The GenTree Dendroecological Collection, tree-ring and wood density data from seven tree species across Europe

The dataset presented here was collected by the GenTree project (EU-Horizon 2020), which aims to improve the use of forest genetic resources across Europe by better understanding how trees adapt to their local environment. This dataset of individual tree-core characteristics including ring-width series and whole-core wood density was collected for seven ecologically and economically important European tree species: silver birch (Betula pendula), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), European black poplar (Populus nigra), maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and sessile oak (Quercus petraea). Tree-ring width measurements were obtained from 3600 trees in 142 populations and whole-core wood density was measured for 3098 trees in 125 populations. This dataset covers most of the geographical and climatic range occupied by the selected species. The potential use of it will be highly valuable for assessing ecological and evolutionary responses to environmental conditions as well as for model development and parameterization, to predict adaptability under climate change scenarios

Recent progresses in optical detection and discrimination of pollutants in remote ground water and environment: a review

International audienceAgainst threats to populations by water pollution, it is critical to remotely, continuously and unambiguously identify and quantify pollutants in surface and ground water. This fast evolving field shall benefit increasingly from optical technologies. We propose a tentative review of the state of art and some promising ideas

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for arsenic detection and speciation

International audienc

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for arsenic detection and discrimination

International audienceArsenic (As) is one of the most toxic contaminants found in the environment and especially in water. The World Health Organization decrees an As concentration less than 10 µg/L (10ppb). Established laboratory method is mass spectrometry. This technique is costly and time-intensive [1]. Other methods for As detection in water are in state of research (biosensor, electrochemical sensor, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering sensor) (Figure1) SERS sensors are known for their high sensitivity for chemical compounds detection like pesticides [2]. In this study, we compare two kinds of silver (Ag) SERS substrates differentiating by their elaboration process. Figure 2 shows SERS results of As detection at a concentration of 10 ppb obtained with substrates made by an electroless process. Bands at 730 cm-1 and 830 cm-1 are the signature of the symmetric stretching vibrations As-O for As(3) and As(5) respectively [3] [4]. Uptake of As in water by nanostructured Ag films is discussed. References: [1] M. Singh and M. del Valle, Arsenic Biosensors: Challenges and Opportunities for High-Throughput Detection, Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology, 575-588 (2015) [2] J

Towards Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering using electroless substrate for trace arsenic detection and speciation

Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements present in the environment, especially in water. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a maximum concentration of arsenic in drinkable water of 10 µg/L (10 ppb). Sensors implementing Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) can detect chemical species at low concentrations. The aim of this study is to compare two kinds of silver-coated SERS substrates for detection and speciation of trace, trivalent and pentavalent, inorganic arsenic compounds. One type of substrates were prepared by a classical thermal evaporation technique, the second type by an electroless process. The electroless substrates allow to differentiate As(3) and As(5) with a limit of detection (LOD) 1 µg/L (1 ppb) equal for each valency, below WHO recommendation. Though the SERS intensity shows a non linear behaviour over a large analyte concentration range of five orders of magnitude, these preliminary results are discussed the framework of the demonstration of a trace As SERS sensor in drinkable water

Toward surface-enhanced Raman scattering using electroless substrate for trace arsenic detection and speciation

International audienceArsenic is one of the most toxic elements present in the environment, especially in water. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a maximum concentration of arsenic in drinkable water of 10 µg/L (10 ppb). Sensors implementing Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) can detect chemical species at low concentrations. The aim of this study is to compare two kinds of silver-coated SERS substrates for detection and speciation of trace, trivalent and pentavalent, inorganic arsenic compounds. One type of substrates was prepared by a classical thermal evaporation technique, the second type by an electroless process. The thermally evaporated substrates allowed the detection of As(III) only, at a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 50 mg/L, whereas As(V) could not be detected at any analyte concentration. The electroless substrates allow to differentiate As(III) and As(V) with a LOD 1 µg/L (1 ppb) equal for each valency, below WHO recommendation. The electroless substrates show a very large sensitivity across up to five orders of magnitude in terms of analyte concentration. Although the SERS intensity shows a nonlinear behaviour over this range of concentrations, these preliminary results are encouraging in the framework of the demonstration of trace As SERS sensors in drinkable water

Towards Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering using electroless substrate for trace arsenic detection and speciation

Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements present in the environment, especially in water. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a maximum concentration of arsenic in drinkable water of 10 µg/L (10 ppb). Sensors implementing Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) can detect chemical species at low concentrations. The aim of this study is to compare two kinds of silver-coated SERS substrates for detection and speciation of trace, trivalent and pentavalent, inorganic arsenic compounds. One type of substrates were prepared by a classical thermal evaporation technique, the second type by an electroless process. The electroless substrates allow to differentiate As(3) and As(5) with a limit of detection (LOD) 1 µg/L (1 ppb) equal for each valency, below WHO recommendation. Though the SERS intensity shows a non linear behaviour over a large analyte concentration range of five orders of magnitude, these preliminary results are discussed the framework of the demonstration of a trace As SERS sensor in drinkable water

Performing an early systematic Doppler-ultrasound fails to prevent hemorrhagic complications after complex partial nephrectomy

Background: The aim of this work was to assess the clinical relevance of a systematic postoperative Doppler-ultrasound (DU) after complex partial nephrectomy (PN). Materials and methods: All patients who underwent open, laparoscopic or robotic PN from 2014 to 2017 at our institution were included. Postoperative hemorrhagic complications (HCs) were defined as the occurrence of blood transfusion, hemorrhagic shock, arterial embolization, or re-hospitalization for hematoma. DU was systematically performed between post-op day 4 and 7 for every complex tumor (RENAL score ⩾ 7). DU was considered positive in the presence of pseudoaneurysm (PA) or arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Results: Among 194 patients, 117 underwent DU (60.3%). We reported 22 HCs (11.3%) requiring 8 selective embolization procedures (4.1%). HCs occurred during the hospital stay in 17 patients (77.3%), thus directly diagnosed on a computed tomography scan. Among the five patients (22.7%) with HC occurring after hospital discharge, between day 7 to 15, four had a previously negative systematic DU. Overall, systematic DU was positive in only five patients (4.3%) with only one patient of 194 (0.5%) undergoing preventive embolization of a PA-AVF. The negative predictive values (NPVs) and positive predictive values of DU were respectively 96.5% and 5%, with 20% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity. Conclusions: Our results may suggest offering systematic DU in patients under antiplatelet therapies, with high tumor size (>T1b), or early postoperative hemoglobin variations. A high NPV of DU might be counterbalanced by its low sensibility. Since all secondary HCs occurred between postoperative day 7 to 15, our results may suggest differing DU in selected cases

: Une géographie de la mondialisation

International audienceCe livre propose un cadre théorique ambitieux qui permet de décliner, par un regard qui privilégie l'espace, les différentes dimensions de la mondialisation : ses flux économiques, ses configurations anthropologiques, sa géopolitique et sa politique, certaines plus spécifiquement géographiques (villes, mobilité, télécommunication). Emergence d'un ou plusieurs espaces pertinents sur l'étendue de la planète Terre, la mondialisation est fondamentalement un événement géographique, le premier de cette ampleur à être explicité, pensé et discuté, en même temps qu'il se produit. La mondialisation change les sciences sociales. Elle oblige à revoir des cadres de pensée liés au cadre national dans lequel et pour lequel ils ont été construits. En géographie, c'est notamment le cas des notions de lieu, de territoire, de réseau, de Monde et d'humanité. La mondialisation invente un nouvel échelon qui force au réagencement de l'ensemble des autres niveaux. A l'encontre d'une idée courante, elle ne détruit pas les lieux préexistants. Elle n'est pas la victoire du général sur le particulier : elle instaure de nouveaux rapports, pas nécessairement conflictuels, entre le singulier et l'universel. Les acteurs mondialisants sont aussi mondialisés, et tout se joue en tension entre ces deux logiques. L'individu est le grand " gagnant " du processus, alors que les communautés, malgré de nouvelles ressources, se trouvent menacées. Les entreprises changent pour s'adapter à ce nouvel environnement, et les Etats doivent passer d'une géopolitique à leur échelle, à la politique au-delà. Finalement, la mondialisation dessine un nouvel espace d'enjeux pour les citoyens : horizons de développement, choix complexes parmi les différentes natures possibles, options de gouvernance dans un Monde politique à inventer. Le mot " humanité " prend un nouveau sens, qui s'émancipe de ses anciennes significations, abstraites ou utopiques. L'invention du Monde : c'est maintenant, et c'est ici