86 research outputs found
Apprendre
Vous venez d'ĂȘtre nommĂ©-e responsable de la collection patrimoniale d'une bibliothĂšque mais vous n'ĂȘtes pas spĂ©cialiste ou vos connaissances sont lointaines. D'oĂč viennent ces vieux livres qui dorment dans la rĂ©serve ? Qu'en faire ? A-t-on le droit de s'en dĂ©barrasser s'ils paraissent ne servir Ă personne ? Y en a-t-il qui sont rares et qu'il faudrait mettre en valeur ? Quelques-uns sont cataloguĂ©s mais c'est loin d'ĂȘtre le cas de tous, comment faire ? Et puis il y a des gravures dans des portefeuilles, des photographies anciennes ici et lĂ . Comment savoir si elles ont quelque intĂ©rĂȘt ? Dans un coin des magasins, des moisissures sont brusquement apparues et semblent contaminer peu Ă peu les ouvrages. Comment s'en dĂ©barrasser ? Qui prĂ©venir ? Si vous vous posez parfois ces dĂ©licates questions, ce manuel est pour vous. (Dominique Coq, responsable scientifique du volume) ĂclairĂ© par des retours d'expĂ©riences de spĂ©cialistes, ce manuel rĂ©unit un ensemble raisonnĂ© d'informations de base, qui prĂ©sente la marche Ă suivre pour apprĂ©hender, traiter, signaler et valoriser ces fonds patrimoniaux ; il permet d'en comprendre l'environnement juridique, administratif et documentaire. Un document indispensable pour les professionnels peu formĂ©s dans le domaine, confrontĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois Ă une collection patrimoniale, ou qui s'y destinent, et dĂ©sireux d'acquĂ©rir les rudiments nĂ©cessaires pour la gĂ©rer
1. Les livres anciens : formats, cahiers, signatures, page de titre, fausses adresses, colophon et toutes ces sortes de chosesâŠ
Vous avez pris connaissance de ce qui fait la nature dâune collection patrimoniale, de son statut et de la maniĂšre de la conserver. Examinons maintenant les diffĂ©rents types de document qui la constituent et la maniĂšre de les cataloguer. Tout dâabord, les livres qui forment naturellement la grande majoritĂ© des objets quâune bibliothĂšque conserve dans sa collection patrimoniale. Quâils soient Ă©crits Ă la main (manuscrits) ou produits par la typographie (imprimĂ©s), ces livres ont une structure ..
Apprendre à gérer des collections patrimoniales en bibliothÚque #26
Vous venez dâĂȘtre nommĂ©-e responsable de la collection patrimoniale dâune bibliothĂšque mais vous nâĂȘtes pas spĂ©cialiste ou vos connaissances sont lointaines. DâoĂč viennent ces vieux livres qui dorment dans la rĂ©serve ? Quâen faire ? A-t-on le droit de sâen dĂ©barrasser sâils paraissent ne servir Ă personne ? Y en a-t-il qui sont rares et quâil faudrait mettre en valeur ? Quelques-uns sont cataloguĂ©s mais câest loin dâĂȘtre le cas de tous, comment faire ? Et puis il y a des gravures dans des portefeuilles, des photographies anciennes ici et lĂ . Comment savoir si elles ont quelque intĂ©rĂȘt ? Dans un coin des magasins, des moisissures sont brusquement apparues et semblent contaminer peu Ă peu les ouvrages. Comment sâen dĂ©barrasser ? Qui prĂ©venir ?
Si vous vous posez parfois ces délicates questions, ce manuel est pour vous. (Dominique Coq, responsable scientifique du volume)
ĂclairĂ© par des retours dâexpĂ©riences de spĂ©cialistes, ce manuel rĂ©unit un ensemble raisonnĂ© dâinformations de base, qui prĂ©sente la marche Ă suivre pour apprĂ©hender, traiter, signaler et valoriser ces fonds patrimoniaux ; il permet dâen comprendre lâenvironnement juridique, administratif et documentaire.
Un document indispensable pour les professionnels peu formĂ©s dans le domaine, confrontĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois Ă une collection patrimoniale, ou qui sây destinent, et dĂ©sireux dâacquĂ©rir les rudiments nĂ©cessaires pour la gĂ©rer
Stakeholders' perceptions of pig effluent management in Thai Binh Province
224pThis paper provides an analysis of the perception of local stakeholders (people, organizations, institutions) in relation to the issues of pig effluents management in Thai Binh, Vietnam, and identifies courses of action on the basis of these perceptions and an institutional analysis. Three main types of stakeholders concerned by pig waste management were identified: those affected by the situation, those directly influencing the situation, and those indirectly influencing the situation. The results of the institutional analysis conducted by the PACT (Pro-Active Conciliation Tool) method are also presented, highlighting the key stakeholders, the favoured points of access and areas of possible consensus to initiate a collective process of change aimed at responding to the identified issues. The interest, difficulties and limitations of the main identified courses of action area discussed. In addition, the principle of patrimonial analysis and the PACT method, and the notions and means of calculation in the PACT programme are also discussed
Approches historiques et apports des nouvelles technologies (informatisation et numĂ©risation) : lâexemple des Ă©ditions incunables de lâHortus sanitatis
Sans se limiter Ă lâHortus sanitatis, mais en sâattachant prĂ©cisĂ©ment Ă son histoire, lâarticle fait le point sur lâĂ©volution de la description bibliographique et de la valorisation des incunables. Les auteurs montrent dâabord comment les diffĂ©rents pays ont entrepris de cataloguer leurs incunables, chacun de son cĂŽtĂ©, puis comment le systĂšme de Short Titled Catalogue est devenu universel, avec une exigence de prĂ©cision toujours plus grande. On voit ensuite la maniĂšre dont on est passĂ© aux notices informatisĂ©es, dâabord par le biais du systĂšme MARC, puis, tout rĂ©cemment, en recourant Ă un systĂšme MARC-TEI. Lâinformatisation des notices descriptives des incunables, qui doit sâachever en 2014, doit permettre dâĂ©tablir un catalogue national. Les auteurs traitent pour finir de la numĂ©risation et exposent la triple logique Ă laquelle elle doit rĂ©pondre pour ĂȘtre exploitable : logique dâexploitation patrimoniale, de recherche scientifique et de valorisation culturelle et Ă©ditoriale.This paper, that relies on the Hortus sanitatisâ example, takes stock of early printed booksâ bibliographical description and enhancement. Different countries first tried, separately, to make printed catalogues, and, little by little, they all used the STC system. Later, they began to computerize the catalogues, and they first used the MARC system, and, now, the MARC-TEI system. At the same time, libraries try to digitize incunabula, but this must be done in such a way as to allow scientific research, patrimonial uses and cultural enhancement
Prevention of cross-talk in conserved regulatory systems: identification of specificity determinants in RNA-binding anti-termination proteins of the BglG family
Each family of signal transduction systems requires specificity determinants that link individual signals to the correct regulatory output. In Bacillus subtilis, a family of four anti-terminator proteins controls the expression of genes for the utilisation of alternative sugars. These regulatory systems contain the anti-terminator proteins and a RNA structure, the RNA anti-terminator (RAT) that is bound by the anti-terminator proteins. We have studied three of these proteins (SacT, SacY, and LicT) to understand how they can transmit a specific signal in spite of their strong structural homology. A screen for random mutations that render SacT capable to bind a RNA structure recognized by LicT only revealed a substitution (P26S) at one of the few non-conserved residues that are in contact with the RNA. We have randomly modified this position in SacT together with another non-conserved RNA-contacting residue (Q31). Surprisingly, the mutant proteins could bind all RAT structures that are present in B. subtilis. In a complementary approach, reciprocal amino acid exchanges have been introduced in LicT and SacY at non-conserved positions of the RNA-binding site. This analysis revealed the key role of an arginine side-chain for both the high affinity and specificity of LicT for its cognate RAT. Introduction of this Arg at the equivalent position of SacY (A26) increased the RNA binding in vitro but also resulted in a relaxed specificity. Altogether our results suggest that this family of anti-termination proteins has evolved to reach a compromise between RNA binding efficacy and specific interaction with individual target sequences
Apprendre à gérer des collections patrimoniales en bibliothÚque
Vous venez d'ĂȘtre nommĂ©-e responsable de la collection patrimoniale d'une bibliothĂšque mais vous n'ĂȘtes pas spĂ©cialiste ou vos connaissances sont lointaines. D'oĂč viennent ces vieux livres qui dorment dans la rĂ©serve ? Qu'en faire ? A-t-on le droit de s'en dĂ©barrasser s'ils paraissent ne servir Ă personne ? Y en a-t-il qui sont rares et qu'il faudrait mettre en valeur ? Quelques-uns sont cataloguĂ©s mais c'est loin d'ĂȘtre le cas de tous, comment faire ? Et puis il y a des gravures dans des portefeuilles, des photographies anciennes ici et lĂ . Comment savoir si elles ont quelque intĂ©rĂȘt ? Dans un coin des magasins, des moisissures sont brusquement apparues et semblent contaminer peu Ă peu les ouvrages. Comment s'en dĂ©barrasser ? Qui prĂ©venir ? Si vous vous posez parfois ces dĂ©licates questions, ce manuel est pour vous. (Dominique Coq, responsable scientifique du volume) ĂclairĂ© par des retours d'expĂ©riences de spĂ©cialistes, ce manuel rĂ©unit un ensemble raisonnĂ© d'informations de base, qui prĂ©sente la marche Ă suivre pour apprĂ©hender, traiter, signaler et valoriser ces fonds patrimoniaux ; il permet d'en comprendre l'environnement juridique, administratif et documentaire. Un document indispensable pour les professionnels peu formĂ©s dans le domaine, confrontĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois Ă une collection patrimoniale, ou qui s'y destinent, et dĂ©sireux d'acquĂ©rir les rudiments nĂ©cessaires pour la gĂ©rer
The Spatial Architecture of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Deciphered Using a Surface-Associated Model and In Situ Imaging
The formation of multicellular communities known as biofilms is the part of bacterial life cycle in which bacteria display cooperative behaviour and differentiated phenotypes leading to specific functions. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive bacterium that has served for a decade as a model to study the molecular pathways that control biofilm formation. Most of the data on B. subtilis biofilms have come from studies on the formation of pellicles at the air-liquid interface, or on the complex macrocolonies that develop on semi-solid nutritive agar. Here, using confocal laser scanning microcopy, we show that B. subtilis strains of different origins are capable of forming biofilms on immersed surfaces with dramatically protruding âbeanstalk-likeâ structures with certain strains. Indeed, these structures can reach a height of more than 300 ”m with one undomesticated strain from a medical environment. Using 14 GFP-labeled mutants previously described as affecting pellicle or complex colony formation, we have identified four genes whose inactivation significantly impeded immersed biofilm development, and one mutation triggering hyperbiofilm formation. We also identified mutations causing the three-dimensional architecture of the biofilm to be altered. Taken together, our results reveal that B. subtilis is able to form specific biofilm features on immersed surfaces, and that the development of these multicellular surface-associated communities involves regulation pathways that are common to those governing the formation of pellicle and/or complex colonies, and also some specific mechanisms. Finally, we propose the submerged surface-associated biofilm as another relevant model for the study of B. subtilis multicellular communities
Reuse of medical face masks in domestic and community settings without sacrificing safety: Ecological and economical lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic
The need for personal protective equipment increased exponentially in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. To cope with the mask shortage during springtime 2020, a French consortium was created to find ways to reuse medical and respiratory masks in healthcare departments. The consortium addressed the complex context of the balance between cleaning medical masks in a way that maintains their safety and functionality for reuse, with the environmental advantage to manage medical disposable waste despite the current mask designation as single-use by the regulatory frameworks. We report a Workflow that provides a quantitative basis to determine the safety and efficacy of a medical mask that is decontaminated for reuse. The type IIR polypropylene medical masks can be washed up to 10 times, washed 5 times and autoclaved 5 times, or washed then sterilized with radiations or ethylene oxide, without any degradation of their filtration or breathability properties. There is loss of the antiprojection properties. The Workflow rendered the medical masks to comply to the AFNOR S76-001 standard as âtype 1 non-sanitory usage masksâ. This qualification gives a legal status to the Workflow-treated masks and allows recommendation for the reuse of washed medical masks by the general population, with the significant public health advantage of providing better protection than cloth-tissue masks. Additionally, such a legal status provides a basis to perform a clinical trial to test the masks in real conditions, with full compliance with EN 14683 norm, for collective reuse. The rational reuse of medical mask and their end-of-life management is critical, particularly in pandemic periods when decisive turns can be taken. The reuse of masks in the general population, in industries, or in hospitals (but not for surgery) has significant advantages for the management of waste without degrading the safety of individuals wearing reused masks
L'incunable, un bĂątard du manuscrit ?
Coq Dominique. L'incunable, un bùtard du manuscrit ?. In: Gazette du livre médiéval, n°1. Automne 1982. pp. 10-11
- âŠ