The Effect of Infusion of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Leaves as Natural Preservative Chicken Meats

Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. (Indonesian bay leaf) is known for possessing antimicrobial activity that might be applied for natural food preservative. In this study, we analyzed the constituents of infusion of S. polyanthum leaves and evaluated its potency as the preservative of fresh chicken meats. The infusions were prepared with the method described in Indonesian Pharmacopeia. Phytochemical content of infusion of S. polyanthum leaves was analyzed by qualitative phytochemical screening using colorimetric methods. Its application for preservative of fresh chicken meat was evaluated based on its activity in inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the meats as well as the physical observation of the preserved meats. The infusion of S. polyanthum leaves contained flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The infusion at the optimum concentration of 10% was capable of inhibiting bacterial growth on chicken meats and extending their shelf life up to 3 days in temperature of 3-7ºC

ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF SOME PHOTOSENSITIZERS BEARING CARBOXYLIC ACID GROUPS: INSIGHTS FROM THEORY

Objective: The main objective of this research work was to give insight from theory in interpreting electronic absorption spectra of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles bearing carboxylic acid groups: protoporphyrin IX, pheophorbide a and its 1-hydroxyethyl derivatives for application in photodynamic therapy.Methods: All calculations were carried out by using the Gaussian 03W version 6.0. Electronic excitation energies and oscillator strengths were computed as vertical excitations from the minima of the ground state structures by using ZINDO and TD-DFT approach in vacuo. The simulated spectra were obtained by using the GaussSum 2.2.0 program.Results: The results showed that chlorine compounds (pheophorbide a and its 1-hydroxyethyl derivative) display the red-most absorption (Qx) at longer wavelengths and their absorption were stronger than porphyrin compounds (protoporphyrin IX and its 1-hydroxyethyl derivative). On the other hand, the 1-hydroxyethyl derivatives were not able to red-shift the absorption compared to the parent compounds.Conclusion: The chlorin compounds bearing carboxylic acid groups were, however, more promising candidates to be utilized in PDT compared to the corresponding porphyrin compounds.Keywords: Absorption spectra, 1-Hydroxyethyl derivative, Photodynamic therapy, Pheophorbide a, Protoporphyrin IX, TD-DFT, ZIND

Isolation, identification, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity of Aspergillus sp. MFD-01, an endophytic fungus derived from Mesua ferrea

We have successfully isolated and identified endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Mesua ferrea L. grown at Banyumas were for the first time. One of those fungi was MFD-01. In this study, we report the isolation, identification, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical screening of Aspergillus sp. MFD-01. The endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of M. ferrea by subsequent inoculation on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The identification was based on its morphology and ITS-DNA sequence. The antibacterial activity was determined by dilution method. The identification of compounds in ethyl acetate extract of it was conducted according to the standart phytochemical screening method. MFD-01 was identified as Aspergillus sp. MFD-01. The ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus sp. MFD-01 inhibited the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. At concentration of 1000 ppm, its diameter of inhibitory zone against those bacteria was 10.53 and 11.84, respectively. The extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins, which might responsible for its antibacterial activity against both tested bacteria

ANTIBACTERIAL, IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ELECTROLYZED OXIDIZING/REDUCING WATER

Objective: Electrolyzed oxidizing/reducing water is popular as health beneficial water in Indonesia. In this study, we examined the level of antibacterial,anticancer, and antioxidant activity of the electrolyzed water.Methods: The efficacy of electrolyzed water produced by Enagic® at six level pH (2.5, 6.0, 7.0, 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5) was investigated. Antibacterialactivity was evaluated using a macrodilution method. The anticancer activity was performed against human breast cancer (T47D) cell lines using3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was determined using antioxidant model,2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity.Results: The results show that electrolyzed water exhibited antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis.Among six level pH, electrolyzed water at pH 2.5 showed the highest antibacterial activity. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of electrolyzed water showedpotential moderate cytotoxicity. The activity tends to be higher in alkaline electrolyzed water. However, the electrolyzed water showed free radicalscavenging activity.Conclusion: Electrolyzed water that marked in Indonesia has some potential health benefits. The activity is dependent on pH

Pemberdayaan Ibu-ibu Aisyiyah dalam Pemilihan, Penggunaan dan Penyimpanan Sirup dengan Bijaksana

Saat ini berbagai isu terkait dengan penggunaan sirup dan gagal ginjal akut pada anak masih terus berkembang. Hal tersebut menimbulkan keresahan hingga kekhawatiran masyarakat untuk menggunakan sirup dalam pengobatan sehari-hari dalam keluarga, terutama sejak munculnya larangan menggunakan obat dalam bentuk sediaan sirup oleh kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia pada akhir tahun 2022 lalu. Pengurus Aisyiyah Desa Karangsalam Kidul memberikan informasi bahwa sebagian besar ibu memiliki informasi dan pengetahuan yang terbatas mengenai kasus gagal ginjal akut pada anak dan penggunaan obat sirup. Tingkat sosial ekonomi dan pendidikan sebagian besar masyarakat yang masih menengah ke bawah juga menjadi perhatian tersendiri. Solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra adalah dengan memberikan edukasi untuk tentang pemilihan, penggunaan dan penyimpanan obat sirup. Dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan penyuluhan dan evaluasi hasil kegiatan melalui pretest dan postest menggunakan kuesioner benar-salah Setelah pemberian edukasi. Dari data yang diperoleh, menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu-ibu Aisyiyah di Desa Karangsalam Kidul

Molecular modeling on the identification of potential Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) inhibitor based on the Indonesian Medicinal Plant Database

The Janus tyrosine kinases (JAKs) have shown great promise as therapeutic protein targets in the treatment of cancer and inflammation diseases. This study used pharmacophore modeling to identify potential inhibitors of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3). A pharmacophore model was developed based on a known JAK3 inhibitor (1NX) and was employed to search for potential JAK3 inhibitors against Indonesian herbal compounds. Among 28 hit molecules that were identified and subjected to a molecular docking protocol against JAK3, the three compounds that had the highest affinities toward JAK3 were camelliaside B, 3-O-galloylepicatechin-(4beta-6)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and mesuaferrone B. These were then each subjected to a 50-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Analysis of RMSD and RMSF values indicated that the three compounds reached stability during the MD simulation. Interestingly, all three compounds had lower binding energies than 1NX against JAK3, as predicted by the MM-PBSA binding energy calculation

Optimasi Fast Disintegrating Tablet Difenhidramin HCl Menggunakan Modifikasi Pati Pisang Kepok Kuning, Crospovidone, dan Microcrystalline Cellulose

Diphenhydramine HCl is an antihistamine drug that is available in conventional tablet form. This study aimed to produce the optimum formula for a diphenhydramine fast disintegrating tablet (FDT) using a modification of starch, crospovidone, and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to produce quality tablets that meet the tablet's physical requirements and tablet dissolution. Starch modification was made using a two-step method of starch cross-link, then continued with silica coprecipitation. FDT was prepared by the direct compression method. Optimisation with the simplex lattice design (SLD) model uses three components: co-process starch crosslink-silica, crospovidone, and MCC, which obtained 14 formula designs. The hardness, wetting time, disintegration time, and percent dissolution are optimisation parameters. Equations, contour plots, and desirability values were determined as the optimum formula. Based on the research results, an optimum formula was obtained with the proportion of co-process cross-link starch-silica was 56.185 mg, crospovidone at 6 mg, and MCC at 45.815 mg. The result of hardness was 5 kg, wetting time 51.061 seconds, disintegration time 63.129 seconds, and dissolution was 100.972%. The interaction of the three components reduces hardness and increases disintegration time, wetting time, and percent dissolution.Difenhidramin HCl merupakan golongan antihistamin yang tersedia dalam bentuk tablet konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan formula optimum fast disintegrating tablet (FDT) difenhidramin HCl menggunakan modifikasi pati, crospovidone, dan MCC yang berkualitas memenuhi syarat fisik tablet dan persen terdisolusi tablet. Modifikasi pati dibuat menggunakan dua tahapan metode yaitu crosslink pati kemudian dilanjutkan coprecipitation silica. FDT dibuat dengan metode kempa langsung. Optimasi dilakukan dengan model simplex lattice design (SLD) menggunakan 3 komponen yaitu: co-process pati crosslink-silica, crospovidone, dan MCC, sehingga didapatkan 14 rancangan formula. Kekerasan, wetting time, waktu hancur dan persen terdisolusi sebagai parameter optimasi. Berdasarkan model SLD didapatkan persamaan untuk masing-masing parameter tersebut, contour plot dan nilai desirability sehingga dapat menentukan formula optimum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan formula optimum dengan proporsi co-process pati crosslink-silica 56,185 mg, crospovidone 6 mg, dan MCC 45,815 mg yang menghasilkan kekerasan tablet 5 kg, wetting time 51.061 detik, waktu hancur 63,129 detik, dan persen terdisolusi 100,972%. Interaksi ketiga komponen berpengauh menurunkan kekerasan, meningkatkan waktu disintegrasi, meningkatkan wetting time tablet, serta meningkatkan persen terdisolusi

Penetapan Kadar Kurkuminoid dalam Jamu Serbuk Galian Putri yang Mengandung Simplisia Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val) yang Beredar di Kecamatan Ketanggungan

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil kromotogram dan variasi kadar kurkurminoid yang terkandung dalam sediaan jamu galian putri yang di pasarkan di dua pasar di Kecamatan Ketanggungan, Kabupaten Brebes. Sampel adalah jamu merk A, B dan C yang masing-masing di peroleh dari Pasar Gede dan Pasar Ciremai. Semua sempel diekstraksi, kemudian ekstrak yang diperoleh sebagian di uji dengan Kromotografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), sebagian ditetapkan kadarnya dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kromotrogram yang di peroleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga bercak pada lempeng KLM. Hasil anava dua arah menunjukkan bahwa tiap merk jamu mengandung kurkuminoid dengan kadar yang berbeda secara signifikan, sedangkan tempat distribusi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar kurkumin

Validasi Penetapan Kadar Kalsium Dalam Sediaan Tablet Multivitamin dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Ultra Violet Visibel

Penetapkan kadar Ca2+ dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis berdasarkan reaksi komplek dengan mureksid, yang dimonitor pada panjang gelombang 509 nm. Kurva kalibrasi mempunyai rentang 0,2-1 ppm dengan kondisi optimum. Koefisien regrasi linear mempunyai nilai 0,9963, limit deteksi 0,009 ppm dan nilai recovery 112,63%

Preservation Potential of Galangal Water Extract on Tofu

Galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.) has been long used for medicinal purposes. It showed promising effects on the food-spoilage microorganisms and is commonly used as spices in various cuisines. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial growth inhibitory activity and the preservation potential of galangal water extracts on tofu. The water extracts were prepared by infundation method in the concentrations of 5, 10, and 20%w/v. The phytochemical compounds in the extracts were screened as per standard methods. The tofu was preserved by immersion method for eight days under room temperature with an evaluation time point of two days. The microbial growth inhibitory activity was evaluated by indirect optical density (OD)-based enumeration, and the OD reduction by the extracts was calculated accordingly. The preservation potential was calculated from the changes of the physical characters on tofu evaluated by sensorial analysis. Galangal water extracts contained tannins and terpenoids. It concentration- dependently inhibited microbial growth on tofu, and the extract showed the best OD reduction at a concentration of 20%. It changed the color of tofu but maintained its texture. It also masked the odor of fresh tofu with the aromatic galangal scent. All three tested concentrations showed an equal preservation potential of 2 days. Our data suggested galangal water extract in the optimum concentration of 20% inhibited the microbial growth on tofu and potentially preserved it for two days. This moderate preservation effect might be attributable to its tannins and terpenoids content