Porous Pavement

Porous concrete is a special type of cementitious material consisting of a slit-graded aggregate coveredwith a thin layer of cement paste and held together by a layer of cement paste which is partially touching. Porousconcrete is concrete with an unbroken cavity that is deliberately inserted into the concrete. Permit stones are madeof asphalt, open pore foams or concrete, below which the rock deposits are present. It allows grip of rainwater and surface runoff, and store in storage and allow it to slowly penetrate into the soil below or be removed by stream tile. Fully permeable floors are installed in which all layers are permeable, and floor makers use water to collect water and minimize the adverse effects of storm water. The basic surface of both sections is open-air information that allows storm water to enter the sub-grade soil for storage. Due to the open-layer nature of the surface layer and the base layer, storm water enters the groundwater layers through layers of floor to recharge andeliminates the need for floodwater construction. When compared to conventional concrete, Porous concrete was found to have high absorptivity and was fabricated of cement, water, and coarse aggregates and is known to havethe advantages for bringing down the discharge and change the quality of water in ground for better. Other benefits of PC include improved road safety, better off road noise, and less "heat island" effects. Low durability, maintenance due to clogging, relative weakness is some of the downsides of the porous concrete which retards its probable use in the large scale projects. Its use has been limited to parking lots, driveways, sidewalks, and roads with low traffic. Even when space is available, collecting and treating large volumes of polluted runoff from impermeable urban highways is usu ally prohibitively costly. As a result, traditional storm water runoff management in cities will be rendered obsolete. Furthermore, if environmental restrictions become more rigorous in the future, many municipalities in metropolitan regions may be required or encouraged to transition from impermeable paved surfaces to permeable paved surfaces, resulting in a greener ur ban surface evolution

Comparison and Evaluation of Prefabricated Mouthguards and Replaced Customized Mouthguards in Children of Bhopal

To assess the change in perspective, when prefabricated mouthguards were replaced with customized mouthguards among children in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Method: This survey was conducted among children between 8 to 18 years age in two phases. The first phase included a 10 item questionnaire to be filled by athletes participating in different sports which consisted of three sections a) mouthguard awareness b) reasons for not wearing a mouthguard and the third section consisted of c) evaluating the level of acceptance of customised mouthguards. The latter part of the survey was completed after 25 randomly selected participants who were made to use customised mouthguards to evaluate the acceptability for the same. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS (21.0 version; Inc., Chicago IL, USA) for descriptive and multivariate analysis, and the level of statistical significance used in this study was at P < 0.005 Results: Use of contact mouthguard was more significant (P-value was 0.0001.) when the use of mouthguards were compared with  non contact sports. It was found that custom made mouthguards are more comfortable than prefabricated one with significant difference (P= 0.051). Conclusion: Custom made mouthguards can prevent dental and orofacial injuries better than the preformed mouthguards. So considering the high level of willingness to wear mouthguards efforts should be made towards increasing the awareness on its benefits. The players were comfortable with custom made mouthguards so it can be proposed to the government officials to make their use mandatory with some subsidy to decrease the number of accident

Provider imposed restrictions to clients’ access to family planning in urban Uttar Pradesh, India: a mixed methods study

BACKGROUND: Medical barriers refer to unnecessary policies or procedures imposed by health care providers that are not necessarily medically advised; these restrictions impede clients’ access to family planning (FP). This mixed methods study investigates provider imposed barriers to provision of FP using recent quantitative and qualitative data from urban Uttar Pradesh, India. METHODS: Baseline quantitative data were collected in six cities in Uttar Pradesh, India from service delivery points (SDP), using facility audits, exit interviews, and provider surveys; for this study, the focus is on the provider surveys. More than 250 providers were surveyed in each city. Providers were asked about the FP methods they provide, and if they restrict clients’ access to each method based on age, parity, partner consent, or marital status. For the qualitative research, we conducted one-on-one interviews with 21 service providers in four of the six cities in Uttar Pradesh. Each interview lasted approximately 45 minutes. RESULTS: The quantitative findings show that providers restrict clients’ access to spacing and long-acting and permanent methods of FP based on age, parity, partner consent and marital status. Qualitative findings reinforce that providers, at times, make judgments about their clients’ education, FP needs and ability to understand FP options thereby imposing unnecessary barriers to FP methods. CONCLUSIONS: Provider restrictions on FP methods are common in these urban Uttar Pradesh sites. This means that women who are young, unmarried, have few or no children, do not have the support of their partner, or are less educated may not be able to access or use FP or their preferred method. These findings highlight the need for in-service training for staff, with a focus on reviewing current guidelines and eligibility criteria for provision of methods

Role of Reservation in Women Empowerment in Haryana Panchayati Raj Institutions

The democratic governance system has developed as the most popular governance system in the modern era, democratic governance system has been adopted in most countries of the world. Under the democratic governance system, it is possible to ensure the participation of common people in governance without any discrimination, which is not possible in any other governance system in such a wide way. The assured participation of the common people in the democratic governance system is not only an indicator of the success of democracy, but it is also important from the point of view of the convenience of governance. The local government system is accepted as a major link to ensure the participation of common people in democracy. Recognizing the importance of the local governance system in Indian democracy, emphasis was laid on the adoption of the local governance system under policy-directive elements in the constitution, which became legally effective in the form of the Panchayati Raj system under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. In the Panchayati Raj system, it was expected to ensure the participation of common people without any discrimination, but due to gender discrimination for centuries, women in India were kept away from governance power, but according to the basic ideals of democracy, freedom, and equality, women in governance power Provision for reservation has been made constitutionally to ensure equal participation of men, so that women can also strengthen the roots of democracy by their participation in governance. Under the Haryana Panchayati Raj Act, of 1994, a provision for reservation has been made for women under the 73rd constitution. The provision of reservation has definitely increased the participation of women in Panchayati Raj Institutions at the local level and women empowerment has been able to get direction

PREVALENCE OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN WESTERN RAJASTHAN: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY: PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Objective: Due to limited study in our region on pulmonary hypertension in chronic kidney disease patients, we planned a study to detect the prevalence of Pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease. An additional objective was to study an association between pulmonary hypertension and CKD stage if any. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 diagnosed cases of CKD (according to different stages based on GFR) and age more than 18 years. All data collected and analyzed by SPSS software. Co-relation co-efficient was used to find out correlation. Results: Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in CKD patients was 15.74%. 47.06% patients were mild, 41.18% patients were moderate and 11.11% patients were in severe pulmonary hypertension. The association between pulmonary hypertension and CKD stage was found statically insignificant. In linear regression between age, CKD stage & duration and PAH was found statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in CKD patients was 15.74%. Pulmonary hypertension had positive correlation with stage of CKD, duration of CKD and age of patients

TO EVALUATE THE MAGNITUDE OF DEPRESSION IN MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objective: To evaluate the Magnitude of Depression in Multi drug resistant tuberculosis Patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Method:  An observational study was carried out in department of Psychiatry and department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory disease G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur for a period of 9 month. The diagnosed MDR-TB patients coming to in-patient and out-patient department of tuberculosis and respiratory disease taking RNTCP regimen (Category IV) for MDR-TB will be screened for depression applying Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRs) score and those patients who showed depression in screening will further send to psychiatry department for the final diagnosis of depression. We also categorized the patients into mild, moderate and severe depression according to Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRs) score. Data was tabulated in Microsoft excel sheet. All categorical variables were analyzed using percentage. Results: We screened 148 MDR TB patients who were taking drug for MDRTB. The average duration of treatment were 5.19 Month.  Out of 148 patients, 56 (37.84%) patients were found to be suffering from depression. Out of 56 Depressed MDR TB Patients 35 (62.5%) were male and 21 (37.5%) were female patients and 26(46.43%) were mild (HDRS Score-8 to 13), 28 (50%) were moderate (HDRS Score-14 to 18) and 2 (3.57%) were severely depressed (HDRS Score-19 to 20). Conclusion: The magnitude of depression in MDR TB Patients taking RNTCP regimen (Category IV) for MDR TB were 37.84 % and out of these patients, 46.43% were mild, 50% were moderate and 3.57% were severely depressed

KS0\mathrm {K_S}^{0}- and (anti-)Λ\Lambda -hadron correlations in pp collisions at s=13{\sqrt{s}} = 13 TeV

International audienceTwo-particle Azimuthal correlations are measured with the ALICE apparatus in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV to explore strangeness- and multiplicity-related effects in the fragmentation of jets and the transition regime between bulk and hard production, probed with the condition that a strange meson ($\mathrm {K_S}^{0}$) or baryon ($\Lambda$) with transverse momentum $p_{\mathrm T} >3$ GeV/$c$ is produced. Azimuthal correlations between kaons or $\Lambda$ hyperons with other hadrons are presented at midrapidity for a broad range of the trigger ($3< p_\mathrm {T}^\mathrm {trigg} < 20$ GeV/$c$) and associated particle $p_{\mathrm T}$ (1 GeV/$c< p_\mathrm {T}^\mathrm {assoc} < p_\mathrm {T}^\mathrm {trigg}$), for minimum-bias events and as a function of the event multiplicity. The near- and away-side peak yields are compared for the case of either $\mathrm {K_S}^{0}$ or $\Lambda$(${\overline{\Lambda }}$) being the trigger particle with that of inclusive hadrons (a sample dominated by pions). In addition, the measurements are compared with predictions from PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC event generators