Intraoceanic subduction system within the Neo-Tethys: evidence from Late Cretaceous arc magmatic rocks of the eastern Himalaya

The tectonic evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean remains highly controversial, with several models existing in the community that conflict with each other. Here, we present new geochronologic and geochemical data for orthogneisses and amphibolites from the Greater Himalayan Sequence, eastern Himalayan orogen, which indicate that these rocks have Cenozoic metamorphic ages (∼52–3 Ma), but were derived from Late Cretaceous (∼89 Ma) magmas with arc-like and depleted mantle geochemical signatures. Considering that northern India was a passive continental margin during the Mesozoic, and the previously reported Late Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the eastern Himalaya formed in a continental rifting setting, we suggest that the studied Late Cretaceous arc-type magmatic rocks formed in an intraoceanic arc setting within the Neo-Tethys, and accreted onto the passive margin of the Indian continent prior to the terminal continental collision. When combined with the existence of Late Mesozoic and intraoceanic arc-type magmatic rocks in the western Himalaya, we suggest that a huge Late Cretaceous subduction system operated within the eastern Neo-Tethys Ocean. This study supports two subduction zones having been responsible for the consumption and closure of the Neo-Tethys basin, and a two-stage collision history between India, Asia, and the intermediate island arc system. Our data therefore provide important constraints on the evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and India-Asia collisional orogeny in southern Tibet

Enhancing Mixup-Based Graph Learning for Language Processing via Hybrid Pooling

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently been popular in natural language and programming language processing, particularly in text and source code classification. Graph pooling which processes node representation into the entire graph representation, which can be used for multiple downstream tasks, e.g., graph classification, is a crucial component of GNNs. Recently, to enhance graph learning, Manifold Mixup, a data augmentation strategy that mixes the graph data vector after the pooling layer, has been introduced. However, since there are a series of graph pooling methods, how they affect the effectiveness of such a Mixup approach is unclear. In this paper, we take the first step to explore the influence of graph pooling methods on the effectiveness of the Mixup-based data augmentation approach. Specifically, 9 types of hybrid pooling methods are considered in the study, e.g., $\mathcal{M}_{sum}(\mathcal{P}_{att},\mathcal{P}_{max})$. The experimental results on both natural language datasets (Gossipcop, Politifact) and programming language datasets (Java250, Python800) demonstrate that hybrid pooling methods are more suitable for Mixup than the standard max pooling and the state-of-the-art graph multiset transformer (GMT) pooling, in terms of metric accuracy and robustness

MixCode: Enhancing Code Classification by Mixup-Based Data Augmentation

peer reviewe

Multimodal evaluation of the bloodstream alteration before and after combined revascularization for Moyamoya disease

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the hemodynamic changes before and after anastomosis in patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) using multiple models.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 42 MMD patients who underwent combined revascularization. Intraoperative FLOW800 was performed before and after anastomosis, and parameters was collected, including maximum intensity, delay time, rise time, slope, blood flow index, and microvascular transit time (MVTT). Additionally, preoperative and postoperative hemodynamic parameters were measured using color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), including peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and flow volume. Subsequently, the correlation between FLOW800 and CDUS parameters was explored.ResultsA total of 42 participants took part with an average age of 46.5 years, consisting of 19 men and 23 women. The analysis of FLOW800 indicated that both the delay time and rise time experienced a substantial decrease in both the recipient artery and vein. Additionally, the MVTT was found to be significantly reduced after the surgery (5.7 ± 2.2 s vs. 4.9 ± 1.6, p = 0.021). However, no statistically significant differences were observed among the other parameters. Similarly, all postoperative parameters in CDUS hemodynamics exhibited significant alterations in comparison to the preoperative values. The correlation analysis between FLOW800 and CDUS parameters indicated a significant association between MVTT and RI and PI, no significant relationships were found among the other parameters in the two groups.ConclusionThe hemodynamic outcomes of the donor and recipient arteries demonstrated significant changes following bypass surgery. The parameter of time appears to be more precise and sensitive in assessing hemodynamics using FLOW800. Multiple evaluations of hemodynamics could offer substantial evidence for perioperative management

Microfluidic Blood Cell Sorting: Now and Beyond

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106971/1/smll201302907.pd

Protoliths and metamorphism of the central Himalayan eclogites: Zircon/titanite U–Pb geochronology, Hf isotope and geochemistry

The high-pressure (HP) eclogites in the central Himalaya provide insights into the metamorphism and exhumation history of crustal material beneath the Tibetan plateau. Due to the paucity of exposure, the nature and timing of the protolith and metamorphism of the eclogites remain poorly known. Here we report zircon and titanite U–Pb ages, bulk-rock and mineral compositions and zircon Hf isotope data on the eclogites from the Thongmön and Kharta areas in the central Himalaya. The eclogites record peak HP eclogite-facies metamorphism at >1.6 GPa, high-temperature to ultrahigh-temperature (HT-UHT) granulite-facies overprinting (ca. 0.88–0.99 GPa and 875–920 °C), and subsequent decompression-cooling retrograde metamorphism (ca. 0.42–0.62 GPa and 800–820 °C). Geochemical data suggest that the eclogite protoliths are most consistent with being seafloor tholeiitic basalts with an E-MORB signature. Inherited magmatic zircon cores from the eclogites give a protolith age of ∼450 Ma and εHf(t) values of + 3.2 to + 7.0. Metamorphic overgrown mantles or some rims of zircon record an early decompression granulite-facies metamorphic stage (∼17.9–15.3 Ma); other metamorphic overgrown rims and metamorphic growth zircons reflect later decompression-cooling retrograde metamorphic stage (∼14.8–13.3 Ma). The titanite U–Pb age (∼15.4 Ma) further indicates the beginning of the later retrograde metamorphism. All these data and observations allow the proposal that in contrast to the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogites in the western Himalaya, the HP eclogites in the central Himalaya record the long-lived burial and relatively slow exhumation of the Indian continental crust since initial Indo-Asia collision at ∼55 Ma

A Robust Adaptive CMAC Neural Network-Based Multisliding Mode Control Method for Unmatched Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

This paper proposes a new robust adaptive cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) neural network-based multisliding mode control strategy for a class of unmatched uncertain nonlinear systems. Specifically, by employing a stepwise recursion-based multisliding mode method, such a proposed strategy is able to obtain the virtual variables and the actual control inputs of each order first, and then it reduces the conservativeness for controller parameter design by adopting the CMAC neural network to learn both system uncertainties and virtual control variable derivatives of each order online. Meanwhile, with the hyperbolic tangent function being chosen to replace the sign function in the variable structured control components, the proposed strategy is able to avoid the chattering effects caused by the discontinuous inputs. The stability analysis shows that the proposed control strategy ensures that both the system tracking errors and the sliding modes of each order could converge exponentially to any saturated layer being set. The control strategy was also applied onto a passive electrohydraulic servo loading system for verifications, and simulation results show that such a proposed control strategy is robust against all system nonlinearities and external disturbances with much higher control accuracy being achieved

A Nucleotide Metabolism-Related Gene Signature for Risk Stratification and Prognosis Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on an Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Approach

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The in-depth study of genes and metabolites related to nucleotide metabolism will provide new ideas for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. This study integrated the transcriptome data of different cancer types to explore the characteristics and significance of nucleotide metabolism-related genes (NMGRs) in different cancer types. Then, we constructed a new HCC classifier and prognosis model based on HCC samples from TCGA and GEO, and detected the gene expression level in the model through molecular biology experiments. Finally, nucleotide metabolism-related products in serum of HCC patients were examined using untargeted metabolomics. A total of 97 NMRGs were obtained based on bioinformatics techniques. In addition, a clinical model that could accurately predict the prognostic outcome of HCC was constructed, which contained 11 NMRGs. The results of PCR experiments showed that the expression levels of these genes were basically consistent with the predicted trends. Meanwhile, the results of untargeted metabolomics also proved that there was a significant nucleotide metabolism disorder in the development of HCC. Our results provide a promising insight into nucleotide metabolism in HCC, as well as a tailored prognostic and chemotherapy sensitivity prediction tool for patients

Study on β-Ga₂O₃ Films Grown with Various VI/III Ratios by MOCVD

β-Ga2O3 films were grown on sapphire (0001) substrates with various O/Ga (VI/III) ratios by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The effects of VI/III ratio on growth rate, structural, morphological, and Raman properties of the films were systematically studied. By varying the VI/III ratio, the crystalline quality obviously changed. By decreasing the VI/III ratio from 66.9 × 103 to 11.2 × 103, the crystalline quality improved gradually, which was attributed to low nuclei density in the initial stage. However, crystalline quality degraded with further decrease of the VI/III ratio, which was attributed to excessive nucleation rate