Genes found in partial sequencing of Phytophthora cinnamomi

Members of the oomycete cause extensive losses in agriculture and widespread degradation in natural plant communities, being responsible for the death of thousands of trees every year. Two of the representative species are Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight of potato, and Phytophthora cinnamomi, which causes chestnut ink disease, responsible for losses on sweet chestnut production in Europe. Genome sequencing efforts have been focused on the study of three species: P. infestans, P. sojae and P. ramorum. Phytophthora infestans has been developed as the model specie for the genus, possessing excellent genetic and genomics resources including genetic maps, BAC libraries, and EST sequences. Our research team is trying to sequence the genome of P. cinnamomi in order to gain a better understanding of this oomycete, to study changes in plant-pathogen relationships including those resulting from climate change and trying to decrease the pathogen’s impact on crops and plants in natural ecosystems worldwide. We present here a preliminary report of partially sequenced genomic DNA from P. cinnamomi encoding putative protein-coding sequences and tRNAs. Database analysis reveals the presence of genes conserved in oomycetes.Os oomicetas causam enormes perdas na agricultura e degradação generalizada em áreas de crescimento natural, sendo responsáveis pela morte de milhares de árvores por ano. Duas das espécies representativas de oomicetas são Phytophthora infestans, que provoca o míldio da batateira, e Phytophthora cinnamomi, que causa a doença da tinta do castanheiro, responsável por perdas de produção de castanha na Europa. Os esforços de sequenciação de genomas de oomicetas têm estado focados no estudo de três espécies: P. infestans, P. sojae e P. ramorum. Phytophthora infestans foi considerada como espécie modelo para o género, pois possui excelentes recursos genéticos e de genómica, incluindo mapas genéticos, bibliotecas BAC, e sequências de EST. Esta equipa de investigadores procura sequenciar o genoma de P. cinnamomi, a fim de obter uma melhor compreensão deste oomiceta, para estudar mudanças nas relações plantapatogénio, incluindo as resultantes das alterações climáticas, e tentando diminuir o impacto do patogénio nas culturas e plantas em ecossistemas naturais em todo o mundo. É apresentada uma abordagem preliminar do DNA genómico parcialmente sequenciado a partir de P. cinnamomi, o qual codifica possíveis sequências de proteínas e tRNAs. As análises em bases de dados revelam a presença de genes conservados em oomicetas.The Project COMBATINTA/SP2.P11/02 Interreg IIIA – Cross-Border Cooperation Spain-Portugal, financed by The European Regional Development Found, supported this work

Propuesta de Mejora para la Defensa Colectiva de la Democracia en la Organización de los Estados Americanos

El presente trabajo reflexiona en torno a las dificultades que tienen los Organismos Internacionales para accionar frente la posible transgresión de los estándares democráticos a los que se han obligado sus Estados parte. El análisis, que se centra en el contexto de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), se inicia precisando que la conceptualización de la democracia a utilizar es la planteada por Robert Dahl, pues su visión procedimental facilita la determinación de estándares para medir la calidad democrática. Todo ello se realiza en el Primer Capítulo. Posteriormente, en el Segundo Capítulo, luego de dar alguno alcances introductorios sobre la OEA, se describe en extenso lo referente al desarrollo político y normativo de la democracia en las Américas. Para ello, en primer lugar, se muestra el conjunto de cambios realizados mediante diversos Protocolos Modificatorios a la Carta de la OEA para el fortalecimiento de la democracia en la región.Posteriormente, se explica el surgimiento, evolución y funcionamiento de los mecanismos para la defensa colectiva en la democracia, poniéndole especial interés a la Carta Democrática Interamericana (CDI), la misma que condensa en un solo documento todo el consenso político existente en las Américas en torno a la democracia. En esa línea argumentativa, a partir del supuesto de hecho que activa la defensa colectiva de la democracia en la CDI que es una alteración del orden constitucional que afecte gravemente el orden democrático, el trabajo plantea las dificultades políticas y normativas de determinar dicha alteración en el contexto de la Organización de los Estados Americanos. En atención a ello y sobre la base de todo lo desarrollado, el Capítulo Tercero profundiza en la problemática esbozada en el párrafo anterior, para luego proceder a plantear una reforma de la CDI sustentada en el perfeccionamiento del marco normativo y la creación de un organismo autónomo que facilite las decisiones políticas de la OEA para la defensa colectiva de la Democracia

Size-Controlled Water-Soluble Ag Nanoparticles

Ag nanoparticles of two different sizes (1 and 4 nm) were prepared within an apoferritin cavity by using an Ag+-loaded apoferritin as a nanoconfined environment for their construction. The initial amount of Ag' ions injected in the apoferritin cavity dictates the size of the final Ag particles. The protein shell prevents bulk aggregation of the metal particles, which renders them water soluble and extremely stable

Successful development of vitrified embryonic kidney after laparoscopy transplantation into non-immunosuppressed hosts

[EN] Transplantation from living or deceased donors has been limited by donor availability that is opposed to the increasing demand and by the risk of allograft loss rejection and immunosuppressive therapy toxicity. In recent years, xenotransplantation of metanephroi has offered a novel solution for the unlimited supply of human donor organs. However, even if in a most favourable and idyllic situation the organ availability and its demand could be balanced using transplantation of animal embryonic organs, the future of this treatment would still be compromised without proper long-term storage procedure. Thus, based on the ongoing long-term storage necessities, this study was designed to investigate the effect of two specific time window of the metanephroi development (15 days-old and 16 days-old) on the in vivo developmental capacity and the developed morphologically normal glomeruli of vitrified metanephroi in non-immunosuppressive rabbits. Metanephroi originating from 15 and 16 days old rabbit embryos were vitrified using M22 solution and Cryotop® as a device. After three months of storage in liquid nitrogen, metanephroi were transplanted into non-immunosuppressed adult hosts by laparoscopy surgery. Twenty-one days after allotransplantation, 6 (32%) and 7 (35%) new kidneys were recovered. All the new kidneys recovered exhibited significant growth and mature glomeruli. However, histomorphometry analysis revealed that new kidneys developed from 16 days-old metanephroi exhibit a greater degree of maturity compared with 15 days-old metanephroi. Results obtained in the present study point out that, in rabbit model, vitrified 16 days-old metanephroi could be stored in liquid nitrogen, achieving good in vivo developmental capacity and the developed morphologically normal glomeruli after laparoscopy transplantation into non-immunosuppressed hosts.This work was supported by funds from the Generalitat Valenciana Research Programme (PrometeoII 2014/036), ALCER-TURIA foundation and PRECIPITA CROWDFUNDING. English text version was revised by N. Macowan English Language Service.Garcia-Dominguez, X.; Vicente Antón, JS.; Vera Donoso, CD.; Marco-Jiménez, F. (2017). Successful development of vitrified embryonic kidney after laparoscopy transplantation into non-immunosuppressed hosts. Transplantation open. 2(2):1-5. https://doi.org/10.15761/JTO.1000125S152

Implementación de un sistema de inventario de mercadería de la comercializadora de repuestos automotrices sorcar ubicada en la ciudad de Guayaquil en el primer semestre del año 2013.

Debido a las continuas pérdidas y faltantes que se estaban generando en la empresa Surcar como consecuencia de la desorganización, descontrol, y el desconocimiento de las responsabilidades por parte de los empleados lo que estaba incrementando los gastos en la empresa. Se decidió analizar e implementar un sistema de control para inventarios de mercaderías. Por medio del marco teórico revisa los conceptos básicos de controles y sistemas de inventarios también se asignan funciones y procedimientos específicos para la ejecución de la labor de cada empleado. En esta ejecución se realizará la implementación de políticas análisis frecuente en los movimientos de la mercadería

Branding emocional y la fidelización de los clientes en la empresa Pelito Kids S.A.C, Carabayllo, 2022

El objetivo general de la investigación ha sido investigar la analogía del branding emocional y la fidelización de los clientes. La metodología utilizada fue tipo aplicada, enfoque cuantitativo, nivel descriptivo correlacional, diseño no experimental de corte transversal, método hipotético deductivo, la población estuvo constituida por 210 clientes y la muestra fue 136. La técnica para obtener los datos ha sido encuesta y el instrumento un cuestionario de tipo Likert para las dos variables. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos y análisis descriptivo e inferencial se concluye que hay analogía significativa de las variables branding emocional y fidelización de los clientes

Characterization and wear performance of boride phases over tool steel substrates

This research work was conducted to characterize boride phases, obtained from the powder-pack process, on AISI H13 and D2 steel substrates, and investigate their tribological behavior. The boriding was developed at a temperature of 1273 K with an exposure time of 8 h. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were conducted on the borided material to characterize the presence of the FeB, Fe2B, and CrB phases and the distribution of heavy elements on the surface of the substrates. The adherence of the boride layers was evaluated, in a qualitative form, through the Daimler-Benz Rockwell-C indentation technique. Sliding wear tests were then performed using a reciprocating wear test machine. All tests were conducted in dry conditions at room temperature. A frequency of 10 Hz and 15-mm sliding distance were used. The applied Hertzian pressure was 2.01 GPa. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe and analyze the wear mechanisms. Additionally, the variation of the friction coefficient versus the number of cycles was obtained. Experimental results showed that the characteristic wear mechanism for the borided surface was plastic deformation and mild abrasive wear; for unborided substrates, cracking and spalling were observed

Monitoring Immobilized Elderly Patients Using a Public Provider Online System for Pressure Ulcer Information and Registration (SIRUPP): Protocol for a Health Care Impact Study

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/13701However, this body played no part in drafting or revising the paper or in approving the final manuscript. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía or of FIBAO.PMID: 31407669Background: Pressure ulcers represent a major challenge to patient safety in the health care context, presenting high incidence (from 7% to 14% in Spain) and increased financial costs (€400-600 million/year) in medical treatment. Moreover, they are a significant predictor of mortality. The prevention of pressure ulcers in long-term care centers and patients’ own homes is proposed as a priority indicator of health care quality. Early stage risk assessment and database recording are both crucial aspects of prevention, classification, diagnosis, and treatment. Objective: This project proposes a 3-year study of immobilized patients residing in the Granada-Metropolitan Primary Healthcare District (DSGM) and monitored via the Pressure Ulcer Information and Registration System (SIRUPP, Spanish initials). The project aims to estimate the incidence of PUs among immobilized elderly patients, analyze the health-related quality of life of these patients by using the Pressure Ulcer Quality of Life (PU-QoL) instrument in a sample of 250 patients, determine the average time to complete wound healing, estimate the rate of pressure ulcers–associated mortality, and assess the predictive value of the Braden and Mini Nutritional Assessment risk measurement scales in a sample of 1700 patients. Methods: The DSGM runs SIRUPP, which is linked to patients’ electronic health records. Currently, 17,104 immobilized patients are monitored under this system. Health-related quality of life will be measured by patient self-reports using the Spanish Pressure Ulcer Quality of Life questionnaire, following cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation with respect to the English-language version. Results: The project commenced in June 2017 and is expected to conclude in April 2020. Conclusions: This study addresses two main health outcomes—the time needed for wound healing and the mortality associated with pressure ulcers—both of which might be accounted for by variations in clinical practice and the health-related quality of life of patients with pressure ulcers.The SIRUPP study is funded by Fundación Progreso y Salud-FIBAO (Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía)

Magnetic study on biodistribution and biodegradation of oral magnetic nanostructures in the rat gastrointestinal tract

We have undertaken a magnetic study on the oral biodistribution and biodegradation of nude maghemite nanoparticles of 10 nm average size (MNP) and probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus fermentum, containing thousands of these same nanoparticles (MNP-bacteria). Using AC magnetic susceptibility measurements of the stomach, small intestine, cecum and large intestine obtained after rat sacrifice, and iron content determination by ICP-OES, we have monitored the biodistribution and biodegradation of the maghemite nanoparticles along the gastrointestinal tract, after oral administration of both MNP and MNP-bacteria. The results revealed that the amount of magnetic nanoparticles accumulated in intestines is sensibly higher when MNP-bacteria were administered, in comparison with MNP. This confirms our initial hypothesis that the use of probiotic bacteria is a suitable strategy to assist the magnetic nanoparticles to overcome the stomach medium, and to achieve their accumulation in intestines. This finding opens doors to different applications. Since iron absorption in humans takes place precisely in the intestines, the use of MNP-bacteria as an iron supplement is a definite possibility. We have actually illustrated how the administration of MNP-bacteria to iron-deficient rats corrects the iron levels after two weeks of treatment

La Responsabilidad Social y su Relación con el Desarrollo Organizacional de la Entidad Financiera Confianza, 2015.

El presente inicia describiendo a través del planteamiento del problema la importancia de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y el impacto que esta tiene en el crecimiento y desarrollo sostenible de las organizaciones logrando que esto genere un impacto positivo desde la percepción de su personal interno. La presente tesis enfoca sus esfuerzos en estudiar a Financiera Confianza, una empresa que se encuentra en el rubro de la Banca, tomando aun mayor relevancia dado que la relación que mantiene es directa con el su público objetivo debiendo ser está una relación humana que busque no solo lograr los objetivos económicos y financieros de la organizaciones sino, buscar que su público objetivo crezca juntos con ellos, proporcionando propuesta de valor más realistas, transparente y que genere como su nombre lo dice confianza. Tratando de demostrar el nivel de relación entre la RSE y el desarrollo de esta empresa en el periodo 2015. Son materia de esta investigación la responsabilidad social empresarial y el desarrollo organizacional; pues al constituirse en temas de interés para Financiera Confianza y jugar un papel fundamental en el clima laboral. Estableciéndose como objetivo fundamental en este estudio la identificación, interpretación y comprensión de la relación entre la RSE y DO.Tesi