.01) histological sections from optically anisotropic biological tissues of different morphological structure. This method is based on a correlation ('two-point') generalization of traditional optical methods for analyzing 'one-point' distributions of polarization states of microscopic images of biological tissues. Analytical algorithms are obtained for describing the 'two-point' complex parameters of the Stokes vector image of a birefringent biological tissue. An experimental technique has been developed for measuring polarization-correlation maps, i.e. the coordinate distributions of the magnitude and phase of the 'two-point' Stokes vector parameters. Within the framework of the statistical and correlation analysis of the obtained data, new quantitative criteria for the differentiation of the optical properties of biological tissues of various morphological structures are found. A comparative analysis of the distribution of the 'single-point' and 'two-point' parameters of the Stokes vector of polarizationally inhomogeneous images was performed. It revealed a higher sensitivity (2-5 times) of the Stokes-correlometry method to variations in orientation-phase structure of biological tissues compared to the single-point approach

Polarization-interference mapping of biological fluids polycrystalline films in differentiation of weak changes of optical anisotropy

The theoretical background of the azimuthally stable method of polarization-interference mapping of the histological sections of the biopsy of the prostate tissue on the basis of the spatial frequency selection of the mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence is presented. The diagnostic application of a new correlation parameter – complex degree of mutual anisotropy – is analytically substantiated. The method of measuring coordinate distributions of complex degree of mutual anisotropy with further spatial filtration of their highand low-frequency components is developed. The interconnections of such distributions with parameters of linear and circular birefringence of prostate tissue histological sections are found. The objective criteria of differentiation of benign and malignant conditions of prostate tissue are determined

Relationship of the phase and amplitude parameters with anisotropy of Muller-matrix invariants

A new azimuthally stable polarimetric method for processing of microscopic images of optically anisotropic structures of different biological layers histological sections is proposed. A new model of phase anisotropy definition of biological tissues by using superposition of Mueller matrices of linear birefringence and optical activity is proposed. The matrix element M44 has been chosen as the main information parameter, which value is independent of rotation angle of both sample and probing beam polarization plane

Biomedical applications of Jones-matrix tomography to polycrystalline films of biological fluids

Algorithms for reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence-dichroism of optically thin anisotropic biological layers are presented. The technique of Jones-matrix tomography of polycrystalline films of biological fluids of various human organs has been developed and experimentally tested. The coordinate distributions of phase and amplitude anisotropy of bile films and synovial fluid taken from the knee joint are determined and statistically analyzed. Criteria (statistical moments of 3rd and 4th orders) of differential diagnostics of early stages of cholelithiasis and septic arthritis of the knee joint with excellent balanced accuracy were determined. Data on the diagnostic efficiency of the Jones-matrix tomography method for polycrystalline plasma (liver disease), urine (albuminuria) and cytological smears (cervical cancer) are presented

Polarization-correlation optical microscopy of anisotropic biological layers

The theoretical background of azimuthally stable method of Jones-matrix mapping of histological sections of biopsy of myocardium tissue on the basis of spatial frequency selection of the mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence is presented. The diagnostic application of a new correlation parameter - complex degree of mutual anisotropy - is analytically substantiated. The method of measuring coordinate distributions of complex degree of mutual anisotropy with further spatial filtration of their high- and low-frequency components is developed. The interconnections of such distributions with parameters of linear and circular birefringence of myocardium tissue histological sections are found. The comparative results of measuring the coordinate distributions of complex degree of mutual anisotropy formed by fibrillar networks of myosin fibrils of myocardium tissue of different necrotic states - dead due to coronary heart disease and acute coronary insufficiency are shown. The values and ranges of change of the statistical (moments of the 1st - 4th order) parameters of complex degree of mutual anisotropy coordinate distributions are studied. The objective criteria of differentiation of cause of death are determined

Mapping of polycrystalline films of biological fluids utilizing the Jones-matrix formalism

Utilizing a polarized light approach, we reconstruct the spatial distribution of birefringence and optical activity in polycrystalline films of biological fluids. The Jones-matrix formalism is used for an accessible quantitative description of these types of optical anisotropy. We demonstrate that differentiation of polycrystalline films of biological fluids can be performed based on a statistical analysis of the distribution of rotation angles and phase shifts associated with the optical activity and birefringence, respectively. Finally, practical operational characteristics, such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the Jones-matrix reconstruction of optical anisotropy, were identified with special emphasis on biomedical application, specifically for differentiation of bile films taken from healthy donors and from patients with cholelithiasis

Differential Mueller matrix imaging of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues

Since recently, a number of innovative polarization-based optical imaging modalities have been introduced and extensively used in various biomedical applications, with an ultimate aim to attain the practical tool for the optical biopsy and functional characterization of biological tissues. The techniques utilize polarization properties of light and Mueller matrix mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues or polycrystalline films of biological fluids. The main drawback of currently developed laser polarimetry approaches and Mueller matrix mapping techniques is poor reproducibility of experimental data. This is due to azimuthal dependence of polarization and ellipticity values of most matrix elements to sample orientation in respect to incidence light polarization. Current study aims to generalize the methods of laser polarimetry for diagnosis of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues. A method of differential Mueller matrix mapping for reconstruction of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameter distributions of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structure is introduced and practically implemented. The coordinate distributions of the value of the first-order differential matrix elements of histological sections of brain tissue with spatially structured, optically anisotropic fibrillar network, as well as of parenchymatous tissue of the rectum wall with an “islet” polycrystalline structure are determined. Within the statistical analysis of polarization reproduced distributions of the averaged parameters of phase and amplitude anisotropy, the significant sensitivity of the statistical moments of the third and fourth orders to changes in the polycrystalline structure of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissue is observed. The differentiation of female reproductive sphere connective tissue is realized with excellent accuracy. The differential Mueller matrix mapping method for reconstruction of distributions of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism parameters of partially depolarizing layers of biological tissues of different morphological structures is proposed and substantiated. Differential diagnostics of changes in the phase (good balanced accuracy) and amplitude (excellent balanced accuracy) of the anisotropy of the partially depolarizing layers of the vagina wall tissue with prolapse of the genitals is realized. The maximum diagnostic efficiency of the first-order differential matrix method was demonstrated in comparison with the traditional methods of polarization and Mueller matrix mapping of histological sections of light-scattering biological tissues

Stokes-correlometry analysis of biological tissues with polycrystalline structure

Utilizing Stokes-correlometry analysis a new diagnostic approach has been introduced for quantitative assessment of polarization images of histological sections of optically anisotropic biological tissues with different morphological structures and physiological conditions. The developed approach is based on the quantitative assessment of coordinate and phase distributions of the Stokes vector of scattered light. A combined use of statistic, correlation, and fractal analysis is used for resolving variations in optical anisotropy of biological samples. The proposed combined application of the statistical, correlation, and fractal-based evaluates of spatial distributions of `single-point' polarization azimuth, ellipticity, and `two-point' Stokes vector parameters of polarization images of biological tissues histological sections demonstrates a high accuracy (Ac ≥ 90%) in monitoring of optical anisotropy variations within biological tissues

Polarization - interference mapping of the distributions of the parameters of the Stokes vector of the object field of a biological optically anisotropic layer

The materials of experimental testing of the Stokes-polarimetry method using a reference laser wave are presented. The results of layer-by-layer measurement of coordinate distributions of the magnitude of the ellipticity of the polarization of laser radiation converted by polycrystalline films of biological fluids are presented. In the framework of the statistical and cross-correlation approaches, the values and ranges of changes in the statistical and correlation moments of the 1st to 4th orders of magnitude characterizing the distribution of the ellipticity of the polarization of laser radiation converted by polycrystalline networks in different phase sections are determined

Applied Fourier programming for metrological control of printing materials of packaging products

In our manuscript, the materials of analytical substantiation and experimental verification of a new method of digital Fourier processing of polarization images of optically anisotropic polymer layers are presented.Наведено матеріали аналітичного огляду та експериментального застосування нового поляриметричного методу Фур’є алгоритмічної обробки поляризаційних зображень оптично неоднорідних мереж полімерних шарів