Women Scientists in the Leaking Pipeline: Barriers to the Commercialisation of Scientific Knowledge by Women

The modern literature explaining the under-representation of women in science often relate to the shortage of women ‘in the pipeline’. The pipeline flows from one stage to another, and the flow of women diminishes over the stages. Speaking of the stages of career during which women scientists ‘leak’ the most, the commercialisation of science as one of the ultimate stages should be taken into consideration. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss barriers to the commercialisation of scientific knowledge by women. The collected extensive literature allows to pinpoint the reason why scientific career or success fail to provide a springboard for the practical use of knowledge. Analysed research, indicate only some of the barriers, meanwhile this paper collects most of ‘experienced’ obstacles and shows them in ‘leaking pipeline’ context. Barriers originate in at least two sources: women themselves and external factors beyond women’s control

Men in the private sphere – a fiction or reality?

Problem godzenia życia zawodowego z rodzinnym od zawsze był problemem kobiet. To one częściej rezygnowały z pracy, korzystały z bezpłatnych urlopów wychowawczych lub ograniczały swoją pracę zawodową. Czy w tej sfeminizowanej sferze prywatnej jest miejsce dla mężczyzn? Stereotypy, które zamykają kobiety w domu, wypychają z niego mężczyzn – czyniąc szkodę zarówno jednym, jak i drugim. Dostępne dane i analizy pokazują, że mężczyźni mają formalnie takie same jak kobiety możliwości wejścia do sfery prywatnej (o czym świadczy np. dostępność elastycznych form zatrudnienia), ale w dalszym ciągu niewielu z nich to robi. Z tego powodu mężczyzna wciąż częściej jest postrzegany jako żywiciel rodziny (breadwinner) niż rodzic-opiekun (carer). Sytuację pogarsza jeszcze fakt, że w większości przypadków ojcostwo w miejscu pracy jest niewidoczne. Pracodawcy zakładają, że życie rodzinne pracowników (mężczyzn) nie powinno w żaden sposób zakłócać przebiegu pracy w firmie.The problem of reconciling work and family life has always been the women’s problem. They often gave up work, stayed home on maternity leave or found only part-time employment. Is there a place for men in the feminised private sphere? Stereotypes that lock women at home and push men out of home cause damage to both groups. As the available data and results of earlier analyses show that men, at least officially, do have the same opportunities as women to take advantage of, for example: the availability of flexible forms of employment, but still very few of them do that. For this reason, men are still more likely to be seen as breadwinners than carers. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that in most cases fatherhood in the workplace is not to be openly demonstrated. Employers assume that the family life of workers (men) should not interfere with their work in the company

Does the App Contribute to the Precarization of Work? The Case of Uber Drivers in Poland

As new forms of employment like the work in the gig economy become a norm around the world, it becomes necessary to study the nature of this employment and its impact on workers. The aim of this article is to describe the individual experiences of Uber drivers in the context of precarious work, and to examine the impact of this online platform on their work. It is based on individual in-depth interviews conducted among Uber drivers in Poland in 20181. The results of the study show that the work they perform can be characterized as precarious: they work long hours (also at night and on holidays), they have low income (especially in relation to the number of working hours) and lack social or trade union protection; they also often work without employment contracts. On the other hand, however, they have a positive view of their working situation using the app

In and Against the State: Resisting Austerity. Londyn, 4-5 września 2014 r.

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The feminisation of precarity Poland compared to other countries

Precarity applies to people who, in order to survive, need to work in a low-quality job, which is uncertain, temporary, low-paid, with no prospect of promotion, no security and no contract. In this sense, the precariat is a category related mostly to the secondary segments of the labour market according to the concept of the dual labour market. It is also the universal feature of Post-Fordism and the modern working conditions in which women, more often than men are located in the “worst” segment of the labour market. In this context, it is worth noting that since the beginning of the era of globalisation, women have mostly worked in the sectors more uncertain and unstable e.g., in the service industries and trade. It has been feminisation in a double sense of the word: there have been more and more working women, on the one hand, and on the other hand, women have usually taken the flexible jobs. Most of these jobs are precarious work. Precarity combined with job insecurity and low wages leaves the workforce in this group unable to plan for their future or afford a decent life. This article attempts to prove that the threat of precarity is more probable for women than men. This claim is supported by the OECD and Eurostat data on precarity for Poland and other European countries.Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the “Annales. Ethics in Economic Life” financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship

Feminization of Precarity. Poland Compared to Other Countries

Precarity applies to people who, in order to survive, need to work in a low-quality job, which is uncertain, temporary, low-paid, with no prospect of promotion, no security and no contract. In this sense, the precariat is a category related mostly to the secondary segment of the labour market, according to the concept of a dual labour market. It is also the universal feature of Post-Fordism and the modern working conditions in which women, more often than men, are located in the ‘worst’segment of the labour market. In this context, it can be noted that since the beginning of the era of globalization, women start working particularly in those sectors that were more uncertain and unstable e.g. in services and trade. It was feminization in a double sense: there were more and more working women on the one hand, and on the other hand, the flexible jobs were undertaken usually by women. Most of these kind of jobs were precarity jobs. Precarity is combined with insecurity, which does not allow the people in this group to plan anything, and wages so low that they can’t afford a decent life. In the article I would like to prove that the threat of precariat is more probable for women than men. I present data related to precarity for Poland compared to other European countries (based on data from Eurostat and the OECD)

Przyspieszenie czy spowolnienie? Praca platformowa dostawców jedzenia w dobie pandemii Sars-Cov-2

Polski rynek dostaw jedzenia na żądanie klienta (food delivery) to wschodzący sektor w ramach gospodarki cyfrowej, który doświadczył przyspieszenia w czasie pandemii Sars- -Cov-2. Praca kurierów w ramach globalnych, korporacyjnych platform typu Uber Eats, Glovo czy Wolt nigdy wcześniej nie miała tak dużego społecznego znaczenia. Jednak za hasłem pracy platformowej kryje się wiele negatywnych zjawisk (niskie zarobki, długie godziny pracy czy algorytmiczne zarządzanie, na które kurier nie ma wpływu). Wykorzy- stując teorię przyspieszenia społecznego jako inspirację teoretyczną, w artykule staram się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy platformowe kooperatywy mogą być w Polsce alternatywą dla globalnych platform cyfrowych. Istotnym kontekstem jest tutaj pandemia Sars-Cov-2. W artykule wykorzystano wyniki wywiadów pogłębionych z kurierami, partnerami flo- towymi* oraz założycielami/właścicielami kooperatyw platformowych z branży dostaw jedzenia na żądanie w Polsce

Does the App Contribute to the Precarization of Work? The Case of Uber Drivers in Poland

As new forms of employment like the work in the gig economy become a norm around the world, it becomes necessary to study the nature of this employment and its impact on workers. The aim of this article is to describe the individual experiences of Uber drivers in the context of precarious work, and to examine the impact of this online platform on their work. It is based on individual in-depth interviews conducted among Uber drivers in Poland in 20181. The results of the study show that the work they perform can be characterized as precarious: they work long hours (also at night and on holidays), they have low income (especially in relation to the number of working hours) and lack social or trade union protection; they also often work without employment contracts. On the other hand, however, they have a positive view of their working situation using the app

Parental Movements in Poland as the Bottom-up Formsof Action: Success or Failure? The Cases of First Quarter Mothers and Save the Little Ones

This article is focused on two parental movements that have appeared in Poland: First Quarter Mothers and Save the Little Ones. Both of these movements demanded changes in the law (or to prevent such changes) because, in parents' opinion, the assumptions behind the intended reforms were contrary to their childrens interest. The conducted analysis showed that both exhibit the characteristics of social movements. Parents are aware of their strength and know that acting together can have an impact on the social reality, legal change and government decisions. Analyzed movements showed that the institutional forms of dialogue slowly come to the end, and instead of them the bottom-up forms of action become increasingly important