Loss-resistant unambiguous phase measurement

Entangled multi-photon states have the potential to provide improved measurement accuracy, but are sensitive to photon loss. It is possible to calculate ideal loss-resistant states that maximize the Fisher information, but it is unclear how these could be experimentally generated. Here we propose a set of states that can be obtained by processing the output from parametric down-conversion. Although these states are not optimal, they provide performance very close to that of optimal states for a range of parameters. Moreover, we show how to use sequences of such states in order to obtain an unambiguous phase measurement that beats the standard quantum limit. We consider the optimization of parameters in order to minimize the final phase variance, and find that the optimum parameters are different from those that maximize the Fisher information.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, comments are welcom

Feasibility study of 5G low-latency packet radio communications without preambles

This thesis deals with the feasibility of having lower latency for radio communication of short packets, which is the major traffic in the fifth generation (5G) of cellular systems. We will examine the possibility of using turbo synchronization instead of using a long preamble, which is needed for Data-Aided (DA) synchronization. The idea behind this is that short packets are required in low-latency applications. The overhead of preambles is very significant in case of short packets. Turbo synchronization allows to work with short or null preambles. The simulations will be run for a turbo synchronizer which has been implemented according to the Expectation Maximization (EM) formulation of the problem. The simulation results show that the implemented turbo synchronizer outperforms or attains the DA synchronizer in terms of reliability, accuracy and acquisition range for carrier phase synchronization. It means that the idea of eliminating the preamble from the short packet seems practical. The only downward is that there is a packet size limitation for the effective functionality of turbo synchronizer. Simulations indicate that the number of transmitted symbols should be higher than 128 coded symbols

Quantum enhanced spectroscopy with entangled multi-photon states

Traditionally, spectroscopy is performed by examining the position of absorption lines. However, at frequencies near the transition frequency, additional information can be obtained from the phase shift. In this work we consider the information about the transition frequency obtained from both the absorption and the phase shift, as quantified by the Fisher information in an interferometric measurement. We examine the use of multiple single-photon states, NOON states, and numerically optimized states that are entangled and have multiple photons. We find the optimized states that improve over the standard quantum limit set by independent single photons for some atom number densities.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, comments are welcom

Analysis of the drying kinetics and the energy efficiency of the ElectroHydroDynamic (EHD) drying of Mushroom Slices

International audienceSeveral recent studies have investigated alternative techniques in order to enhance heat and mass transfer in food processes and to reduce their energy consumption. This is particularly true for the drying process which is a very energy-intensive process. One of the most promising alternatives consists in combining low velocity convection with ElectroHydroDynamic (EHD) enhancement by corona wind. An electric wind is generated by electrodes and leads to secondary flows that may improve the surface heat and mass exchanges. In this study, the drying kinetics of mushroom slices and the energy efficiency of the drying process were analyzed for different EHD conditions. Air was blown in a tunnel (15×15×190 cm) at 45°C 10% RH at two different primary air velocities (0.4 and 2.2 m/s). Mushrooms were placed on a grounded perforated plate. The ionic wind was generated by a wire electrode suspended horizontally at 6 cm above the mushrooms (Figure 1). Experiments were conducted during 5 hours with four levels of applied voltage at the electrode (0, 20, 25 and 30 kV). During drying, the voltage and current of the EHD system, the weight changes of mushroom slices over time were recorded. We investigated drying rates, final moisture content and energy consumption of the EHD system, of the convective system and of the combined process. The energy analysis of the convective system was based on the modelling of the air handling unit. Results indicated that the combination of 30 kV voltage with the air velocity of 0.4 m/s could significantly increase the drying rate. However, a cross-flow with the high velocity of 2.2 m/s diminished the effect of corona wind. As expected, the total energy consumption is greatly affected by the primary air velocity. The combination of low air velocity and high electric field intensity shows the potential for industrial applications. Figure 1: sketch of the experimental setu

Isolation and identification of Astragalin and 2-methoxy tyrosol from the bulbs of Allium paradoxum

Introduction: Allium paradoxum is a perennial herb in northern Iran, especially in Mazandaran province. It is locally called “Alezi” and in addition to using as raw vegetable, is also used in the preparation of regional foods. This study was aimed to investigate the main phenolic constituents of the plant.Methods: Bulbs of the plant were extracted respectively by hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9-1) and methanol in a stepwise method with increasing solvent polarity. Methanol extract was then partitioned between water and butanol. Chloroform-methanol and butanol extract constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography and HPLC. Chemical structure of the compounds was elucidated unambiguously by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectroscopy.Results: Phytochemical investigation of A. paradoxum led to the isolation of two main phenolic compounds, a flavonoid glycoside and a tyrosol derivative. The isolated compounds were identified as kaempeferol-3-O-glucoside (1) (Astragalin) and 2-methoxy-2-(4’-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol (2-Methoxy tyrosol) (2).Conclusion: Isolation and identification of astragalin and 2-methoxy tyrosol from A. paradoxum is reported for the first time in this study and provide a chemical basis for the explanation of pharmacological and biological activities attributed to the plant

Can single plasma glucose value 2 hours after 75g glucose (DIPSI criteria) replace the gold standard OGTT for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus?

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common medical complication of pregnancy associated with several fetal and maternal complications. There are several screening tools for detecting gestational diabetes mellitus including recent DIPSI criteria of non-fasting single plasma 2-hour value after 75 grams glucose (single step test). The  present study was aimed at calculating  prevalence of GDM, sensitivity and specificity using  non-fasting single plasma 2-hour value after 75 grams glucose for screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and to study the high-risk characteristics for GDM in this study population.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted for a period of one year. 750 antenatal women attending Antenatal outpatient department(OPD) with period of gestation 24-28 weeks were enrolled in the study. All women  were first tested by 75 gm glucose and then by OGTT for confirmation. Prevalence rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were studied. History based questionnaire was used to study the risk characteristics for GDM.Results: Prevalence rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for patients were 14.13%, 73.58%, 95.03%, 70.90% and 95.67%. Among the risk factors 7.2% patients were more than 30 years in age. 0.93% had GDM in previous pregnancy.4.21% had GCA in previous pregnancy, 12.4% had SB/IUD/NND in previous pregnancy. 1.17% had previous pregnancy with birth weight more than 3.5 kg and 9.73% had family history of diabetes mellitus. Past history of GDM (50%) was the most common risk factor in GDM group followed by age > 30 years (29.6%), and family history (24.6%).Conclusions: Screening using DIPSI criteria has good sensitivity and negative predictive values. It can serve as both screening and diagnostic test besides being simple, user friendly, cost effective and evidence-based test in less resource countries like India

Gates Auto Door Car With Lights Modulated

In scientific writing wi ll be explained about automatic gates with modulated headlights, where to find the car lights were adjusted by the relative frequency darker because of this background that the author alleviate human task in performing daily activities by using an automatic gate with the car lights modulated

The relationship between sexual self-esteem and all its components with marital satisfaction in athletic women of Tehran

The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between sexual self-esteem and all its components with marital satisfaction in athletic women of Tehran .The statistical sample is 196 of married athletic women among 22 regions of Tehran who were selected by cluster sampling. Sexual self-esteem inventory for women (SSEI-W) by Zeanah & Schwarz (1996) and Parakash marital satisfaction by Amrithraj & Prakash(1985) were used to collect data. The statistical analysis by Pearson correlation and multivariable regression showed there was a significant and positive relationship between sexual self-esteem and all its’ components (skill, attractiveness, control, moral judgment, adaptiveness ) with marital satisfaction. Stepwise Regression analysis revealed that adaptiveness, control, moral judgment and skill were able to predict marital satisfaction in athletic women.