619 research outputs found
Can exposure to prenatal sex hormones (2D:4D) predict cognitive reflection?
The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is a test introduced by Frederick (2005). The task is designed to measure the tendency to override an intuitive response that is incorrect and to engage in further reflection that leads to the correct response. The consistent sex differences in CRT performance may suggest a role for prenatal sex hormones. A now widely studied putative marker for relative prenatal testosterone is the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). This paper tests to what extent 2D:4D, as a proxy for the prenatal ratio of testosterone/estrogens, can predict CRT scores in a sample of 623 students. After controlling for sex, we observe that a lower 2D:4D (reflecting a relative higher exposure to testosterone) is significantly associated with a higher number of correct answers. The result holds for both handsâ 2D:4Ds. In addition, the effect appears to be stronger for females than for males. We also control for patience and math proficiency, which are significantly related to performance in the CRT. But the effect of 2D:4D on performance in CRT is not reduced with these controls, implying that these variables are not mediating the relationship between digit ratio and CRT
A Rational Expectations Model for Simulation and Policy Evaluation of the Spanish Economy
This paper describes a Rational Expectations Model of the Spanish economy, REMS, which is in the tradition of small open economy dynamic general equilibrium models, with a strongly microfounded system of equations. The model is built on standard elements, but incorporates some distinctive features to provide an accurate description of the Spanish economy. We contribute to the existing models of the Spanish economy by adding search and matching rigidities to a small open economy framework. Our model also incorporates habits in consumption and rule-of-thumb households. As Spain is a member of EMU, we model the interaction between a small open economy and monetary policy in a monetary union. The model is primarily constructed to serve as a simulation tool at the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance. As such, it provides a great deal of information regarding the transmission of policy shocks to economic outcomes. The paper describes the structure of the model in detail, as well as the estimation and calibration technique and some examples of simulations.general equilibrium, rigidities, policy simulations
The REMSDB Macroeconomic Database of The Spanish Economy
This paper presents a new macroeconomic database for the Spanish economy, REMSDB. The construction of this database has been oriented to conducting medium-term simulations for policy evaluation with the REMS model, a large Rational Expectations macroeconomic Model for Spain. The paper provides a detailed description of the data and documents its main statistical properties. The database is thought to be of major interest to related applications,whether strictly associated with the REMS model or, rather, with empirical macroeconomic studies.Spanish Data, Growth Data, Business Cycle Data, REMS
Improved determination of the 1(0)-0(0) rotational frequency of NH3D+ from the high resolution spectrum of the v4 infrared band
The high resolution spectrum of the v4 band of NH3D+ has been measured by
difference frequency IR laser spectroscopy in a multipass hollow cathode
discharge cell. From the set of molecular constants obtained from the analysis
of the spectrum, a value of 262817(6) MHz (3sigma) has been derived for the
frequency of the 1(0)-0(0) rotational transition. This value supports the
assignment to NH3D+ of lines at 262816.7 MHz recorded in radio astronomy
observations in Orion-IRc2 and the cold prestellar core B1-bS.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters 04 June
201
Effect of Progesterone, Cortisol and Dhea on the ITR of maedivisna virus transcripcional activity
Estudios previos sugieren que, al igual que en otras infecciones por retrovirus, las hormonas esteroideas serĂan capaces de dirigir la expresiĂłn del virus de Maedi-Visna (MVV) mediante la interacciĂłn con los Elementos de Respuesta a Hormona (HRE) de la regiĂłn promotora/reguladora LTR (Repeticiones Largas Terminales) del genoma del provirus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue la evaluaciĂłn del efecto del cortisol, progesterona y dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) sobre la capacidad transcripcional de la regiĂłn LTR de MVV mediante ensayos de transfecciĂłn en fibroblastos ovinos con plĂĄsmidos pAcGFP (que contiene el gen para la GFP, proteĂna verde fluorescente) en los que se habĂa clonado la regiĂłn U3-cap del LTR de distintas cepas de MVV. La actividad transcripcional del LTR se evaluĂł a travĂ©s de la cuantificaciĂłn de la expresiĂłn de la GFP por citometrĂa de flujo con las distintas concentraciones de cada hormona tras 48 horas de incubaciĂłn. En la mayorĂa de los ensayos se observĂł un claro efecto inhibitorio de la transcripciĂłn del LTR a elevadas concentraciones hormonales, disminuyendo el efecto a medida que se diluĂa la hormona, llegando incluso en el caso de cortisol y de DHEA a producirse un incremento de la expresiĂłn a partir de 10-7M. En general no se pudo asociar una diferente respuesta con el origen de la cepa estudiada lo que sugiere que no estĂĄ relacionado con los distintos orĂgenes/tropismos de los virus. Estos datos sugieren la presencia de un sitio HRE capaz de responder a estimulaciĂłn hormonal en el LTR de MVV.Previous studies suggest that steroid hormones may direct the expression of Maedi-Visna virus (MVV), as has been observed in other retroviral infections. This would be achieved through the promoter/regulator region of the LTR (long terminal repeats) of the proviral genome, which would contain hormone responsive elements (HRE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cortisol, progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the transcriptional ability of the MVV LTR region. For this, sheep fibroblasts were transfected with pAcGFP plasmids (containing the gene for green fluorescent protein, GFP) in which the U3-cap region of the LTR of different strains of MVV had been cloned. Different concentrations of each hormone were added to transfected cells and the transcriptional activity of the LTR was evaluated after 48 hours of incubation by quantifying the expression of GFP by flow cytometry. A clear inhibitory effect of the transcriptional ability of the LTR was observed in most of the assays at high hormonal concentrations. This effect decreased with the increasing dilutions of the hormones, to the point that GFP expression was above baseline in cells transfected with several of the plasmids and treated with dilutions above 10-7M of cortisol and DHEA. In general terms, a different response could not be associated to the origin of the strain under study, suggesting that the effect of steroids is not related to the different origins/tropisms of the virus. These data suggest the presence of a hormone responsive element (HRE) in the MVV LTR able to respond to hormonal stimulation
stochastic rainfall analysis for storm tank performance evaluation
Abstract. Stormwater detention tanks are widely used for mitigating impacts of combined sewer overflows (CSO) from urban catchments into receiving water bodies. The optimal size of detention tanks depends on climate and sewer system behaviours and can be estimated by using derived distribution approaches. They are based on using a stochastic model to fit the statistical pattern of observed rainfall records and a urban hydrology model to transform rainfall in sewer discharge. A key issue is the identification of the optimal structure of the stochastic rainfall model. Point processes are frequently applied, where rainfall events are schematised through the occurrence of rectangular pulses, which are governed by rainfall descriptors. In the presented model these latter descriptors are the interevent time (duration of the dry period between consecutive storms), event rainfall depth and event rainfall duration. This paper focuses on the analytical derivation of the probability distribution of the number and volume of overflows from the storm tank to the receiving water body for different and non-standard shapes of the probability distribution for above mentioned descriptors. The proposed approach is applied to 2 different sites in Spain: Valencia and Santander, located on the Mediterranean and northern Atlantic coastline, respectively. For both cases, it turned out that Pareto and Gamma-2 probability distributions for rainfall depth and duration provided a better fit than the exponential model, widely used in previous studies. A comparison between the two climatic zones, humid and semiarid, respectively, proves the key role played by climatic conditions for storm detention tanks sizing
Another beauty of analytical chemistry: chemical analysis of inorganic pigments of art and archaeological objects
[EN] This lecture text shows what fascinating tasks analytical chemists face in Art Conservation and Archaeology, and it is hoped that students reading it will realize that passions for science, arts or history are by no means mutually exclusive. This study describes the main analytical techniques used since the eighteenth century, and in particular, the instrumental techniques developed throughout the last century for analyzing pigments and inorganic materials, in general, which are found in cultural artefacts, such as artworks and archaeological remains. The lecture starts with a historical review on the use of analytical methods for the analysis of pigments from archaeological and art objects. Three different periods can be distinguished in the history of the application of the Analytical Chemistry in Archaeometrical and Art Conservation studies: (a) the "Formation'' period (eighteenth century1930), (b) the "Maturing'' period (1930-1970), and (c) the "Expansion'' period (1970-nowadays). A classification of analytical methods specifically established in the fields of Archaeometry and Conservation Science is also provided. After this, some sections are devoted to the description of a number of analytical techniques, which are most commonly used in routine analysis of pigments from cultural heritage. Each instrumental section gives the fundamentals of the instrumental technique, together with relevant analytical data and examples of applications.Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from Spanish ââI+D+I MINECOââ projects CTQ2011-28079-CO3-01 and CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P supported by ERDEF funds.Domenech Carbo, MT.; Osete Cortina, L. (2016). 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Clay Miner 36:403â419DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, LĂłpez-LĂłpez F, Valle-Algarra FM, Osete-Cortina L, Arcos-Von Haartman E (2013) Electrochemical characterization of egyptian blue pigment in wall paintings using the voltammetry of microparticles methodology. Electroanalysis 25:2621â2630DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Edwards HGM, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, del Hoyo-MelĂ©ndez JM, de la Cruz-Cañizares J (2012) An authentication case study: Antonio Palomino vs. Vicente Guillo paintings in the vaulted ceiling of the Sant Joan del Mercat church (Valencia, Spain). J Raman Spectrosc 43:1250â1259Lovric M, Scholz F (1999) A model for the coupled transport of ions and electrons in redox conductive microcrystals. J Solid State Electrochem 3:172â175Oldham KB (1998) Voltammetry at a three phase junction. J Solid State Electrochem 2:367â377DomĂ©nech A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Gimeno-Adelantado JV, Bosch-Reig F, SaurĂ-Peris MC, SĂĄnchez-Ramos S (2001) Electrochemical identification of iron oxide pigments (earths) from pictorial microsamples attached to graphite/polyester composite electrodes. Analyst 126:1764â1772DomĂ©nech A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Moya-Moreno MCM, Gimeno-Adelantado JV, Bosch-Reig F (2000) Identification of inorganic pigments from paintings and polychromed sculptures immobilized into polymer film electrodes by stripping differential pulse voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 407:275â289DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Valle-Algarra FM, Gimeno-Adelantado JV, Osete-Cortina L, Bosch-Reig F (2016) On-line database of voltammetric data of immobilized particles for identifying pigments and minerals in archaeometry, conservation and restoration (ELCHER database). Anal Chim Acta 927:1â12http://www.elcher.info (consulted: 1 July 2016)Scholz F, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A (2010) Special feature: electrochemistry for conservation science. J Solid State Electrochem 14Domenech-CarbĂł A, Domenech-CarbĂł MT, Edwards HGM (2007) Identification of earth pigment by hierarchical cluster applied to solid state voltammetry. Application to a severely damaged frescoes. Electroanalysis 19:1890â1900Domenech-CarbĂł A, Domenech-CarbĂł MT, VĂĄzquez de Agredos-Pascual ML (2006) Dehydroindigo: a new piece into the Maya Blue puzzle from the voltammetry of microparticles approach. J Phys Chem B 110:6027â6039DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, VĂĄzquez de Agredos-Pascual ML (2007) Chemometric study of Maya Blue from the voltammetry of microparticles approach. Anal Chem 79:2812â2821DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, VĂĄzquez de Agredos-Pascual ML (2011) From Maya Blue to âMaya Yellowâ: a connection between ancient nanostructured materials from the voltammetry of microparticles. Angew Chem Int Edit 50:5741â5744DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Vidal-Lorenzo C, VĂĄzquez de Agredos-Pascual ML (2012) Insights into the Maya Blue Technology: greenish pellets from the ancient city of La Blanca. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:700â703DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Osete-Cortina L, Montoya N (2012) Application of solid-state electrochemistry techniques to polyfunctional organic-inorganic hybrid materials: the Maya Blue problem. Micropor Mesopor Mater 166:123â130DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł MT, Osete-Cortina L, DomĂ©nech-CarbĂł A, VĂĄzquez de Agredos-Pascual ML, Vidal-Lorenzo C (2014) Identification of indigoid compounds present in archaeological Maya blue by pyrolysis-silylation-gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry. J Anal Appl Pyrol 105:355â36
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