Efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin topical solutions against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting cats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Two studies were conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin topical solutions against the KS1 flea strain infesting cats. In both studies the treatment groups were comprised of non-treated controls, 6% w/v selamectin (Revolution^®; Pfizer Animal Health) topical solution and 10% w/v imidacloprid + 1% w/v moxidectin (Advantage <it>Multi</it>^®for Cats, Bayer Animal Health) topical solution. All cats were infested with 100 fleas on Days -2, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The difference in the studies was that in study #1 efficacy evaluations were conducted at 24 and 48 hours post-treatment or post-infestation, and in study #2 evaluations were conducted at 12 and 24 hours.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In study #1 imidacloprid + moxidectin and the selamectin formulation provided 99.8% and 99.0% efficacy at 24 hours post-treatment. On day 28, the 24 hour efficacy of the selamectin formulation dropped to 87.1%, whereas the imidacloprid + moxidectin formulation provided 98.9% efficacy. At the 48 hour assessments following the 28 day infestations, efficacy of the imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin formulations was 96.8% and 98.3% respectively. In study # 2 the efficacy of the imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin formulations 12 hours after treatment was 100% and 69.4%, respectively. On day 28, efficacy of the imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin formulations 12 hours after infestation was 90.2% and 57.3%, respectively. In study #2 both formulations provided high levels of efficacy at the 24 hour post-infestation assessments, with selamectin and imidacloprid + moxidectin providing 95.3% and 97.5% efficacy, following infestations on day 28.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>At the 24 and 48 hour residual efficacy assessments, the imidacloprid + moxidectin and selamectin formulations were similarly highly efficacious. However, the imidacloprid + moxidectin formulation provided a significantly higher rate of flea kill against the KS1 flea strain infesting cats at every 12 hour post-infestation residual efficacy assessment. Both formulations should provide excellent flea control for an entire month on cats.</p

Elegance in REBT: Reflections on the Ellis and Dryden Sessions with Jane

In this article, I reflect on the one-off sessions that Albert Ellis and I did with Jane. It is clear that Albert Ellis’s work is an example of inelegant or general REBT, while my session is an example of specific or elegant REBT. First, I speculate on the possible reasons why Ellis practised inelegant REBT is his session. Then, I critique my own work covering both what I like and dislike about my work with Jane. I conclude that while I practised elegant REBT with her, my work was flawed in two major respects: (i) failure to target consistently Jane’s demands for change and (ii) introducing changes at A while disputing irrational beliefs at B

Severe flea infestation in dairy calves

In June 1991, an investigation was conducted of a severe flea infestation in 23 Holstein dairy calves in South Central Kansas. Inspection of the dairy revealed massive numbers of fleas on calves and in the barn where they were housed. Analysis of blood samples from 10 calves revealed that nine of them had mild to severe anemia. A management program was initiated consisting of treatments of calves and premises with insecticide and insect growth regulator and removal of straw bedding from the barn. Inspection of the dairy 9 wk after this complete control program was initiated revealed that fleas were not evident on calves or on the premises

Directions and Dilemmas in Massage Therapy Research: A Workshop Report from the 2009 North American Research Conference on Complementary and Integrative Medicine

Background: Massage therapy (MT) is widely used and expanding rapidly, but systematic research on its mechanisms and effects, in contrast with many other therapeutic fields, has a short history. Purpose: To take stock of the current state of MT research, and explore approaches, directions, and strategies with the potential to make the next two decades of MT research optimally productive. Setting: The 2009 North American Research Conference on Complementary and Integrative Medicine held in Minneapolis, MN. Method: Using a modified Delphi method, study authors led an interactive workshop that aimed to identify established MT research findings, needed MT research, weaknesses and limitations in currently available MT research, and directions to pursue in the next two decades of MT research. Participants: Thirty-seven conference attendees included MT researchers, educators, and practitioners, and other health care practitioners who already work interprofessionally with MT who actively participated in the workshop and ensured that a diversity of perspectives were represented. Results: The MT field has made rapid and laudable progress in its short history, but at the same time this short history is probably the main reason for most of the current shortcomings in MT research. Workshop participants, drawing on a diversity of backgrounds, identified many opportunities and strategies for future research. Conclusion: Though lost time can never be recovered, we should not allow our field's late start in research to be a demoralizing handicap to progress. Modern scientific methods and technologies, applied to the range of directions and dilemmas highlighted in this report, can lead to impressive progress in the next 20 years of MT research

Un comentario al texto Coneixences de les monedes de los Memoriales de Pere Miquel Carbonell

Published studies assessing the association between cognitive performance and speech-in-noise perception examine different aspects of each, test different listeners, and often report quite variable associations. By examining the published evidence base using a systematic approach, we aim to identify robust patterns across studies and highlight any remaining gaps in knowledge. We limit our assessment to adult non-hearing aid users with audiometric profiles ranging from normal hearing to moderate hearing loss. A total of 253 articles were independently assessed by two researchers, with 25 meeting the criteria for inclusion. Included articles assessed cognitive measures of attention, memory, executive function, IQ and processing speed. Speech-in-noise measures varied by target (phonemes/syllables, words, sentences) and masker type (unmodulated noise, modulated noise, multi (n>2) talker babble, and n<2 talker babble). The overall association between cognitive performance and speech-in-noise perception was r=0.31. For component cognitive domains, the association with (pooled) speech-in-noise perception were; processing speed (r=0.39), inhibitory control (r=0.34), working memory (r=0.28), episodic memory (r=0.26) and crystalized IQ (r=0.18). Similar associations were shown for the different speech target and masker types. This review suggests a general association of r≈0.3 between cognitive performance and speech perception, although some variability in association appeared to exist depending on cognitive domain and speech-in-noise target or masker assessed. Where assessed, degree of unaided hearing loss did not play a major moderating role. We identify a number of cognitive performance and speech-in-noise perception combinations that have not been tested, and whose future investigation would enable further finer-grained analyses of these relationships

Effect of Turbulence in Wind-Tunnel Measurements

This paper gives some quantitative measurements of wind tunnel turbulence and its effect on the air resistance of spheres and airship models, measurements made possible by the hot wire anemometer and associated apparatus in its original form was described in Technical Report no. 320 and some modifications are presented in an appendix to the present paper. One important result of the investigation is a curve by means of which measurements of the air resistance of spheres can be interpreted to give the turbulence quantitatively. Another is the definite proof that the discrepancies in the results on the N. P. L. Standard airship models are due mainly to differences in the turbulences of the wind tunnels in which the tests were made. An attempt is made to interpret the observed results in terms of the boundary layer theory and for this purpose a brief account is given of the physical bases of this theory and of conceptions that have been obtained by analogy with the laws of flow in pipes

The Measurement of Fluctuations of Air Speed by the Hot-Wire Anemometer

The hot-wire anemometer suggests itself as a promising method for measuring the fluctuating air velocities found in turbulent flow. The only obstacle is the presence of a lag due to the limited energy input which makes even a fairly small wire incapable of following rapid fluctuations with accuracy. This paper gives the theory of the lag and describes an experimental arrangement for compensating for the lag for frequencies up to 100 or more per second when the amplitude of the fluctuation is not too great. An experimental test of the accuracy of compensation and some results obtained with the apparatus in a wind-tunnel air stream are described. While the apparatus is very bulky in its present form, it is believed possible to develop a more portable arrangement. (author

Alleviation of restriction by DNA condensation and non-specific DNA binding ligands

During conditions of cell stress, the type I restriction and modification enzymes of bacteria show reduced, but not zero, levels of restriction of unmethylated foreign DNA. In such conditions, chemically identical unmethylated recognition sequences also occur on the chromosome of the host but restriction alleviation prevents the enzymes from destroying the host DNA. How is this distinction between chemically identical DNA molecules achieved? For some, but not all, type I restriction enzymes, alleviation is partially due to proteolytic degradation of a subunit of the enzyme. We identify that the additional alleviation factor is attributable to the structural difference between foreign DNA entering the cell as a random coil and host DNA, which exists in a condensed nucleoid structure coated with many non-specific ligands. The type I restriction enzyme is able to destroy the ‘naked’ DNA using a complex reaction linked to DNA translocation, but this essential translocation process is inhibited by DNA condensation and the presence of non-specific ligands bound along the DNA