Intra-specific variation in pea responses to ammonium nutrition leads to different degrees of tolerance

The form of nitrogen nutrition affects many biochemical and physiological processes in plants, leading to markedly different growth responses. Many plant species have been characterized as ammonium tolerant or sensitive. The objective of this work was to assess the range of physiological adaptative responses involved in tolerance of ammonium nutrition at the intra-specific level. Pisum sativum L was selected as a model of tolerance for the study, and four varieties of agricultural importance (Snap-pea, Rondo, Tristar and Eclipse) were grown hydroponically with ammonium or nitrate (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mM)as the sole nitrogen source. Physiological parameters including photosynthesis, respiration and ammonium contents were analyzed. Activities/expression of key enzymes of the nitrogen metabolism was also determined, for which novel antibodies against glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase were obtained. Snap-pea was considered a reference plant for ammonium tolerance, since its biomass accumulation was not affected by nitrogen source. It avoided the physiological effects of ammonium through low growth potential, high respiratory rates and activity of the alternative pathway. A multivariate analysis of the results showed that each of the four varieties had distinct adaptative responses to ammonium nutrition, highlighting the flexibility of response to ammonium nutrition at the species level. A general activation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was observed, regardless of the degree of tolerance to ammonium, which may be due to GDH being part of a common stress response to carbon deficit rather than an ammonium tolerance mechanism. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant nos. AGL2006-12792-CO2-01 and AGL2003-06571-CO2-01 [to PA-T] and AGL2007-64432/AGR [to JFM]), by the Government of Navarra (Res 57/2007 to JFM). MDD-V was supported by a doctoral Fellowship from the Basque Government, Spain.Peer Reviewe

Proyecto de educación para la salud en centros docentes de Valdemoro (Madrid)

Se pretende incluir la materia de Educación para la Salud en la programación del centro, materia que se considera inprescindible para la difusión de hábitos de higiene y salud. El objetivo principal es poner en marcha un proyecto general de Educación para la Salud en centros docentes de Valdemoro, en colaboración con la comunidad educativa. Otros más específicos son la prevención del consumo de alcohol, drogas y tabaco, promover la educación sexual, alimentaria y de higiene, así como la salud mental y medioambiental. Las actividades consistieron en la celebración de Jornadas de Educación para la Salud y elaboración de un proyecto de programación general sobre este tema en diferentes centros docentes. No adjunta memoria..Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Sanidad y Servicios SocialesMadridNo disponibleES

Efficacy and safety of a comprehensive educational antimicrobial stewardship program focused on antifungal use

[Objective] Few data exist regarding the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs on antifungal use. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a comprehensive long-term antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) focused on antifungal use.[Methods] During a 9-year period, we quarterly assessed antifungal consumption, incidence density of hospital-acquired candidemia, Candida spp. distribution, antifungal resistance, and crude death rate per 1000 occupied bed days (OBDs) of hospital-acquired candidemia. We performed segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series.[Results] A significant change in trend was observed for antifungal consumption, with a sustained reduction of -0.87% per quarter (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.36 −0.38, p < 0.001), accounting for a final reduction of −38.4%. The main reduction was produced in fluconazole, with a sustained reduction of −1.37% per quarter (95%CI, −1.96 −0.68, p<0.001). The incidence density of hospital-acquired candidemia decreased, with a change in slope of −5.06% cases per 1000 OBDs per year (95%CI, −8.23 −1.77, p = 0.009). The 14-day crude death rate per 1000 OBDs dropped from 0.044 to 0.017 (−6.36% deaths per 1000 OBDs per year; 95%CI, −13.45 −1.31, p = 0.09).[Conclusions] This ASP has succeeded in optimizing the use of antifungal with a long-lasting reduction without increasing the incidence, neither the mortality, of hospital-acquired candidemia.The program received public funding from the Regional Health Ministry of Andalucía (Grant PI-0361-2010), which did not participate in the development of the program or the analysis of its results