Andalusian youth: Residential independence and/or economic self-sufficiency?

Se agradece la colaboración y el apoyo recibido de Jorge Guardiola con respecto a la calidad del artículo. Los posibles errores contenidos en este artículo son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores.La actualidad española se caracteriza por un retraso en el calendario en lo que respecta al logro de una emancipación completa, consecuencia de un alargamiento en el periodo formativo y de una inestabilidad y una precariedad considerables en el empleo, entre otras cuestiones. Concretamente, Andalucía es una de las comunidades autónomas con más problemas en este sentido —mayor nivel de desempleo y de precariedad laboral, entre otros aspectos—. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es el de conocer los factores que influyen en la probabilidad de que un joven se emancipe. Para ello se propone distinguir, dentro de la emancipación, cuáles son independientes residencialmente y/o económicamente y, de esta forma, se persigue averiguar si existen diferencias en los factores que influyen en que un joven sea independiente residencialmente y no económicamente, y viceversa. Se ha utilizado una base de datos de 2017, con una muestra de 1.981 jóvenes de 14 a 35 años. La regresión logística multinomial ha sido la técnica de análisis utilizada. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes que se aproximan más a la finalización de la transición de la juventud tienen más probabilidades de haber formado un hogar propio y de ser autosuficientes económicamente. Sin embargo, aquellos que todavía están formándose o tienen intención de retomar los estudios, están desempleados y no tienen descendencia ni intención de tenerla, se aproximan más a formas de independencia incompletas (residencial o económica) o bien nulas.In recent years, the situation of youth in Spain has been characterized by delayed residential and economic independence as the result of longer training periods, as well as job instability and precariousness, among others. Specifically, Andalusia is one of the regions that most suffers from high levels of unemployment and job insecurity. The main aim of this article is to identify factors that influence the probability that a young person will become emancipated. To this end, we distinguish between young people who are residential and/or economically independent and determine which factors influence whether a young person is residential but not economically independent, and vice versa. The analysis is carried out using a 2017 database with a sample of 1,981 young people aged 14 to 35 years. The analysis is performed using multinomial logistic regression. The results show that people near the end of the transition from youth are more likely to have formed their own home and be financially self-sufficient. However, young people who are still in training or intend to return to education, are unemployed or have no offspring or intention of having one, are more likely to display incomplete forms of independence (residential or economic) or none at all

Consumo y mortalidad relacionada con el alcohol en España: evolución y desigualdades socioeconómicas

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública y Microbiología. Fecha de Lectura: 10-11-202

Boomerang youth in Andalusia; who are they and why are they coming back

Ciertos jóvenes regresan al hogar familiar una vez emancipados, fenómeno conocido como boomerang. El fenómeno boomerang hace referencia al retorno al hogar familiar de los jóvenes tras haber vivido un periodo de emancipación. En este artículo se pretenden analizar los factores que influyen en la decisión de retornar, los modos en que se produce y los perfiles en el caso de jóvenes andaluces que vuelven al hogar familiar. Se ha analizado una encuesta de la juventud andaluza (2017) elaborada para el Diseño del III Plan Integral de Juventud de Andalucía. Los resultados muestran que determinadas variables y situaciones vividas aumentan la probabilidad de retornar -ser mujer, la intención de seguir estudiando, haber sido víctima de violencia o consumir ciertas sustancias estupefacientes de forma habitual-, mientras que otras la disminuyen -el aumento de edad, el mayor nivel de estudios, tener un contrato fijo, tener pareja estable o tener descendencia-. Las causas principales de retorno son las económicas, por razón de estudios y tras una disolución de pareja.Some young people return to the family home once they are independent, a phenomenon known as boomerang. The boomerang phenomenon refers to the return of youth to the family home after a period of independence. This article aims to analyse the factors that influence the decision to return, the ways in which this occurs and the profiles of young Andalusians who return to the family home. A survey of Andalusian youth (2017) prepared for the design of the 3rd Comprehensive Youth Plan of Andalusia has been analysed. The results show that certain variables and situations experienced increase the probability of return -being a woman, the intention to continue studying, having been a victim of violence or consuming certain drugs on a regular basis- while others decrease it -increasing age, higher level of studies, having a permanent contract, having a stable partner or having a descent-. The main causes of return are economic, due to studies and after a partner’s dissolution

Main household breadwinners aged between 25 and 34 years old in Spain (2006, 2011 and 2015)

Este artículo ha sido financiado por el Fondo Social Europeo en colaboración con la Junta de Andalucía y la Universidad de Granada, organismos a los que mostramos nuestra gratitud. Además, se ha contado con la generosa colaboración de Jorge Guardiola Wanden-Berghe, al que le agradecemos su paciencia y dedicación. Los posibles errores contenidos en este artículo son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autoresSe propone conocer la influencia de ciertas variables socioeconómicas sobre la emancipación de los jóvenes dependiendo de si éste es sustentador principal de su hogar, o bien si es hijo o hija del mismo. Con ello se realiza una aproximación a la emancipación de los jóvenes. Tomando como referencia tres fechas concretas (2006, 2011 y 2015) se persigue constatar en qué medida afecta la recesión económica. Se utilizan análisis descriptivos y regresiones logísticas binarias usando la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares. Existen algunas diferencias dependiendo del año, así como también ciertas tendencias generales. A mayor nivel de estudios, es más probable que un joven viva con su sustentador principal, mientras que ser varón, tener entre 30 y 34 años o percibir un salario mayor de 1000 € se aproxima más al perfil de “cabeza de familia”. En cuanto a los sustentadores principales, un varón de 30 a 34 años con un nivel de ingresos mayor de 1000 € es el perfil más próximo al contrato indefinido.It is proposed to know the influence of certain socioeconomic variables depending on whether a young person is the main breadwinner of his or her household, or the child of the main breadwinner. In this way, an approximation is made to the independence of youth. Taking three specific dates as a reference -2006, 2011 and 2015-, the aim is to ascertain the extent to which the economic recession is affecting them. Descriptive analyses and binary logistic regressions have been done, using the Household Budget Survey. There are some differences depending on the year, as well as some general trends. A higher level of education increases the probability that a youth is the child of the main breadwinner of the household, while being male, between 30 and 34 years old or receiving a salary greater than €1,000 is closer to the profile of breadwinner. As for the main breadwinners, a male aged 30 to 34 with an income level greater than €1,000 is the profile closest to a permanent contrac

Predictors of Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Newly Diagnosed Crohn´s Disease in Children: PRESENCE Study from SEGHNP

Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been shown to be more effective than corticosteroids in achieving mucosal healing in children with Crohn´s disease (CD) without the adverse effects of these drugs. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of EEN in terms of inducing clinical remission in children newly diagnosed with CD, to describe the predictive factors of response to EEN and the need for treatment with biological agents during the first 12 months of the disease. We conducted an observational retrospective multicentre study that included paediatric patients newly diagnosed with CD between 2014–2016 who underwent EEN. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (140 males) from 35 paediatric centres were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 11.6 ± 2.5 years. The median EEN duration was 8 weeks (IQR 6.6–8.5), and 184 of the patients (83%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn’s Disease activity index [wPCDAI] 15 mg/L and ileal involvement tended to respond better to EEN. EEN administered for 6–8 weeks is effective for inducing clinical remission. Due to the high response rate in our series, EEN should be used as the first-line therapy in luminal paediatric Crohn’s disease regardless of the location of disease and disease activityS

Jóvenes boomerang en Andalucía; quiénes son y por qué regresan

Some young people return to the family home once they are independent, a phenomenon known as boomerang. The boomerang phenomenon refers to the return of youth to the family home after a period of independence. This article aims to analyse the factors that influence the decision to return, the ways in which this occurs and the profiles of young Andalusians who return to the family home. A survey of Andalusian youth (2017) prepared for the design of the 3rd Comprehensive Youth Plan of Andalusia has been analysed. The results show that certain variables and situations experienced increase the probability of return - being a woman, the intention to continue studying, having been a victim of violence or consuming certain drugs on a regular basis - while others decrease it - increasing age, higher level of studies, having a permanent contract, having a stable partner or having a descent. Ciertos jóvenes regresan al hogar familiar una vez emancipados, fenómeno conocido como boomerang. El fenómeno boomerang hace referencia al retorno al hogar familiar de los jóvenes tras haber vivido un periodo de emancipación. En este artículo se pretenden analizar los factores que influyen en la decisión de retornar, los modos en que se produce y los perfiles en el caso de jóvenes andaluces que vuelven al hogar familiar. Se ha analizado una encuesta de la juventud andaluza (2017) elaborada para el Diseño del III Plan Integral de Juventud de Andalucía. Los resultados muestran que determinadas variables y situaciones vividas aumentan la probabilidad de retornar -ser mujer, la intención de seguir estudiando, haber sido víctima de violencia o consumir ciertas sustancias estupefacientes de forma habitual-, mientras que otras la disminuyen -el aumento de edad, el mayor nivel de estudios, tener un contrato fijo, tener pareja estable o tener descendencia-

Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort : 2004-2013

To analyze the impact of late presentation (LP) on overall mortality and causes of death and describe LP trends and risk factors (2004-2013). Cox models and logistic regression were used to analyze data from a nation-wide cohort in Spain. LP is defined as being diagnosed when CD4 < 350 cells/ml or AIDS. Of 7165 new HIV diagnoses, 46.9% (CI:45.7-48.0) were LP, 240 patients died.First-year mortality was the highest (aHR = 10.3[CI:5.5-19.3]); between 1 and 4 years post-diagnosis, aHR = 1.9(1.2-3.0); an

Dual latent tuberculosis screening with tuberculin skin tests and QuantiFERON-TB assays before TNF-α inhibitor initiation in children in Spain.

Tumor-necrosis-factor-α inhibitors (anti-TNF-α) are associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease, primarily due to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). We assessed the performance of parallel LTBI screening with tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assays (QFT-GIT) before anti-TNF-α treatment in children with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders in a low TB-burden setting. We conducted a multicenter cohort study involving 17 pediatric tertiary centers in Spain. LTBI was defined as the presence of a positive TST and/or QFT-GIT result without clinical or radiological signs of TB disease. A total of 270 patients (median age:11.0 years) were included, mainly with rheumatological (55.9%) or inflammatory bowel disease (34.8%). Twelve patients (4.4%) were diagnosed with TB infection at screening (LTBI, n = 11; TB disease, n = 1). Concordance between TST and QFT-GIT results was moderate (TST+/QFT-GIT+, n = 4; TST-/QFT-GIT+, n = 3; TST+/QFT-GIT-, n = 5; kappa coefficient: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.36-0.60). Indeterminate QFT-GIT results occurred in 10 patients (3.7%) and were associated with young age and elevated C-reactive protein concentrations. Eleven of 12 patients with TB infection uneventfully completed standard LTBI or TB treatment. During a median follow-up period of 6.4 years, only 2 patients developed TB disease (incidence density: 130 (95% CI: 20-440) per 100,000 person-years), both probable de novo infections. A substantial number of patients were diagnosed with LTBI during screening. The dual strategy identified more cases than either of the tests alone, and test agreement was only moderate. Our data show that in children in a low TB prevalence setting, a dual screening strategy with TST and IGRA before anti-TNF-α treatment is effective. • The optimal screening strategy for latent tuberculosis in children with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders remains uncertain. • Children receiving anti-TNF-α drugs are at increased risk of developing severe tuberculosis disease. • A dual screening strategy, using TST and an IGRA assay, identified more children with latent tuberculosis than either of the tests alone. • Identification and treatment of latent tuberculosis before initiation of anti-TNF-α therapy averted incident tuberculosis cases

Prediction of long-term outcomes of HIV-infected patients developing non-AIDS events using a multistate approach

Outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH) developing non-AIDS events (NAEs) remain poorly defined. We aimed to classify NAEs according to severity, and to describe clinical outcomes and prognostic factors after NAE occurrence using data from CoRIS, a large Spanish HIV cohort from 2004 to 2013. Prospective multicenter cohort study. Using a multistate approach we estimated 3 transition probabilities: from alive and NAE-free to alive and NAE-experienced ("NAE development"); from alive and NAE-experienced to death ("Death after NAE"); and from alive and NAE-free to death ("Death without NAE"). We analyzed the effect of different covariates, including demographic, immunologic and virologic data, on death or NAE development, based on estimates of hazard ratios (HR). We focused on the transition "Death after NAE". 8,789 PLWH were followed-up until death, cohort censoring or loss to follow-up. 792 first incident NAEs occurred in 9.01% PLWH (incidence rate 28.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26.80-30.84, per 1000 patient-years). 112 (14.14%) NAE-experienced PLWH and 240 (2.73%) NAE-free PLWH died. Adjusted HR for the transition "Death after NAE" was 12.1 (95%CI, 4.90-29.89). There was a graded increase in the adjusted HRs for mortality according to NAE severity category: HR (95%CI), 4.02 (2.45-6.57) for intermediate-severity; and 9.85 (5.45-17.81) for serious NAEs compared to low-severity NAEs. Male sex (HR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.11-3.84), ag