Constraint violation stabilization using gradient feedback in constrained dynamics simulation

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76126/1/AIAA-11410-903.pd

Wildlife collisions with aircraft: A missing component of land-use planning for airports

Projecting risks posed to aviation safety by wildlife populations is often overlooked in airport land-use planning. However, the growing dependency on civil aviation for global commerce can require increases in capacity at airports which affect land use, wildlife populations, and perspectives on aviation safety. Our objectives were to (1) review legislation that affects airports and surrounding communities relative to managing and reducing wildlife hazards to aviation; (2) identify information gaps and future research needs relative to regulated land uses on and near airports, and the effects on wildlife populations; and (3) demonstrate how information regarding wildlife responses to land-use practices can be incorporated into wildlife-strike risk assessments.We show that guidelines for land-use practices on and near airports with regard to wildlife hazards to aviation can be vague, conflicting, and scientifically ill-supported. We discuss research needs with regard to management of storm water runoff; wildlife use of agricultural crops and tillage regimens relative to revenue and safety; the role of an airport in the landscape matrix with regard to its effects on wildlife species richness and abundance; and spatial and temporal requirements of wildlife species that use airports, relative to implementing current and novel management techniques. We also encourage the development and maintenance of data sets that will allow realistic assessment of wildlife-strike risk relative to current airport conditions and anticipated changes to capacity. Land uses at airports influence wildlife populations, and understanding and incorporating these effects into planning will reduce risks posed to both aviation safety and wildlife species

Technological Journey From Colorimetric to Tandem Mass Spectrometric Measurements in the Diagnostic Investigation for Phenylketonuria

Phenylalanine analysis for phenylketonuria (PKU) detection in newborn screening (NBS) was chosen as the model system to describe how advancements in laboratory technology improved laboratory performance. These advancements have made NBS programs better and have improved the health outcomes of the affected newborn through improvements in accurate early detection over the past 50 years. The most current state-of-the-art technology, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), has proven that it is now the choice in almost all modern NBS facilities because it is a versatile instrument that continues to grow in its application not just for amino acid and acylcarnitine detection but for other metabolites and disorders such as lysosomal storage diseases and second-tier detection of some screen-positive results. The use of MS/MS will continue to expand, even with the anticipated introduction and expansion of molecular screening methods into NBS programs. Regarding technological advancements, the future of NBS will include even newer technologies and approaches that will enhance the detection and treatment of newborns affected by PKU and other inborn errors of metabolism