Intellectual property A catalyst for inclusiveness and empowerment

Intellectual Property (IP) plays a vital role in shaping modern economies and fostering innovation. It grants legal protection to creations such as inventions, artistic works, designs, and trademarks, enabling individuals and businesses to safeguard their intellectual assets. By securing exclusive rights, IP incentivizes creativity, attracts investments, and promotes technological advancements. A well-structured IP system not only benefits inventors but also bridges socio-economic gaps by providing equal opportunities for protection and commercialization. On a global scale, IP frameworks, particularly those developed under agreements like TRIPS, create a legal foundation for enforcing rights while ensuring public access to innovations. India has made significant progress in strengthening its IP regime through legislative reforms and policies such as the National IPR Policy (2016). Despite these efforts, challenges remain, including bureaucratic delays in registration, enforcement inefficiencies, and the need for stronger digital-era protections. Addressing these issues is essential to building investor confidence and fostering sustained economic growth. Historically, nations that prioritized innovation through effective IP policies—such as the Netherlands and Britain—experienced rapid economic expansion. In India, industries like biotechnology and information technology have thrived under IP protection, yet further improvements in enforcement mechanisms and streamlined registration processes are necessary. Key recommendations include expediting approvals, establishing dedicated IP tribunals, raising awareness, and updating laws to align with digital advancements. A robust IP framework serves as a catalyst for inclusivity by empowering creators, supporting economic development, and ensuring access to knowledge. Striking the right balance between protection and accessibility will pave the way for a more equitable and innovation-driven future

Narrative Scenes in Akabar Style Painting: An Analytical Study

Akbar (1556-1605CE), was an extraordinary ruler, who not only consolidated the political power of his empire but also greatly influenced the artistic and cultural life of India. while consolidating Mughal dynastic empire in India, evolved a court style of painting, usually designated as the “Mughal style” painting. It was a rolling art movement which started with fusion of the Timurid style with local (Pre Rajsthani) painting tradition. A large atelier of painters worked for him and mostly produced illustrated manuscript besides individual paintings

Choe-kor: A blessing for abundance (An analytical study)

The Tawang district and West Kameng are home to the Monpas, one of the largest tribes in Arunachal Pradesh. All tribal cultures, including the Monpas, are characterized by dances, songs, folktales, art and crafts, music and festivals. The Monpas enjoy major festivals like Losar, Torgya, Choe-kor etc. Choe-kor is a traditional Buddhist festival celebrated in the seventh month of lunar calendar at community level commemorating the year’s first harvest. This ceremony has significance since it portrays the rituals carried out for the protection and prosperity of the agricultural yields, which is one of the main occupations of the Monpas. It is performed with an intention for everyone\u27s prosperity, supernatural protection of the community and to ward off evil spirits rather than just a plentiful harvest. Nowadays, it is found that with modernization, globalization and occupational shift, decreased priority is given to such traditions and practices. The purpose of the paper is to study the rituals involved in Choe-kor and to examine its importance in the lives of the Monpas and to discuss strategies for preserving it

Understanding the Grounds and Consequences of Trademark Registration Refusal Under Indian Trade Mark Laws

Section 9 of the Trademark Act addresses the absolute grounds for the refusal of trademark registration. It delineates various criteria that a mark must satisfy to qualify for registration primarily, a trademark must possess a distinctive character capable of distinguishing the goods services of one entity from those of another. Marks that are devoid of distinctiveness, such as generic terms or, or those that merely describe the goods or services do not qualify. Additionally, trademarks that are misleading, scandalous, or offend public policy may also be refused registration. This section aims to prevent registration of marks that do not fulfill the essential functions of a trademark, thereby protecting the interest of consumers and ensuring fair competition in the market. Section 11 on the other hand, provides specific relative grounds for refusal of registration. It primarily focuses on the likelihood of confusing arises from from the similarity of a proposed trademark with existing registered marks. If a mark is identical or similar to an already registered mark, and the goods or services are of a similar nature, the application for registration may be refused. This section emphasizes the importance of prior rights, ensuring that existing trademark holders are not jeopardized by new applications that could confuse consumers. It also includes provisions targeting the protection of well-known trademarks, recognizing their status in preventing unauthorized use that may lead to dilution or unfair advantage. Together, Sections 9 and 11 establish a balanced framework that safeguards both the rights of trademark owners and the interests of consumers, fostering a competitive market environment in India. This paper analyses the grounds and their consequences of trademark registration under the Indian trade mark laws

Sonic Waves in Organic Amalgamation: A passageway to Sustainable Chemical methods

Ultrasound is a necessary method to get better organic synthesis from the point of green chemistry as it can promote better yields and selectivity’s in addition to shorter rejoinder times when compared to the conservative method. Period when Sonication smooths the progress of the rapid distraction of solids decomposition of organic including inherited machinery as well as the formation of porous equipment. Sonochemistry, the application of ultrasound to chemical reactions, emerges as a promising green technology in organic synthesis. Acoustic cavitation’s, the formation and violent collapse of bubbles within the reaction medium, generate localized zones of extreme temperatures and pressures. These unique conditions enhance reaction rates, look up yields, and often enable reactions to proceed under milder conditions compared to conventional methods.  Application includes accelerate C-C connection formations, facilitating oxidations and reductions, and enhancing heterogeneous catalysis. By minimizing energy consumption, reducing waste generation, and enabling the use of milder reagents, Sonochemistry aligns with the principles of green chemistry, offering a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to organic synthesis

Representation of Women in The Novels of Ravinder Singh: A Critical Study

This research explores the representation of women in the novels of Ravinder Singh, a prominent voice in contemporary Indian romantic fiction. Singh’s narratives, often drawn from real-life experiences, portray women as complex individuals navigating love, loss, ambition, and societal expectations. Through characters such as Khushi in I Too Had a Love Story, Simar in Can Love Happen Twice? and Rupali in Your Dreams Are Mine Now, Singh presents diverse images of womanhood—ranging from traditional values to modern independence. This study examines how his female characters balance emotional sensitivity with resilience, often serving as catalysts for personal growth in their male counterparts. It also analyzes the extent to which Singh challenges or reinforces stereotypical gender roles within the socio-cultural landscape of contemporary India.The research paper employs a thematic analysis, supported by feminist literary criticism, to understand the portrayal of women as agents of change rather than mere romantic ideals. By highlighting emotional depth, professional aspirations, and moral strength, Singh’s depiction of women contributes meaningfully to the evolving discourse on gender in Indian English literature. This study aims to highlight the nuanced, empathetic, and sometimes idealized portrayal of women that marks Ravinder Singh’s contribution to the genre

Mahakavi Kalidas Ki Rachnao me Varnit Prakrati-chitran

Kalidasa is one of the best poets and dramatists of Sanskrit literature. He has been considered as one of the Navaratnas of the assembly of King Vikramaditya, of which Kalidasa was the chief one. Kalidasa, who had a deep devotion to Indian culture, considered happiness as the philosophy of life and composed poetry as its means. He has extended this joy in his epics and metaphors. In a composition called Ritusanhara, he has described six seasons which have an effect on lovers. In each of the six cantos, one season is described. All the seasons have been described in this volume in a simple and natural poem, in which summer, rain, autumn, hemant, shishir and spring seasons have been kept respectively. The composition Meghdoot is the best poem in the lyrics. In this too, the depiction of Ramgiri Mountain and Alkapuri Marg is amazing. Here Megh has been made the messenger of the Yaksha by Kalidasa. In Kumarasambhava, he has presented a description of the Himalayas in the first canta, a unique nature depiction of the arrival of spring in the third canto. In the Raghuvamsa, he has called the Nandini cow between King Dilipa and Queen Sudakshina in the second canto as day (Dilip), night (Sudakshina) and evening redness (Nandini) respectively. Abhijnanashakuntalam in Sanskrit literature is the Shiromani gem in plays. Kalidas has a special place not only in Indian literature but in the whole world literature. Because of which he is called Mahakavi and Kavikulguru. In the play Abhijnanashakuntalam, Kalidasa has beautifully expressed love for nature. This play is a unique publisher of the values of Indian culture. Therefore, his love for nature is clearly expressed in the compositions of Kalidasa

Maharshi Gherand ke Ghatasth Yog Evam Swami Charandas ke Astang Yog Ka tulnatmak Addhyan: A Comparative Study of Maharishi Gheranda\u27s Ghatastha Yoga and Swami Charandas\u27 Ashtanga Yoga

The Ghatashtha Yoga authored by Maharishi Gheranda and the Ashtanga Yoga written by Swami Charandas are both excellent systems of yogic practice. While there are many similarities between Ghatashtha Yoga and Ashtanga Yoga, some differences also exist. However, both yoga systems contribute to the physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being of an individual. In Ashtanga Yoga by Swami Charandas, the eight limbs of yoga are elaborated upon, while in Ghatashtha Yoga by Maharishi Gheranda, seven limbs of yoga are described, earning it the alternative name Saptanga Yoga. Swami Charandas begins his Ashtanga Yoga with Yama and Niyama, considering them the foundation of yogic practice. According to him, achieving success in yoga without practicing Yama and Niyama is difficult. However, in Ghatashtha Yoga, there is no mention of Yama and Niyama. Maharishi Gheranda begins Ghatashtha Yoga with purification techniques, asserting that success in yoga is impossible without cleansing the body. Swami Charandas describes purification techniques in his text Bhakti Sagar, but these techniques are not included in his Ashtanga Yoga. Ghatashtha Yoga includes 32 asanas, whereas Ashtanga Yoga highlights only two main asanas: Siddhasana and Padmasana. In Ghatashtha Yoga, there is a description of eight types of pranayama: Sahita, Surya Bhedana, Ujjayi, Sheetali, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Moorchha, and Kevali pranayama. Similarly, Swami Charandas\u27 Ashtanga Yoga also describes eight types of pranayama. However, instead of Sahita pranayama, Sheetkari pranayama is mentioned, while the remaining types are the same. Both Ghatashtha Yoga and Ashtanga Yoga describe Pratyahara as a means to turn the senses and mind inward. In Ashtanga Yoga, Swami Charandas explains Dharana as the sixth limb, emphasizing the contemplation of the five elements. Conversely, Maharishi Gheranda, in Ghatashtha Yoga, describes 25 mudras, five of which represent the five elemental contemplations: Parthivi Dharana (Earth), Ambhasi Dharana (Water), Agneyi Dharana (Fire), Vayaviya Dharana (Air), Akashi Dharana (Ether)

Yam-Niyam ke Adhunik Jeevan Par Padne wale Prabhav ki Sameeksha: A Review of the Impact of Yama and Niyama on Modern Life

The practice of Yama and Niyama in modern life has a profound impact on an individual\u27s psychological functioning and leads to improvements in mental well-being. The tendency toward indulgence is naturally found in humans and is also essential for survival. However, if we lack a sense of contentment, we cannot find happiness even after acquiring more than enough. In reality, the way to attain true happiness is to reduce our needs and find satisfaction within them. The practice of Yama and Niyama has a positive effect on stress, anxiety, and depression arising from mental health disturbances. By practicing these principles, subtle refinement of the senses, mind, and body takes place, mental disorders are alleviated, and mental stability is achieved. Our sages have given us Yama and Niyama as two fundamental components of Ashtanga Yoga. Imbalance or improper adherence to these principles leads to mental and physical disorders. Modern science also acknowledges that most diseases originate from the mind and manifest in the body; these are known as psychosomatic diseases. The practice of Yama and Niyama has a profound influence on our life and health

Delay in Prosecution-Causes and Effects: An analytical Study

The Prosecution is a prime aspect of the legal system which serves as the mechanism through which all the violations of the law which happens in the life of an individual and the artificial entities are addressed and adjudicated. It is a process that involves various stages, objectives, and people, all aiming on upholding the rule of law and guarantee that the justice is served. At its core, prosecution involves the initiation and pursuit of legal action against individuals or entities suspected of committing crimes or offenses. This responsibility typically falls on government authorities, such as district attorneys or prosecutors, who represent the interests of the state or society at large. The process begins with the gathering of evidence and the determination of whether there is sufficient cause to bring charges against the accused. Once charges are filed, the prosecution\u27s primary goal is to prove the guilt of the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt. This entails presenting evidence, calling witnesses, and making legal arguments in a court of law. Prosecutors are tasked with constructing a compelling case that demonstrates the defendant\u27s culpability and justifies the imposition of penalties or sanctions as prescribed by law. Prosecution is not solely concerned with securing convictions; it also serves broader objectives related to deterrence, rehabilitation, and the maintenance of public order. By holding individuals accountable for their actions and imposing consequences for unlawful behavior, prosecution helps deter future criminal conduct and reinforces respect for the law within society. More ever, prosecution plays a vital role in safeguarding the rights and interests of victims, ensuring they receive due process and have the opportunity to seek redress for the harms they have suffered. Prosecutors advocate on behalf of victims, representing their interests throughout the legal proceedings and striving to achieve a sense of closure and justice for those affected by crime. Overall, prosecution embodies the principles of fairness, accountability, and the rule of law. It is an indispensable function of the legal system, essential for maintaining social order, protecting individual rights, and upholding the foundational values of justice and equality under the law. An overview of delay in prosecution encompasses understanding the concept, its significance, and the multifaceted nature of its impact on the criminal justice system and society at large