Época e técnica de poda verde de pessegueiro na obtenção dos frutos de qualidade

One of the aspects that it should be considered in the fresh fruit market peach is the fruit quality. The visual aspect is the most important factor, it being the skin color relevant because it is associated with the fruit maturation and flavor. One of cultural techniques to improve the fruit quality is summer pruning, which has as main purpose to increase light penetration within the canopy tree and consequently it to promote the pigmentation, as well as improvements in the fruit flavor. However, this technique can to present results variable according to the time and manner in which it was realized. The aim of this work was evaluate the time and management type for summer pruning to obtain peach quality. The work was carried out at commercial orchard from Dois Vizinhos city, Paraná State, Brazil, in 2009/2010, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 cycle. It was used Charme and Maciel peach varieties. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial 3. x 3 (summer pruning time x summer pruning management type), with 4 replications of two plants by plot. The summer pruning time were in the third, fourth and fifth week before harvest. First the cultural practices were realized removal vigorous vertical shoot inside and in the base of crown, break shoots and bad shoots position in the tree. The second in the bending shoots in the tree. The yield and physiology characteristics tree on orchard in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 cycle and fruit physical-chemical- biochemistry variables were evaluated on Plant Physiology Laboratory. It was concluded that the summer pruning use in Charme and Maciel peach tree during four and five weeks before harvest, with the pruning and beding shoot increased the fruit quality.Um dos aspectos que devem ser considerados no mercado de frutas frescas de pessegueiro é a qualidade de seus frutos. Considera-se a aparência como fator importante, sendo a coloração da epiderme relevante, pois se associa com a maturação e o sabor dos frutos. Uma das técnicas de manejo que visam melhorar a qualidade dos frutos é a poda verde, que tem como intuito principal de aumentar a penetração da luz no interior da copa e consequentemente favorecer a pigmentação, bem como, melhorar o sabor dos frutos. Porém, esta técnica pode apresentar resultados variáveis, de acordo com a época e a forma em que a mesma é realizada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de determinar o período e a forma de execução da poda verde para melhorar a qualidade dos frutos de pessegueiros. O trabalho foi conduzido em pomar comercial no município de Dois Vizinhos (PR), nos ciclos produtivos 2009/2010,2010/2011 e 2011/2012. Foi utilizados pêssegos dos cultivares Charme e Maciel. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (época da poda verde x técnica de manejo da poda verde), com 4 repetições, constituindo-se cada parcela de 2 plantas. As épocas de realização da poda verde foram na terceira, quarta e quinta semanas antes da colheita. As técnicas de manejo foram primeiro, baseadas na retirada dos ramos ladrões no interior e na base dos ramos, ramos quebrados e mal posicionados e, segundo no dobramento destes, permanecendo-os ligados a planta. A campo foi avaliado a capacidade produtiva das plantas e análises fisiológicas nos ciclos 2010/2011 e 2011/2012, e em laboratório foram analisadas as características físico-química e bioquímica dos frutos. Conclui se ao final deste trabalho que o uso da poda verde em plantas de pessegueiro Charme e Maciel a cinco e quatro semanas antes da colheita, com a técnica de corte e de dobramento dos ramos proporcionou melhorias na qualidade de seus frutos

Rare earth elements recycling potential estimate based on end-of-life NdFeB permanent magnets from mobile phones and hard disk drives in Brazil

Besides neodymium, the chemical composition of Neodymium–Iron–Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets possibly contains other rare earth elements (REEs) such as praseodymium, dysprosium, and terbium. Among its applications, NdFeB magnets are essential for Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in computers for data storage, in Mobile Phones (MPs), and in acoustic transducers. Because REEs were classified as critical raw materials by the European Union and the USA, the recycling of them has become an important strategy to diminish supply risk. Therefore, in this publication, the authors have uncovered the recycling potential estimate (RPE) of these four REEs from both end-of-life (EoL) secondary sources. The results were based on the time-step method, using in-use stock and sales data from Brazil over the last decade (2010–2019). Moreover, the NdFeB magnets were characterized by content and weight to a more accurate RPE. The EoL generation over the decade studied showed different scenarios for MPs and HDDs, mainly due to lifespan, social behavior regarding storage and usage, and resources. Under those circumstances, the RPE revealed 211.30 t of REEs that could return as raw materials in the last decade, of which approximately 80% is neodymium. Unfortunately, recycling rates are still too low, even more so in Brazil, which is problematic for the future REE supply chain and electronic waste figures

Aplicação pré-colheita de extratos vegetais em morangueiro.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais de folhas de pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora), flores de calêndula (Calendula officinalis) e capítulo floral de cravo da índia (Syzygium aromaticum), além de calda bordalesa, sobre a indução de resistência a doenças pós-colheita de morango quando aplicados na pré-colheita. O trabalho a campo foi realizado em uma propriedade rural, com sistema de cultivo agroecológico, localizada no município de Pérola D´Oeste, e os estudos laboratoriais foram desenvolvidos na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos – PR. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, utilizando-se a campo 20 plantas por parcela e 20 frutos por bandeja na pós-colheita. Os extratos vegetais foram aplicados utilizando-se a concentração de 10% e a calda bordalesa a 1%. As avaliações foram realizadas no momento da colheita e após quatro dias de armazenamento dos frutos à temperatura de 24oC ±2, sendo avaliados os parâmetros físico-químicos de incidência de podridões, firmeza de polpa, perda de massa, sólidos solúveis totais (SST) e acidez titulável; e os bioquímicos de açucares totais e redutores, teor de proteínas e atividade da enzima fenilalanina amônialiase (FAL). Os extratos vegetais de folhas de pitangueira, flores de calêndula e capítulo floral de cravo da índia, além de calda bordalesa apresentaram efeito sobre aos SST e acidez titulável no momento da colheita, bem como nos níveis de açucares totais na pós-colheita, no entanto, os tratamentos não interferem nos parâmetros de incidência de podridões, perda de massa, firmeza de polpa e atividade da FAL

Substrate and indolebutyric acid in the rooting of pomegranate cuttings collected in two seasons

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) presents potential for commercial exploitation as a fruit, ornamental or medicinal plant. However, for its usage in orchards, it is ideal that the seedlings come from vegetative propagation techniques. The aim of this work was to test the usage of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates, at two harvesting times (before and after fruiting) in the cutting propagation of pomegranate. The work was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (IBA concentration x substrate), with four replications and ten cuttings per experimental unit. IAB was tested at concentrations 0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1. The used substrates were Red Latosol, medium textured sand, commercial substrate MecPlant® and a mixture of Red Latosol + sand + commercial (1:1:1, v/v). The cuttings were placed in beds in a screened protected environment, with 50% shading. Irrigation was performed three times a day for 30 min., by a micro sprinkler. After 60 days, rooting (%), cuttings with callus (%), number of primary leaf and root shoots, length of the three largest roots and percentage of dead cuttings were evaluated. Cutting presented itself as a potential technique to be adopted for pomegranate, using sand, with the use of IBA at concentrations between 1600 and 1750 mg L-1. Cuttings must be collected before fruiting. However, rhizogenesis close to 50% was achieved at the time after such phenological stage

Phenological growth stages of Gaúcho tomato based on the BBCH scale

The phenological growth stages of Gaúcho tomato were firstly described here using the BBCH scale. Based on this general scale, tomato gaúcho phenology showed 8 of 10 principal stages: germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, inflorescence emergency, flowering, fruit development, maturity of fruit and senescence. A practical use of the scale is proposed, with particular reference to harvest time and management treatments. This scale aims to support farmers and researchers to efficiently plan management practices and experimental treatments. &nbsp

Interspecies DNA acquisition by a naturally competent Acinetobacter baumannii strain

The human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii possesses high genetic plasticity and frequently acquires antimicrobial resistance genes. Here we investigated the role of natural transformation in these processes. Genomic DNA from different sources, including from carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, was mixed with A. baumannii A118 cells. Selected transformants were analysed by whole-genome sequencing. In addition, bioinformatics analyses and in silico gene flow prediction were also performed to support the experimental results. Transformant strains included some that became resistant to carbapenems or changed their antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Foreign DNA acquisition was confirmed by whole-genome analysis. The acquired DNA most frequently identified corresponded to mobile genetic elements, antimicrobial resistance genes and operons involved in metabolism. Bioinformatics analyses and in silico gene flow prediction showed continued exchange of genetic material between A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae when they share the same habitat. Natural transformation plays an important role in the plasticity of A. baumannii and concomitantly in the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains.Fil: Traglia, German Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Place, Kori. California State University; Estados UnidosFil: Dotto, Cristian Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Jennifer. California State University; Estados UnidosFil: Montaña, Sabrina Daiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Bahiense, Camila dos Santos. California State University; Estados UnidosFil: Soler Bistue, Alfonso J. C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Iriarte, Andres. Universidad de la Republica. Facultad de Medicina; UruguayFil: Perez, Federico. Louis Stokes Cleveland Department Of Veterans Affairs; Estados UnidosFil: Tolmasky, Marcelo E.. California State University; Estados UnidosFil: Bonomo, Robert A.. Louis Stokes Cleveland Department Of Veterans Affairs; Estados UnidosFil: Melano, Roberto Gustavo. Public Health Ontario Laboratories; CanadáFil: Ramirez, Maria Soledad. California State University; Estados Unido

Packing, moisture and environment for conservation of ‘jabuticatree açu’ seeds during storage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of ‘jabuticaree açu’ [Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Berg] seeds according to water loss and packaging conservation conditions. Two experiments were carried out at UTFPR - Dois Vizinhos Campus, Parana State, Brazil. For the first experiment, the seeds were submitted to the hydro conditioning process by soaking in water during 24 hours with subsequently storage in a BOD chamber at 25°C for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each. For the second experiment the seeds were separated into three lots: PET® bottles with lids, kraft® paper bags at room temperature and in cold storage (6°C±1°C). Each lot was stored during 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 3x11 factorial (storage location x storage period), with four repetitions of 50 seeds each. Plinia cauliflora seeds present storage capacity of 96 hours at room temperature without loss of germination capacity, when previous hydro conditioning was carried out. Storage using Pet® bottles at room temperature for up to 25 days allows seeds viability.The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of ‘jabuticaree açu’ [Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Berg] seeds according to water loss and packaging conservation conditions. Two experiments were carried out at UTFPR - Dois Vizinhos Campus, Parana State, Brazil. For the first experiment, the seeds were submitted to the hydro conditioning process by soaking in water during 24 hours with subsequently storage in a BOD chamber at 25°C for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each. For the second experiment the seeds were separated into three lots: PET® bottles with lids, kraft® paper bags at room temperature and in cold storage (6°C±1°C). Each lot was stored during 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 3x11 factorial (storage location x storage period), with four repetitions of 50 seeds each. Plinia cauliflora seeds present storage capacity of 96 hours at room temperature without loss of germination capacity, when previous hydro conditioning was carried out. Storage using Pet® bottles at room temperature for up to 25 days allows seeds viability

Loops de histerese na evapotranspiração em área de pastagem no sul do Brasil

One of the main components of water and energy balance in terrestrial ecosystems, the evapotranspiration (ET), was estimated using the eddy covariance technique. To better understand these energy transfer processes it is necessary to know how the ET responds to different meteorological variables. The main objective of this work is to investigate the hysteresis response of ET to environmental variables including air temperature (Temp), vapor pressure deficit (DPV) and net radiation (Rn) at a diel timescale for a pasture area in southern Brazil. ET presents hysteresis with DPV and Temp, responding more strongly to the vapor pressure deficit.Um dos principais componentes nos balanços de água e energia em ecossistemas terrestres, a evapotranspiração (ET), foi estimada utilizando a técnica de covariância de vórtices. Para melhor compreender os processos de transferência de energia é necessário o conhecimento de como a ET responde as diferentes variáveis meteorológicas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar a resposta de histerese de ET às principais variáveis meteorológicas, que incluem temperatura do ar (Temp), déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV) e saldo de radiação (Rn) em uma escala de tempo diária para uma área de pastagem do Sul do Brasil. ET apresenta histerese com DPV e Temp, respondendo mais fortemente ao déficit de pressão de vapor

Behavior of piles and indolbutyric or homeopathic prepared acid Arnica montana spread of false-erica

The market for flowers and ornamental plants is growing. Since the false-érica (Cuphea gracilis) is a plant with many uses in the landscape, adapting to partial shade or full sun can be used for ground covers or chromatic combinations with other plants. Usually, the false-erica is propagated by seeds or by cuttings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the size of stakes and the concentration of IBA (indole butyric acid) and prepared homeopathic base of Arnica montana in rooting false-erica stakes. The collection of cuttings was carried out in arrays plants grown in gardens in standard sizes 6 and 12 cm in length, and were treated with IBA at concentrations of 0; 1.000 and 2.000 mg L-1 in addition to the homeopathic preparation A. montana 12 CH. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial [length x stake stimulant treatment], with 4 replications of 10 cuttings per plot. After 45 days, they were evaluated percentage of rooted and dead cuttings, root length (cm), number of shoots and number of leaves. The concentrations of AIB, and the application of homeopathy stimulated the adventitious rooting processes of this kind

A brincadeira, a educação ambiental e a geografia: conexões e reflexões a partir da interação universidade-escola

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar algumas práticas e resultados do projeto “OFICINA TRABALHANDO A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR MEIO DE ATIVIDADES LÚDICAS”, no qual o objetivo foi promover discussões a respeito dos problemas socioambientais locais e realizar atividades lúdicas que estimulassem as crianças a pensarem em possíveis soluções para estas questões. Buscou-se durante os anos trabalhados valorizar os saberes, os sentimentos e as experiências dos educandos para com a sua realidade, interrelacionando escola e comunidade na abordagem das questões socioambientais deste espaço. Procurou-se utilizar a ludicidade como uma ferramenta que mobiliza e instiga as crianças para refletir e trabalhar questões referentes ao seu espaço próximo, sensibilizando e mobilizando os educandos para as problemáticas locais que antes passavam despercebidas. Foca-se este estudo nas atividades desenvolvidas na Escola Celina de Moraes, durante o ano de 2010, onde os resultados puderam ser observados não apenas em sala de aula, mas também na comunidade através do despertar e do zelo para com o lugar e para com as pessoas