[Avian cytogenetics goes functional] Third report on chicken genes and chromosomes 2015

High-density gridded libraries of large-insert clones using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and other vectors are essential tools for genetic and genomic research in chicken and other avian species... Taken together, these studies demonstrate that applications of large-insert clones and BAC libraries derived from birds are, and will continue to be, effective tools to aid high-throughput and state-of-the-art genomic efforts and the important biological insight that arises from them

Jets and energy flow in photon-proton collisions at HERA

Properties of the hadronic final state in photoproduction events with large transverse energy are studied at the electron-proton collider HERA. Distributions of the transverse energy, jets and underlying event energy are compared to \overline{p}p data and QCD calculations. The comparisons show that the \gamma p events can be consistently described by QCD models including -- in addition to the primary hard scattering process -- interactions between the two beam remnants. The differential jet cross sections d\sigma/dE_T^{jet} and d\sigma/d\eta^{jet} are measured

Разработка интерактивной моделирующей системы технологии низкотемпературной сепарации газа

We present a study of J ψ meson production in collisions of 26.7 GeV electrons with 820 GeV protons, performed with the H1-detector at the HERA collider at DESY. The J ψ mesons are detected via their leptonic decays both to electrons and muons. Requiring exactly two particles in the detector, a cross section of σ(ep → J ψ X) = (8.8±2.0±2.2) nb is determined for 30 GeV ≤ W γp ≤ 180 GeV and Q 2 ≲ 4 GeV 2 . Using the flux of quasi-real photons with Q 2 ≲ 4 GeV 2 , a total production cross section of σ ( γp → J / ψX ) = (56±13±14) nb is derived at an average W γp =90 GeV. The distribution of the squared momentum transfer t from the proton to the J ψ can be fitted using an exponential exp(− b ∥ t ∥) below a ∥ t ∥ of 0.75 GeV 2 yielding a slope parameter of b = (4.7±1.9) GeV −2

Re-examination of 'Einige Beiträge zur Theorie der Zahnregulierung' (Some contributions to the theory of the regulation of teeth) published in 1904-1905 by Carl Sandstedt

10.1093/ejo/cjs007European Journal of Orthodontics352160-168EJOO

α1-Adrenergic Responsiveness in Human Skeletal Muscle Feed Arteries: The Impact of Reducing Extracellular PH

Graded exercise results not only in the modulation of adrenergic mediated smooth muscle tone and a preferential increase in blood flow to the active skeletal muscle termed \u27functional sympatholysis\u27, but is also paralleled by metabolically induced reductions in pH. We therefore sought to determine whether pH attenuates α(1)-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in human feed arteries. Feed arteries (560 ± 31 μm i.d.) were harvested from 24 humans (55 ± 4 years old) and studied using the isometric tension technique. Vessel function was assessed using KCl, phenylephrine (PE), ACh and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) concentration-response curves to characterize non-receptor-mediated and receptor-mediated vasocontraction, as well as endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation, respectively. All concentration-response curves were obtained from (originally contiguous) vessel rings in separate baths with a pH of 7.4, 7.1, 6.8 or 6.5. Reduction of the pH, via HCl, reduced maximal PE-induced vasocontraction (pH 7.4 = 85 ± 19, pH 7.1 = 57 ± 16, pH 6.8 = 34 ± 15 and pH 6.5 = 16 ± 5% KCl(max)), which was partly due to reduced smooth muscle function, as assessed by KCl (pH 7.4 = 88 ± 13, pH 7.1 = 67 ± 8, pH 6.8 = 67 ± 9 and pH 6.5 = 58 ± 8% KCl(max)). Graded acidosis had no effect on maximal vasorelaxation. In summary, these data reveal that reductions in extracellular pH attenuate α(1)-mediated vasocontraction, which is partly explained by reduced smooth muscle function, although vasorelaxation in response to ACh and SNP remained intact. These findings support the concept that local acidosis is likely to contribute to functional sympatholysis and exercise hyperaemia by opposing sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction while not impacting vasodilatation

Human Skeletal Muscle Feed Arteries: Evidence of Regulatory Potential

AIM: Recently, it has been recognized that human skeletal muscle feed arteries can be harvested during exploratory surgery for melanoma. This approach provides vessels for in vitro study from a wide spectrum of relatively healthy humans. Although, the regulatory role of skeletal muscle feed arteries in rodent models has been documented, whether such vessels in humans possess this functionality is unknown. METHODS: Therefore, skeletal muscle feed arteries (~950 μm OD) from 10 humans (48 ± 4, 27-64 years) were studied using pressure myography. Vessel function was assessed using potassium chloride (KCl), phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) concentration-response curves (CRCs) to characterize non-receptor and receptor-mediated vasoconstriction as well as endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation respectively. To understand the physiological relevance of the diameter changes as a result of pharmacological stimulation, the estimated conductance ratio (CR) was calculated. RESULTS: Vessel function protocols revealed significant vasoconstriction in response to PE and KCl (35 ± 6; 43 ± 9%vasoconstriction, respectively) and significant vasodilation with ACh and SNP (85 ± 7; 121 ± 17% vasodilation, respectively). Both PE and KCl significantly reduced the CR (0.26 ± 0.05 and 0.23 ± 0.07, respectively), whereas ACh and SNP increased the CR (2.56 ± 0.10 and 5.32 ± 1.3, respectively). CONCLUSION: These novel findings provide evidence that human skeletal muscle feed arteries are capable of generating significant diameter changes that would translate into significant changes in vascular conductance. Thus, human skeletal muscle feed arteries likely play a significant role in regulating vascular conductance and subsequently blood flow in vivo

Human Skeletal Muscle Feed Arteries Studied in Vitro: The Effect of Temperature on α(1)-Adrenergic Responsiveness

Heat and cold exposure can decrease and increase total peripheral resistance, respectively, in humans. With unique access to human skeletal muscle feed arteries, we sought both to characterize these vessels and to determine the interaction between temperature and α(1)-adrenergic receptor responsiveness. We hypothesized that α(1)-mediated vasocontraction of human feed arteries would be attenuated in response to 39 or 35°C. Skeletal muscle feed arteries were harvested from thirty-two human volunteers and studied using isometric techniques. Vessel function was assessed using KCl, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), phenylephrine (PE) and ACh dose-response curves to characterize non-receptor- and receptor-mediated vasocontraction and vasorelaxation. Single doses of PE (1 mm) and KCl (100 mm) were administered at 37°C and then, in a balanced design, repeated at both 35 and 39°C. The KCl and PE dose-response curves elicited significant vasocontraction (2009 ± 407 and 1974 ± 508 mg developed tension, respectively), whereas SNP and ACh induced the expected vasorelaxation (102 ± 6 and 73 ± 10% relaxation, respectively). Altering the temperature had no effect on inherent smooth muscle function (KCl response), but both a reduction (35°C) and an increase in temperature (39°C) decreased the vasocontractile response to 1 mm PE (37°C, 1478 ± 338 mg; 35°C, 546 ± 104 mg; and 39°C, 896 ± 202 mg; P \u3c 0.05) or across PE dose (P \u3c 0.05, 35 and 39 versus 37°C). Despite clear heterogeneity between both the human volunteers and the feed arteries themselves, this novel approach to the procurement of human vessels revealed a robust \u27inverted U\u27 response to altered temperature, such that α(1)-mediated vasocontraction was attenuated with either warming or cooling

Outcomes of 1,327 Patients Operated on Through Twelve Multispecialty Surgical Volunteerism Missions: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Surgical volunteer missions (SVMs) have become a popular approach for reducing the burden of surgical disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of 12 surgical missions between 2006 and 2018 from the mission entitled Operation Giving Back Bohol Tagbilaran, Philippines and discuss the lessons learned during these missions in particular seven challenges that every volunteer surgeon should be familiar with. METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive study of prospectively collected data on all patients treated during one SVM. The data collected included gender, age, diagnosis, types of surgeries performed, and perioperative adverse events. RESULTS: During the study period 1,327 operations were performed (842 females (63.4%) and 485 males (36.6%); (male-to-female ratio 0.59); mean age 37+/-18 years. The majority of operations were for thyroid disease (31.6%), followed by hernia (17.3%), hysterectomies/salpingo-oophorectomies (12.2%), soft tissue tumors (9.9%), cleft lip/palate repairs (7.2%), breast (6.4%), gallbladder disease (4.7%), cataract (2.9%), parotid masses (1.4%) and others (6.4%). For each mission, there were an average 5.5 days of operating, performing a median of 105.5 (80-148) cases per mission. There were 27 complications (2%), of which, 22 were postoperative bleeding and two temporary tracheostomies. The mortality rate was 0.15% (2/1327). In one patient, the family withdrew care following compassionate last ditch effort thyroidectomy for advanced cancer and one patient died as a result of intracranial bleeding from a brain tumor, which was unrecognized before mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical volunteerism missions are safe and valuable in lessening the burden of surgical disease globally when performed in an organized fashion and with continuity of care. However, there is need for standardization of surgical care provided during SVMs and creation of a world-wide database of all SVMs, and each surgeon and others who participate in these mission should be familiar with critical elements and challenges for the successful mission