ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE PERPETUAL USUFRUCT RIGHT INTO THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY AT VARIOUS TIMES IN THE DURATION OF THE PERPETUAL USUFRUCT RIGHT

In view of the growing interest of foreign investors in investments in Poland, especially since Poland’s accession to the European Union, this article analyzes the profitability of the transformation of the perpetual usufruct law into the right of property at various times in the duration of this right, on the basis of the empirical formula presented in Polish law (the legal act) – The Ordinance of the Council of Ministers on the valuation of real estate and the estimated cadastre survey. It was analysed how the fee for the transformation of the perpetual usufruct law into the right of property changes depending on the assumed rate of capitalization, interest rate on the annual fee, the number of years in the unused period of usufruct.perpetual usufruct right, capitalization rate, Land Economics/Use,

Experimental generation of complex noisy photonic entanglement

We present an experimental scheme based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion to produce multiple photon pairs in maximally entangled polarization states using an arrangement of two type-I nonlinear crystals. By introducing correlated polarization noise in the paths of the generated photons we prepare mixed entangled states whose properties illustrate fundamental results obtained recently in quantum information theory, in particular those concerning bound entanglement and privacy.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Experimental Extraction of Secure Correlations from a Noisy Private State

We report experimental generation of a noisy entangled four-photon state that exhibits a separation between the secure key contents and distillable entanglement, a hallmark feature of the recently established quantum theory of private states. The privacy analysis, based on the full tomographic reconstruction of the prepared state, is utilized in a proof-of-principle key generation. The inferiority of distillation-based strategies to extract the key is exposed by an implementation of an entanglement distillation protocol for the produced state.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, final versio

Towards illiberal conditioning? New politics of media regulations in Poland (2015–2018)

In this article, we examine how media policy changes aid de-democratisation in Poland. Unfolding the logic underpinning the new politics of media regulations, this article argues that media policy paints a nuanced picture of democratic backsliding. Our Foucault-inspired discourse analysis of media policy archive focuses on the rise of illiberal trends at the cross-roads of the Polish hybrid media system, democracy and society. We find these trends display the features of centralisation of power, cultural politics, political partisanship and social polarisations. We explain these notions, using the concepts of “executive aggrandisement” and “politicisation” of public service media sector

The Influence of Temperature on Coumarin 153 Fluorescence Kinetics

The influence of temperature varied in the range 183 K–323 K on the fluorescence quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime, absorption and emission transition moments and non-radiative deactivation rate was determined for the well known and largely used dye Coumarin 153, dissolved in 1-chloropropane. The Kennard-Stepanov relation connecting the absorption and emission spectra was used to check for the presence of more than one absorbing/emitting species and to investigate whether intramolecular vibrational redistribution completes in the C153 excited S1 state before the emission takes place. The emission spectrum corresponding to S1→S0 transition, was fitted at each temperature to the model function including the information on the dye vibrational modes coupling. In this way the displacement in equilibrium distance for the most active vibrational mode was determined for C153 in S1 and in S0. Using the temperature dependence of the fluorescence decay time and quantum yield, the non-radiative deactivation rate was determined. Its temperature dependence was compared to that calculated using the theoretical model with the most active vibrational mode displacement values taken from steady-state spectra analysis. The somewhat surprising dependence of the fluorescence decay time and quantum yield on temperature was related to non-trivial coupling between low-frequency vibrational modes of C153 in the excited and ground states

Adsorption and Quantum Chemical Studies on the Inhibition Potentials of Some Thiosemicarbazides for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

Three thiosemicarbazides, namely 2-(2-aminophenyl)-N phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (AP4PT), N,2-diphenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (D4PT) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenyl hydrazinecarbothioamide (HP4PT), were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in H2SO4 solution using gravimetric and gasometric methods. The results revealed that they all inhibit corrosion and their % inhibition efficiencies (%IE) follow the order: AP4PT > HP4PT > D4PT. The %IE obtained from the gravimetric and gasometric experiments were in good agreement. The thermodynamic parameters obtained support a physical adsorption mechanism and the adsorption followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some quantum chemical parameters were calculated using different methods and correlated with the experimental %IE. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) approach was used on a composite index of some quantum chemical parameters to characterize the inhibition performance of the studied molecules. The results showed that the %IE were closely related to some of the quantum chemical parameters, but with varying degrees. The calculated/theoretical %IE of the molecules were found to be close to their experimental %IE. The local reactivity has been studied through the Fukui and condensed softness indices in order to predict both the reactive centers and to know the possible sites of nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks

Do Online, Offline, and Multiplatform Journalists Differ in their Professional Principles and Practices? Findings from a Multinational Study

Online journalists are often believed, not least in the industry itself, to follow different professional standards from their print and broadcast colleagues. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support or to refute this perception. This paper intends to help fill that gap by investigating whether offline and online journalists differ in their professional principles and practices. Drawing on previous conceptual research by Deuze, we operationalize the concept of journalism as an ideology comprising four ideal professional values: public service, objectivity, autonomy, and ethics. Using survey data from the Worlds of Journalism Study we compare professional principles and practices among online, offline, and multiplatform journalists in nine Western and Eastern European countries (N = 6,089). We find, contrary to previous research, that principles and practices among online and offline journalists broadly conform. However, we also find that online journalists are more likely than their offline colleagues to find justification for publishing unverified information and less interested in holding politicians to account, despite reporting that they have more freedom to select and frame news stories. We also find important differences between our samples of Western and Eastern European journalists

Geochemical studies of soils in some city parks of Warsaw

Badania gleb na terenie parków położonych w centrum Warszawy miały na celu szczegółowe analizy ich stanu chemicznego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wzbogacenia w pierwiastki toksyczne dla organizmów żywych. Analizowano gleby z dwóch zakresów głębokości (0,0–0,3 i 0,8–1,0 m) dla porównania zmian ich składu wywołanych czynnikami antropogenicznymi w relacji do skał macierzystych. Gęstość opróbowania wynosiła 1 próbka/0,01 km2. Oznaczenia Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, Ti i Zn wykonano metodą ICP-AES, a rtęć analizowano metodą CV-AAS. Stwierdzono wzbogacenie warstwy powierzchniowej gleb w miedź, ołów i cynk, wiążące się wyraźnie z oddziaływaniem czynników antropogenicznych. Na obrzeżach parków zaznaczają się anomalie miedzi (>28 mg/kg), ołowiu (>70 mg/kg) i cynku (>206 mg/kg), których źródłem są głównie emisje z zakładów przemysłowych oraz środków transportu. Przeciętne zawartości baru (68 mg/kg), strontu (21 mg/kg) i siarki (0,028%) są również wyraźnie zwiększone w stosunku do wartości regionalnego tła geochemicznego. Zawartości tych pierwiastków są związane przede wszystkim z opadem pyłów z elektrociepłowni miejskich. Przestrzenne rozmieszczenie glinu, kobaltu, chromu, żelaza, niklu i tytanu jest związane ze składem chemicznym skał podłoża. Punktowe anomalie metali w glebach parków są związane z historycznym funkcjonowaniem na ich terenie obiektów wojskowych oraz wykorzystywaniem materiałów pochodzących z odgruzowywania Warszawy po II wojnie światowej do budowy alejek parkowych.The main purpose of the studies on soils of Warsaw parks was to assess the level of metal pollution and especially enrichment of elements toxic for organisms. Samples were taken from two depth intervals (0.0–0.3 and 0.8–1.0 m) for comparison between anthropogenic changes and natural background. Sample density was 1 sample/0.01 km2. Elements were determined using ICP-AES method. Mercury was determined with CV-AAS method. The enrichment of copper, lead and zinc in the topsoil is related to urbanization factors. Cu (>28 mg/kg), Pb (>70 mg/kg) and Zn (>206 mg/kg) concentrations found at the boundaries of the parks are due to atmospheric falls of industrial and traffic origin. The medians of barium (68 mg/kg), strontium (21 mg/kg) and sulphur (0.028%) in park soils are definitely higher than the geochemical background. The source of the enrichment seams to be emissions released from local power plants. Spatial distribution of aluminum, cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel and titanium is related to the geological structure. Spotty anomalies of metals in park soils are related to the long-term existence of polluting objects on their areas and to the use of ruins from Warsaw buildings after World War II as a building material for park footpaths

ANALYSIS OF PROFITABILITY OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE PERPETUAL USUFRUCT RIGHT INTO THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY AT VARIOUS TIMES IN THE DURATION OF THE PERPETUAL USUFRUCT RIGHT

In view of the growing interest of foreign investors in investments in Poland, especially since Poland’s accession to the European Union, this article analyzes the profitability of the transformation of the perpetual usufruct law into the right of property at various times in the duration of this right, on the basis of the empirical formula presented in Polish law (the legal act) – The Ordinance of the Council of Ministers on the valuation of real estate and the estimated cadastre survey. It was analysed how the fee for the transformation of the perpetual usufruct law into the right of property changes depending on the assumed rate of capitalization, interest rate on the annual fee, the number of years in the unused period of usufruct