The alkylation of dimethylaniline with ethylene glycol sulfite

The alkylation of ter.-amines with alkylchlorosulfinates and alkylsulfites has been of interest in producing various betaine salts. Most of the work reported in the literature had been with ter.-aliphatic amines, amino acids, pyridine, straight-chain sulfites, and chlorosulfinates. No work has been reported on the alkylation of ter.-aromatic amines with cyclic sulfites and the betaine salts produced. The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and characterize the betaine salt produced by the alkylation of a ter.-aromatic amine with a cyclic sulfite. The reaction chosen was that between dimethylaniline and ethylene glycol sulfite

Joint spectral embeddings of random dot product graphs

Multiplex networks describe a set of entities, with multiple relationships among them, as a collection of networks over a common vertex set. Multiplex networks naturally describe complex systems where units connect across different modalities whereas single network data only permits a single relationship type. Joint spectral embedding methods facilitate analysis of multiplex network data by simultaneously mapping vertices in each network to points in Euclidean space, entitled node embeddings, where statistical inference is then performed. This mapping is performed by spectrally decomposing a matrix that summarizes the multiplex network. Different methods decompose different matrices and hence yield different node embeddings. This dissertation analyzes a class of joint spectral embedding methods which provides a foundation to compare these different approaches to multiple network inference. We compare joint spectral embedding methods in three ways. First, we extend the Random Dot Product Graph model to multiplex network data and establish the statistical properties of node embeddings produced by each method under this model. This analysis facilitates a full bias-variance analysis of each method and uncovers connections between these methods and methods for dimensionality reduction. Second, we compare the accuracy of algorithms which utilize these different node embeddings in a variety of multiple network inference tasks including community detection, vertex anomaly detection, and graph hypothesis testing. Finally, we perform a time and space complexity analysis of each method and present a case study in which we analyze interactions between New England sports fans on the social news aggregation and discussion website, Reddit. These findings provide a theoretical and practical guide to compare joint spectral embedding techniques and highlight the benefits and drawbacks of utilizing each method in practice

Interpretation of post-mortem microbiology cultures: retrospective analysis of children under five years of age from 2011-2015 in Ontario

A retrospective analysis of sudden unexpected child deaths under five years of age was performed at the Ontario Forensic Pathology Service, Ontario, Canada in an attempt to correlate post-mortem microbiological test results to post-mortem macroscopic and microscopic findings. The study focused on a five year period between 2011 and 2015 for a total of 284 cases, of which 180 were of undetermined cause. A spreadsheet was compiled including bacterial and viral findings, autopsy findings, and final diagnosis. All data was extracted from a central computerized pathology database and manually entered into a separate spreadsheet. Microbiological and cause of death data was assigned a presence or absence score in the form of a one or zero. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for each potential combination using a correlation matrix. Correlation coefficients above 7.0 and below -7.0 were considered significant. The significance of microbiological specimens in undetermined causes of death was investigated in this study.Submitted in partial fulfilment of the course FORS 4205

Commedia: Rhetoric And Technology In The Media Commons

This dissertation analyzes the organization of individuals through online social media applications and other community-building websites, such as Facebook, Wikipedia, Google Maps, and online classrooms, using the Aristotelian rhetorical concept of the commonplaces as well as political, critical, and legal theory. Based on these analyses, this dissertation also provides pedagogical recommendations for the teaching of writing with technology in both online and physical classrooms

BAFF regulates B cell survival by downregulating the BH3-only family member Bim via the ERK pathway

The B cell activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) is required for B cell survival and maturation. The mechanisms by which BAFF mediates B cell survival are less understood. We found that BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), which are related, block B cell antigen receptor (BCR)–induced apoptosis upstream of mitochondrial damage, which is consistent with a role for Bcl-2 family proteins. BCR ligation strongly increased expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homology 3–only Bcl-2 protein Bim in both WEHI-231 and splenic B cells, and increases in Bim were reversed by BAFF or APRIL. Small interfering RNA vector–mediated suppression of Bim blocked BCR-induced apoptosis. BAFF also induced Bim phosphorylation and inhibited BCR-induced association of Bim with Bcl-2. BAFF induced delayed but sustained stimulation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and its activators, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK activating kinase (MEK) and c-Raf, and MEK inhibitors promoted accumulation and dephosphorylation of Bim. These results suggest that BAFF inhibits BCR-induced death by down-regulating Bim via sustained ERK activation, demonstrating that BAFF directly regulates Bim function. Although transitional immature type 1 (T1) B cell numbers are normal in Bim−/− mice, T2 and follicular mature B cells are elevated and marginal zone B cells are reduced. Our results suggest that mature B cell homeostasis is maintained by BAFF-mediated regulation of Bim

Actors that Unify Threads and Events

There is an impedance mismatch between message-passing concurrency and virtual machines, such as the JVM. VMs usually map their threads to heavyweight OS processes. Without a lightweight process abstraction, users are often forced to write parts of concurrent applications in an event-driven style which obscures control flow, and increases the burden on the programmer. In this paper we show how thread-based and event-based programming can be unified under a single actor abstraction. Using advanced abstraction mechanisms of the Scala programming language, we implemented our approach on unmodified JVMs. Our programming model integrates well with the threading model of the underlying VM

A taxonomy and evaluation for developing 802.11‐based wireless mesh network testbeds

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92433/1/dac1299.pd