Mammography Screening in women 70 years and older attending a Portuguese Primary Care Center: a Cross-Sectional Study

Introdução: O Conselho Europeu e o Programa Nacional de Doenças Oncológicas recomendam que mulheres dos 50 aos 69 anos realizem rastreio do cancro da mama (CM) através de mamografia. No entanto, muitas mulheres acima dos 70 anos continuam o rastreio. Objetivos: Caracterizar as mulheres que continuaram o rastreio do CM após os 70 anos e identificar fatores associados a essa decisão. Métodos: Estudo transversal incluindo utentes da Unidade de Saúde Familiar Nova Via em Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal, que realizaram pelo menos uma mamografia após os 70 anos, desde março de 2007 a 31 de julho de 2019. A informação foi adquirida através da plataforma SClínico. Resultados: Nesta população e durante este período, das mulheres que realizaram mamografia após os 50 anos, 5,5% tinham 70 anos ou mais. O principal determinante para a requisição de uma mamografia após os 70 anos foi a presença de outras anomalias mamárias (46,3%). A maioria dos pedidos no grupo de rastreio foi para mulheres com menos de 75 anos (79,2%). Quando uma justificação estava presente, a maioria eram pedidas pelo Médico de Família ou por outro médico (67,1%), e não pelo paciente (32,9%). A participação no programa de rastreio aos 68/69 anos foi menor no grupo de rastreio (73,3%, vs 84,8% no grupo de diagnóstico). Após regressão logística multivariada, a justificação (p < 0,001; OR = 1,003; IC 95%: 1,001-1,004) e a idade aquando do pedido (p = 0,013; OR = 0,369; IC 95%: 0,168-0,813) permitiam prever significativamente o tipo de mamografia realizada. Conclusões: Verificou-se uma pequena proporção de mamografias de rastreio após os 70 anos, o que está de acordo com o Plano Oncológico Nacional Português. Alguns fatores que podem ter contribuído para a decisão foram a idade, justificação e iniciativa do pedido. No entanto, uma investigação mais aprofundada é necessária.Background: The European Council and Portugal's National Program for Oncologic diseases recommends that women aged 50 to 69 years should undergo breast cancer (BC) screening through mammography. Nevertheless, many women 70 years and older continue to undergo screening mammography. Objectives: Characterize the women who continued BC screening after turning 70 years and identify factors associated with this decision. Methods: Cross-sectional study including women who attend Nova Via Health Unit in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal, and performed at least one mammography after turning 70 from March 2007 until July 31, 2019. Data was collected by accessing the electronic health records on the platform SClínico. Results: In this population and during this period, of the women who performed mammographies after the age of 50, 5,5% were 70 or more years old. The main determinant for requesting a mammography after 70 was the presence of other breast abnormalities (46,3%). Most requests in the screening group were for women under 75 years (79,2%). When a justification was present, most were from the general practitioner or another doctor (67,1%), instead of the patient (32,9%). The adherence to the BC screening program at 68/69 years old was lower in the screening group (73,3%, vs 84,8% in the diagnostic group). After multivariate logistic regression, justification (p < ,001; OR = 1,003; 95% CI: 1,001-1,004) and age at the request (p = ,013; OR = 0,369; 95% CI: 0,168-0,813) could significantly predict the type of mammography. Conclusions: We found a small proportion of requests for screening mammography after 70 years, which is in line with the National Cancer Plan implemented in Portugal. Some factors that may have contributed to the decision to prolong BC screening were age, justification and initiative of the request. However, further research is still needed

Adapting to the new sporting goods market era: Adidas differentiation in digital retail

The following Equity Research accesses Adidas AG, the largest sportswear company in Europe. The analysis explores the arguments for a BUY recommendation that resulted from a Discounted Cash Flow valuation with a target price of €275.1. To forecast Adidas AG's Free Cash Flows, the firm's historical performance, as well as industry trends, opportunities, and risks, were thoroughly analyzed. The paper places special emphasis on the company’s future value drivers in a post-pandemic scenario. With the sporting goods market having a strong recovery and a major shift to digital sales and marketing. The capacity to connect with consumers in the digital world and seize growth in the Women's and Sustainability segments, andGreater China region, will determine success in this industry

Should we protect people with ADHD from playing? A review on the association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Internet Gaming Disorder.

Introdução: Desde a introdução da Perturbação do Jogo pela Internet (PJI) na 5ª edição do Manual de Diagnóstico e Estatística das Perturbações Mentais (DSM-5), tem-se assistido a um rápido desenvolvimento da literatura sobre este assunto. Vários estudos têm abordado as comorbilidades associadas ao jogo patológico, mas poucos se focam especificamente na Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção (PHDA). Esta monografia tem como objetivo rever o conhecimento atual sobre a associação entre PHDA e jogo patológico, assim como as lacunas existentes. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa de artigos em inglês na Pubmed até à data de Setembro de 2019 sobre jogo patológico e PHDA. Literatura adicional sobre o uso excessivo da internet foi também incluída quando o conteúdo sobre jogo era relevante. Foram discutidas as variáveis que influenciam a associação, mecanismos subjacentes e consequências futuras. Resultados: Os estudos publicados desde a DSM-5 revelam que os doentes com PHDA têm um OR de jogo patológico entre 1.27 e 13.51. Na figura 1 encontram-se os fatores que parecem mediar esta associação: impulsividade, hostilidade, desatenção, défice de competências sociais e pobre controlo inibitório. A explicação neurobiológica baseia-se na falta de dopamina caraterística da PHDA e que é suprimida pelo jogo, quando este ativa o sistema de recompensa cerebral dopaminérgico. Como resultado da associação das duas patologias, surge um ciclo vicioso que pode afetar negativamente várias dimensões da vida do doente com PHDA, salientando a importância do controlo do tempo de jogo. Conclusão: A PHDA parece aumentar o risco de jogo patológico quando comparado com a população saudável, no entanto a direccionalidade da associação ainda não é clara devido a limitações metodológicas dos estudos.Introduction: Since Internet Gaming Disorder was included in the Fifth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), there is a growing body of literature concerning this issue. Most studies have focused generally on the comorbidities linked to pathological gaming, while there have been a few focusing specifically on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This review aims to review the knowledge concerning the association between ADHD and pathological gaming and the existing gaps. Methods: Relevant literature on data included in this review were identified through a search of Pubmed in relation to pathological gaming and ADHD for articles in English until September 2019. Additional literature about internet addiction was included when gaming content was considered relevant. Variables influencing the association, underlying mechanisms and consequences in the future were also discussed. Results: Since DSM-5 included IGD, the OR for pathological gaming in ADHD ranged between 1.27 and 13.51. Figure 1 shows the possible factors mediating this association. The literature proposes impulsivity, hostility, inattention, social skills deficits and poor inhibitory control as mediators, based on ADHD lack of dopamine suppressed by gaming, when it activates brain's dopamine reward system. The association between ADHD symptoms and gaming disorder suggests a vicious cycle that can negatively affect varied life dimensions, raising the importance of controlling time playing of ADHD patients. Conclusions: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder seems to increase the risk of pathological gaming when compared to healthy population, but the directionality remains unclear because of methodological weaknesses in the studies

Torre de Babel : mito ou realidade nas relações empresariais

Mestrado em Línguas e Relações EmpresariaisO presente trabalho tenta abordar a evolução da compreensão das línguas no que diz respeito à sua utilidade concreta nas actividades empresariais portuguesas no seu dia-a-dia. O estudo começa por fazer uma síntese do pensamento actual sobre a linguagem e a cultura em geral, antes de se focalizar na análise de um estudo de caso do uso das línguas estrangeiras numa empresa local. ABSTRACT: This work attempts to discuss improvements in the understanding of languages with respect to the usefulness of the latter in the day-to-day activities of businesses in Portugal. The study summarises current thinking about language and culture in general, before focusing upon a case study of the part of foreign languages in a local company

The energy industry market: Maximization of business benefits: The case of the Iberian market

The primary goal of business strategy is to generate and develop competitive advantages by lowering costs or differentiating products. In this context, cost-effective electricity, renewable energy and energy efficiency seem to be actual solutions, allowing managers to create strategic possibilities to build advantages upon competitors. With the intent of leveraging business potential, the main purpose of this study is to provide a holistic analysis of the Iberian electricity industry and understand how businesses can take the greatest advantage of this market. This paper uses a qualitative approach which comprises literature review and semi-structured interviews to learn from market experts and cross acquired data with the theoretical literature to date and real-world business evidence, therefore approximating the theory to practice. A key finding of this study was that the main phenomenon impacting the Iberian electricity sector is the energy transition, which is a core priority of the electricity companies. Following this idea, any business owner with a considerable electricity consumption would benefit from investing in photovoltaic panels. Regarding electricity services contracting, depending on the position of the electricity market (normal, favourable or adverse), company managers should respond with different strategies. One of the limitations of this research is the short territorial coverage. Besides, the data collection process was limited to a restricted number of experts, interfering with a potential generalization.Um dos focos da estratégia empresarial é o desenvolvimento de vantagens competitivas, reduzindo custos ou diferenciando produtos. Neste contexto, a redução do custo de eletricidade, investimento em energias renováveis e eficiência energética revelam-se soluções eficazes, permitindo aos gestores criar estratégias que fortifiquem as suas vantagens perante os concorrentes. Com o intuito de alavancar o potencial empresarial, o presente estudo visa apresentar uma análise holística da indústria elétrica ibérica e demonstrar de que forma as empresas podem beneficiar com este mercado. Para a concretização deste objetivo, esta dissertação baseia-se numa abordagem qualitativa que compreende revisão de literatura e entrevistas semiestruturadas que permitem conhecer a perspetiva de especialistas deste mercado e cruzar dados adquiridos com a literatura e evidências de uma empresa real. Entre os resultados desta tese destacou-se a transição energética como o principal fenómeno atual com impacto no setor elétrico ibérico, revelando-se uma prioridade das empresas energéticas. Neste sentido, constatou-se que qualquer empresário com um consumo considerável de eletricidade beneficiaria com o investimento em painéis fotovoltaicos. Relativamente à contratação de serviços de eletricidade, dependendo do posicionamento do mercado de energia elétrica (normal, favorável ou adverso), os gestores devem responder com diferentes estratégias. Pese-se ainda as limitações deste estudo, nomeadamente o facto da amplitude territorial ser curta. Assim como o processo de recolha de dados se ter limitado a um número restrito de especialistas, interferindo com uma potencial generalização

from media to dictionary

UIDB/03213/2020 UIDP/03213/2020 UID/LIN/03213/2020This paper discusses the creation and use of neologisms resulting from the worldwide situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, its occurrences in the press and social networks and how European Portuguese dictionaries have incorporated them (or not). We selected four neologisms candidates: two units referring to the disease designation (COVID-19; coronavirus, ‘coronavirus’), the other corresponding to a metonym for particular diseases (pandemia, ‘pandemic’) and a prefix element (tele-) related to the way of accomplishing certain tasks in the so-called “new normal” or “post-pandemic scenario”. Our goal is to observe the morphological formation of these units, their uses, and meanings. The data analysis aims to demonstrate the vitality of the lexical neology process in the domain of COVID-19 in a specific period (2019-2021), and how dictionaries are representing the neologisms.publishersversionpublishe

Null subjects in european and Brasilian Portuguese

The goals of this paper are twofold: a) to provide a structural account of the effects of the informal ‘Avoid Pronoun Principle’, proposed in Chomsky (1981: 65) for the Null Subject Languages (NSLs), and b) to compare, in European and Brazilian Portuguese (EP and BP), the distribution of the third person pronouns in its full and null forms, to check whether in written corpora BP incorporates signs of the ongoing loss of the null subject, largely attested in its contemporary spoken language. The strong theoretical claim is that in the Romance non-NSLs the pre-verbal subject is sitting in Spec of IP, while in the Romance NSLs it is Clitic Left-Dislocated (or is extracted by A-bar movement if it belongs to a restricted set of non-referential quantified expressions). The paper provides quantitative evidence that BP is losing the properties associated with the Null Subject Parameter. In its qualitative analysis, it shows that the contrasts between EP and BP are easily accounted for if the two derivations are assumed and if the null subjects in the two varieties are considered to be of a different nature: a pronoun in EP and a pronominal anaphor in BP

Sujeitos indeterminados em PE e PB

This study describes Europen (EP) an Brazilian Portuguese(BP) indefinite subjects. EP prefers the “se”constructions, with and without agreement, while BP tends to use both the overt personal pronouns (você, a gente) and the “se”construction without agreement. The differences are attributed to the on-going loss of the null subject , and of clitics

Psychoanalysis and Problem-Based Learning: Approaches and Potentials

This paper aims to analyze possible convergences between Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Psychoanalysis. It is intended to discuss how psychoanalysis can contribute to the efficiency of PBL. This by proposing reflections on affective and unconscious aspects that PBL may be neglecting. Such aspects may become more conscious and reflected, enhancing the results obtained by the PBL. Among these we can mention: teacher-student relationship; the role of tutor and its relation to the abstinence of narcissistic enjoyment; the positive connotation that can be given to the conflict arising from doubts about the problem, among others; how to deal with always partial knowledge; how to deal with the autonomy to learn and the consequent responsibility