Hydrology of the Central Arctic River Basins of Alaska

The work upon which this report is based was supported in part by funds (Project A-031-ALAS) provided by the United States Department of Interior, Office of Water Resources Research, as authorized under the Water Resources Act of 1964, as amended

Effects of seasonability and variability of streamflow on nearshore coastal areas: final report

General nature and scope of the study: This study examines the variability of streamflow in all gaged Alaskan rivers and streams which terminate in the ocean. Forty-one such streams have been gaged for varying periods of time by the U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division. Attempts have been made to characterize streamflow statistically using standard hydrological methods. The analysis scheme which was employed is shown in the flow chart which follows. In addition to the statistical characterization, the following will be described for each stream when possible: 1. average period of break-up initiation (10-day period) 2. average period of freeze-up (10-day period) 3. miscellaneous break-up and freeze-up data. 4. relative hypsometric curve for each basin 5. observations on past ice-jam flooding 6. verbal description of annual flow variation 7. original indices developed in this study to relate streamflow variability to basin characteristics and regional climate.This study was supported under contract 03-5-022-56, Task Order #4, Research Unit #111, between the University of Alaska and NOAA, Department of Commerce to which funds were provided by the Bureau of Land Management through an interagency agreement

Physics of Single-Top Quark Production at Hadron Colliders

We discuss the physics of single-top quark production and decay at hadron colliders, such as the Tevatron, the \tevstar~and the LHC. Our study includes how to measure the mass and the width of the top quark produced from a {\hbox{single-$t$}} or a single-$\bar t$ process. We also show how to probe new physics by studying the couplings of $t$-${b}$-$W$ and show what can be improved from measuring the production rate of single-top events. We also discuss how to probe CP properties of the top quark by measuring the single-top production rate. Finally, we present a Monte Carlo study on the detection of single-top events in hadron collisions.Comment: Thesis, 102 pages, Latex, needs 45 figures (not included). All Tex files and the associated analysis package ONETOP may be obtained via anonymous ftp at ftp://cteq14.pa.msu.edu/pub/carlson_d

Probing New Physics from the Single-Top Production

We show that the production rate of the single-top quark event from the $W$-gluon fusion process is sensitive to new physics which strongly modifies the interactions of the top quark. The measurement of its production rate gives the partial decay width of the top quark which combined with the branching ratio measurement from the $t \bar t$ pair event determines the lifetime of the top quark.Comment: 7 pages, uuencoded PS file. Talk given by C.-P. Yuan at the Workshop on Physics of the Top Quark, IITAP, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, May 25 \& 26, 199

Supersymmetric Noncommutative QED and Lorentz Violation

We consider Lorentz-violating operators induced at the loop level in softly-broken supersymmetric noncommutative QED. Dangerous operators forbidden in the supersymmetric limit are generated via finite corrections, with the scale of supersymmetry breaking serving as a gauge-invariant regulator. We compare the most dangerous loop effects to those obtained in noncommutative theories truncated by a momentum-space cutoff, and find significantly improved bounds.Comment: 11 pages LaTeX, 4 eps figure

The D=1 Matrix Model and the Renormalization Group

We compute the critical exponents of $d = 1$ string theory to leading order, using the renormalization group approach recently suggested by Br\'{e}zin and Zinn-Justin.Comment: 8 pages, Latex, CERN-TH-6546/9

A Model Antitrust Policy for Colleges and Universities

The Ivy League schools and others that have been investigated in the Department of justice\u27s (DO]) probe of purported student financial aid price-fixing spent thousands of dollars responding to the DO]\u27s inquiries. Those institutions that were actually sued spent hundreds of thousands of dollars negotiating a settlement. The prudent college is now seeking ways to avoid such costs in the future, and to maximize the likelihood that it is complying with the antitrust laws. Nothing can be done to change past conduct, but schools can plan to monitor and, in certain instances, alter future conduct to avoid the pitfalls of the antitrust laws. A large part of that planning is the adoption of a realistic, understandable antitrust policy which should be followed by financial aid administrators. The focal point of this article is a model antitrust policy for a college or university directed toward financial aid, tuition, and faculty salaries. It does not purport to-and probably could not-cover every area where a school could run into antitrust difficulties. But as a guideline, this model policy provides a beginning for developing an antitrust policy for any educational institution. An antitrust policy cannot be effective unless school personnel are informed about it and adhere to it. Adoption of a policy is the first step; the second step is adoption of a means of ensuring compliance with the policy. This article focuses on the first step, an antitrust policy specifically directed to colleges and universities

Promoting Species Establishment in a Phragmites-dominated Great Lakes Coastal Wetland

This study examined efforts to promote species establishment and maintain diversity in a Phragmites-dominated wetland where primary control measures were underway. A treatment experiment was performed at Crane Creek, a drowned-river-mouth wetland in Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge along the shore of western Lake Erie. Following initial aerial spraying of Phragmites with glyphosate, this study tested combinations of cutting, raking, and additional hand spraying of Phragmites with glyphosate as methods to promote growth of other wetland species and increase plant diversity. Percent-cover vegetation data were collected in permanent plots before and after treatments, and follow-up sampling was performed the following year. Increased species richness, species emergence, and relative dominance of non-Phragmites taxa were used as measures of treatment success. We also examined treatment effects on Phragmites cover. Dimensionality of seedbank and soil properties was reduced using principal component analysis. With the exception of nitrogen, soil nutrients affected species establishment, non-Phragmites taxa dominance, and Phragmites cover. A more viable seedbank led to greater species emergence. Treatments had differential effects on diversity depending on elevation and resulting degree of hydrologic inundation. Whereas raking to remove dead Phragmites biomass was central to promoting species establishment in dry areas, spraying had a greater impact in continually inundated areas. For treatment success across elevations into the year following treatments, spraying in combination with cutting and raking had the greatest effect. The results of this study suggest that secondary treatments can produce a short-term benefit to the plant community in areas treated for Phragmites