EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF CHIA (SALVIA HISPANICA) SEEDS EXTRACT AGAINST PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS, FUSOBACTERIUM NUCLEATUM AND AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS-AN IN-VITRO STUDY

Background: Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds are used widely because of its nutritional value, antioxidant and antibacterial activity against various microorganisms but there are no studies that relate the antibacterial activity of Chia seeds against periodontal pathogens. Hence, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of Chia seeds extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Materials and Methods: Extract of Chia seeds in ethanol and distilled water were obtained by cold maceration. The crude residue was obtained by evaporation at room temperature. The antimicrobial efficacy of Chia seeds in all extracts were assessed against oral microorganisms by finding out zone of inhibition and minimal inhibitory concentration. Results: Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) in ethanol and distilled water were found to be effective against A.actinomycetamcmitans, P.gingivalis and F.nucleatum by highest zone of inhibition being 18mm for aqueous extract of Chia seeds against A.actinomycetamcomitans. Minimum inhibitory concentration for aqueous extract of Chia seeds for A.actinomycetamcomitans and P.gingivalis was established at 50% and for F.nucleatum at 12.5%.The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanolic extract of Chia seeds for A.actinomycetamcomitans, P.gingivali and F.nucleatum was 12.5%, 6.25% and 50 % respectively. Conclusion: From results of the study, it is suggested that an ethanolic and aqueous extract of Chia seeds (S.hispanica) has antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis A. actinomycetemcomitans and F.nucleatum

Importance of Graphene in the Electro-Fenton Process

Graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted researchers from various fields due to their extraordinary physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. An emerging class of graphene-based nanostructures and nanocomposites is considered to be a promising solution to various types of environmental pollution. The electro-Fenton process is one of the easy and effective approaches to treating a wide range of organic pollutants in a liquid medium. The usage of graphene-based electrodes in the electro-Fenton process is considered to be a promising and cleaner way to produce reactive oxygen species to mineralize organic contaminants rapidly. Graphene derivatives are used to immobilize various heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for improved catalytic activity, stability, and reusability. In this review, the importance of graphene-based materials in improving the performance efficiency in the electro-Fenton process is presented along with an enhancement mechanism through the following discussions: (i) the significance of oxygen functional groups and nitrogen doping on graphene layers to enhance the two-electron oxygen reduction reactions; (ii) the advantages of iron-loaded graphene-based materials as catalysts and composite electrodes for the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species; (iii) a summary of various forms of graphene-based materials, modifications in their chemical structure, properties, and applications in the electro-Fenton process to remove organic contaminants

Structural, electrical, and antimicrobial characterization of green synthesized ZnO nanorods from aqueous Mentha extract

We synthesized two types of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) for comparison, the first NPs were produced using a Zn(Ac)(2).2H(2)O solution in distilled water and the second were produced using a Zn(Ac)(2).2H(2)O solution in an aqueous extract of Mentha (mint). The x-ray diffraction patterns were indexed on the basis of a hexagonal (wurtzite) structure. The samples illustrate the high crystalline quality, and the average crystal sizes of the NPs were calculated to be 50 and 60 nm for GS and NS, respectively. ZnO nanorods were produced for the first time by using green synthesis method

Effect of 4.7% Stevia Solution Mouth Rinsing on Salivary pH: An In Vivo Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Stevia is a natural, non-caloric sweetener with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-cariogenic properties. Aim was to assess and compare the effect of 4.7% stevia solution, 4.7% sucrose solution and distilled water mouth rinsing on salivary pH. Methods: Randomized controlled trial with latin square design was followed involving 15 female participants aged 20-23 years. Participants were randomly allocated to three interventional groups; Group A: 4.7% stevia mouth rinse, Group B: 4.7% sucrose mouth rinse and Group C: distilled water mouth rinse. Salivary pH assessments were done at baseline and 1, 20 and 60 minutes post intervention using salivary pH indicator strips. For statistical analysis, significance level was fixed at p<0.05. One way and repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post Hoc tests were used for data analysis Results: There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in salivary pH post rinsing with stevia solution (at 1, 20 and 60 minutes respectively) compared to sucrose solution and distilled water mouth rinsing Conclusion: Stevia solution mouth rinsing showed significant increase in salivary pH at one hour from baseline compared to sucrose and distilled water mouth rinsing. Hence, it may serve as an anti-cariogenic sugar substitute

MULTISCALE MODELING OF CONCRETE FOR DETERMINING CONCRETE CREEP COMPLIANCE

Estimation of creep of concrete and the resulting long-term deflections and prestress losses are important factors in the design of Reinforced and Prestressed concrete structural elements. Rational modeling of creep is required to ensure the safety and serviceability of structural elements during their service life, while a number of models have been proposed for estimation of creep of concrete for design purposes, a satisfactory model is yet to evolve due to the complexity exhibited by concrete creep. Recent investigation has shown that the knowledge about the nanoscale properties of C-S-H phases can be used along with multiscale modeling of concrete to determine creep properties of concrete. This paper presents the investigations carried out on determination of creep of concrete based on creep properties of nanogranular C-S-H phases. The upscaling of the viscoelastic properties of concrete have been done by using the formulation given by Pichler and Lackner[1]. This model links creep compliance of concrete at a macroscale, to the composition of concrete at microscale, which has been validated by comparing with experimental results available in open literatur

PHYSICOCHEMICAL, FORMULATION, AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL HERBAL SOAP USING Curcuma Amada Roxburgh and Prunus Dulcis.

Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxburgh) belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, a type of annual plant. It is commonly used for culinary and therapeutic purposes, which also has the maximum amount of health benefits. In the present study, Aqueous, Ethanol, and Chloroform extract of Mango ginger were subjected to Qualitative and Quantitative phytochemical analysis and determined the Antioxidant Activity using DPPH assay and FRAP assay. Also, the Ash and Moisture content of the rhizome was analyzed. The aqueous extract of mango ginger is used in the GC-MS study to identify the compounds present in the mango ginger. The oil was extracted from Mango ginger and subjected to Antifungal activity by the Well diffusion method against three fungi namely Candida tropicalis, Candida aureus, and Candida albicas. By using the extracted mango ginger oil and almond oil, Antifungal Herbal Soap is formulated. The formulated soap was evaluated to further parameters like color, odor, pH, foam test, foam retention, viscosity, specific gravity, and stability. According to the above studies, the formulated Antifungal herbal soap may rectify the problems of fungal skin infections

Environmental applications of boron doped diamond electrode: 1. Applications in water and wastewater treatment.

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