Analyzing genome-wide association studies with an FDR controlling modification of the Bayesian information criterion

The prevailing method of analyzing GWAS data is still to test each marker individually, although from a statistical point of view it is quite obvious that in case of complex traits such single marker tests are not ideal. Recently several model selection approaches for GWAS have been suggested, most of them based on LASSO-type procedures. Here we will discuss an alternative model selection approach which is based on a modification of the Bayesian Information Criterion (mBIC2) which was previously shown to have certain asymptotic optimality properties in terms of minimizing the misclassification error. Heuristic search strategies are introduced which attempt to find the model which minimizes mBIC2, and which are efficient enough to allow the analysis of GWAS data. Our approach is implemented in a software package called MOSGWA. Its performance in case control GWAS is compared with the two algorithms HLASSO and GWASelect, as well as with single marker tests, where we performed a simulation study based on real SNP data from the POPRES sample. Our results show that MOSGWA performs slightly better than HLASSO, whereas according to our simulations GWASelect does not control the type I error when used to automatically determine the number of important SNPs. We also reanalyze the GWAS data from the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium (WTCCC) and compare the findings of the different procedures

Joe Dolejsi of Bismarck: Germany, World War II

North Dakota Prisoner of War Report by Joe Dolejsi (1921-2010) of Bismarck. Dolejsi was a POW of Germany during the Second World War

Goal-oriented error analysis of iterative Galerkin discretizations for nonlinear problems including linearization and algebraic errors

We consider the goal-oriented error estimates for a linearized iterative solver for nonlinear partial differential equations. For the adjoint problem and iterative solver we consider, instead of the differentiation of the primal problem, a suitable linearization which guarantees the adjoint consistency of the numerical scheme. We derive error estimates and develop an efficient adaptive algorithm which balances the errors arising from the discretization and use of iterative solvers. Several numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of this algorithm.Comment: submitte

Photoproduction of Vector Mesons at Large Transfer

At forward angles, the cross-sections of photoproduction of vector mesons ($\rho$, $\omega$, and $\phi$) are well accounted for by the exchange of the Pomeron at high energies, while contributions of $t$ channel exchange of Reggeons are significant at low energies. At large angles, the impact parameter becomes small enough to prevent their constituents to build up the exchanged Reggeons or Pomeron. Two gluon exchange appears to dominate above $-t\simeq 1$ GeV$^2$, especially in the $\phi$ channel.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Time Evolution of Jets and Perturbative Color Neutralization

In-medium production of leading hadrons in hard reactions, carrying the main fraction of the jet momentum, involves two stages: (i) the parton originated from the hard process propagates through the medium radiating gluons due to the initial hard collision, as well as to multiple interactions in the medium; (ii) perturbative color neutralization, e.g. picking up an anti-colored parton produced perturbatively, followed by evolution and attenuation of the (pre)hadron in the medium. The color neutralization (or production) length for leading hadrons is controlled by coherence, energy conservation and Sudakov suppression. The pT-broadening is a sensitive and model independent probe for the production length. The color neutralization time is expected to shrink with rising hard scale. In particular, we found a very fast energy dissipation by a highly virtual parton: half of the jet energy is radiated during the first Fermi. Energy conservation makes the production of leading hadrons at longer times difficult.Comment: Based on talk given by B.K. at the Fifth International Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics, Trieste, May 200

Experimental Studies of Hadronization and Parton Propagation in the Space-Time Domain

Over the past decade, new data have become available from DESY, Jefferson Lab, Fermilab, and RHIC that connect to parton propagation and hadron formation. Semi-inclusive DIS on nuclei, the Drell-Yan reaction, and heavy-ion collisions all bring different kinds of information on parton propagation within a medium, while the most direct information on hadron formation comes from the DIS data. Over the next decade one can hope to begin to understand these data within a unified picture. We briefly survey the most relevant data and the common elements of the physics picture, then highlight the new Jefferson Lab data from CLAS, and close with prospects for the future.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures - To appear in the conference proceedings for Quark Matter 2009, March 30 - April 4, Knoxville, Tennesse

Compatibility of a model for the QCD-Pomeron and chiral-symmetry breaking phenomenologies

The phenomenology of a QCD-Pomeron model based on the exchange of a pair of non-perturbative gluons, i.e. gluon fields with a finite correlation length in the vacuum, is studied in comparison with the phenomenology of QCD chiral symmetry breaking, based on non-perturbative solutions of Schwinger-Dyson equations for the quark propagator including these non-perturbative gluon effects. We show that these models are incompatible, and point out some possibles origins of this problem.Comment: 21 pages, uuencoded latex file, 3 postscript figures, uses epsf.sty and epsf.tex. To be published in Phys. Lett.

Resummation of nuclear enhanced higher twist in the Drell Yan process

We investigate higher twist contributions to the transverse momentum broadening of Drell Yan pairs in proton nucleus collisions. We revisit the contribution of matrix elements of twist-4 and generalize this to matrix elements of arbitrary twist. An estimate of the maximal nuclear broadening effect is derived. A model for nuclear enhanced matrix elements of arbitrary twist allows us to give the result of a resummation of all twists in closed form. Subleading corrections to the maximal broadening are discussed qualitatively.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor changes in text, acknowledgement added; v3: mistake in fig. 1 correcte

X-ray Investigation of the Critical Exponent η in Argon

Measurements were made of the small-angle x-ray scattering intensity from argon near the critical point. After the scattering curves are corrected for all known effects except those resulting from irrelevant variables, a value of the critical exponent η=0.09±0.02 is obtained, while if a correction for the estimated effect of irrelevant variables is also made, η=0.03±0.03. The scattering data for argon therefore show that if irrelevant variables can be neglected, the critical exponent η for argon is in good agreement with the value obtained by Warkulwiz, Mozer, and Green from small-angle neutron scattering data for neon. These values of η, however, are clearly greater than those obtained by calculations using high-temperature expansions and renormalizationgroup techniques. On the other hand, if the effects of irrelevant variables are given by the estimate used in correcting the scattering data, the η value computed from the scattering curves agrees with the theoretical results