Abortion and sex-related conditions in substance-dependent Brazilian patients

Abortion is a very sensitive issue with relevance to public healthhowever few clinical or population-based studies have examined induced abortion among drug users. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of induced abortion and sex-related conditions in an inpatient drug user sample. A cross-sectional design study was conducted in an inpatient addiction treatment unit in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a sample of 616 patients, aged 18-75. Sociodemographic data, sexual behavior, and dependence severity were evaluated in relation to induced abortion. Approximately 27% of patients reported having a history of abortion (themselves in the case of women or partners in the case of men). The mean age was 34.6 +/- 10.9 years old, 34.9% diagnosed with severe alcohol dependence, 33% were diagnosed with severe levels of dependence on other drugs, 69.6% were diagnosed cocaine users (inhaled and smoked), and alcohol was the drug of choice for 30.4%. Chances of having a history of abortion is greater for women than for men with a odds ratio (OR = 2.995% CI: 1.75-4.76), (OR = 1.795% CI: 1.09-2.75) of no condom use(OR = 2.095% CI: 1.35-3.23) of history of STI and (OR = 3.295% CI: 1.29-5.73) use of morning-after pill. Drug-and alcohol-dependent patients have high-risk behaviours of sporadic use or no-condom use which contribute to unplanned pregnancy and induced abortion, making this vulnerable population a group which deserves special attention in sexual health prevention programmes and health promotion efforts for the reduction of induced abortion.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Unidade Pesquisa Alcool & Drogas, Rua Botucatu 394, BR-04038001 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Escola Enfermagem Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Unidade Pesquisa Alcool & Drogas, Rua Botucatu 394, BR-04038001 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT, SOBRECARGA DE PAPÉIS E SUPORTE SOCIAL EM PROFESSORES EM PROFESSORES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se o Suporte social funciona como variável mediadora na relação entre a Sobrecarga de papéis e as dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout. Participaram da pesquisa uma amostra não aleatória de 362 professores universitários. Como instrumentos de pesquisa foram utilizados o Questionário para Avaliação da Síndrome de Burnout, as Subescalas de Sobrecarga de papéis e Suporte social. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que o suporte social desempenha um papel mediador entre a Sobrecarga de papéis e as dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout. O resultado indica a necessidade de intervenções voltadas para a melhoria das relações interpessoais no trabalho

Interleukin-1β Interferes with Epidermal Homeostasis through Induction of Insulin Resistance: Implications for Psoriasis Pathogenesis

Response pathways of the metabolic and the immune system have been evolutionary conserved, resulting in a high degree of integrated regulation. Insulin is a central player in the metabolic system and potentially also in the homeostasis of the skin. Psoriasis is a frequent and often severe autoimmune skin disease, clinically characterized by altered epidermal homeostasis, of which the molecular pathomechanisms are only little understood. In this study, we have examined a potential role for insulin signaling in the pathogenesis of this disease. We show that IL-1β is present in high quantities in tissue fluid collected via microdialysis from patients with psoriasis; these levels are reduced under successful anti-psoriatic therapy. Our results suggest that IL-1β contributes to the disease by dual effects. First, it induces insulin resistance through p38MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), which blocks insulin-dependent differentiation of keratinocytes, and at the same time IL-1β drives proliferation of keratinocytes, both being hallmarks of psoriasis. Taken together, our findings point toward insulin resistance as a contributing mechanism to the development of psoriasis; this not only drives cardiovascular comorbidities, but also its cutaneous phenotype. Key cytokines inducing insulin resistance in keratinocytes and kinases mediating their effects may represent attractive targets for novel anti-psoriatic therapies

Convergence in Media Education Curricula

[EN] The paper intends to investigate current university degree programs in numerous European countries and compare them with offerings in the United States with regard to their suitability to contemporary workplace requirements in the age of convergence. Recent trends in convergence, defined as the merging and growing together of previously distinct industrial branches, professions, devices and skills (Jenkins, 2008) have changed and dramatically transformed the ways people communicate as well as interact with each another. As a consequence, academic and professional representatives are asked to respond to these far-reaching alterations in varying ways. By use of an extensive content analysis, our study intends to analyze to which degree universities in Europe and the United States have started to already offer adequate programs on different educational levels (Bachelor, Master and PhD) in an attempt to provide the kind of media education needed today and in the future. The paper takes a closer look at educational trainings and degree programs offered by post-secondary institutions throughout the world, scrutinizing whether convergence and related terms such as multimedia and cross-media have already managed to gain an (academic) foothold yetKarmasin, M.; Diehl, S.; Koinig, I. (2015). Convergence in Media Education Curricula. En 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGHER EDUCATION ADVANCES (HEAD' 15). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 150-157. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd15.2015.30315015

The influence of corporate elites on women on supervisory boards: Female directors’ inclusion in Germany

Although we can observe noticeable progress in gender diversity on corporate boards, these boards remain far from gender balanced. Our paper builds on social identity theory to examine the impact of corporate elites—men and women who sit on multiple corporate boards—on board diversity. We extend the main argument of social identity theory concerning favouritism based on homophily by suggesting that boards with men with multiple appointments are unwilling to include female board members to protect the monopoly value generated by their elite status. The empirical analysis, based on DAX 30 firms in the period of 2010–2015, shows that the presence of multi-board men is negatively associated with women’s participation, while the presence of multi-board women and other women on management boards is positively related to gender diversity on boards. Furthermore, robustness tests support and confirm our conclusion that multi-board men have a significant association with board diversity, even with small size (i.e. 1 or 2). Additionally, we find a significant effect arising from pressure related to the introduction of gender quotas in Germany, effective in 2016, indicating the effectiveness of gender quota policies for board gender diversity.</p

Burnout em professores: diferença e análise de gênero

The teaching profession is target of numerous psychosocial stressors, which when persistent, can lead to Burnout Syndrome (BS). The present study aimed to determine if there are differences between men and women in dimensions and profiles of the SB. The non-probability sample consisted of 474 teachers working at different levels of education in Porto Alegre, metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This study used the Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Syndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) and a questionnaire to survey sociodemographic and professional data. Results obtained through Student’s t test show that male participants have higher averages in the dimension of Indolence, Guilt and Profile 2. Female participants have higher averages in the dimension of Enthusiasm toward the job. The results of the study point to the need to consider the differences in the social construction of gender in the illness process of the teaching category.Keywords: Burnout Syndrome, occupational stress, gender, teachers.A profissão docente é alvo de inúmeros estressores psicossociais que, quando persistentes, podem levar à Síndrome de Burnout (SB). O presente estudo objetivou verificar se existe diferença entre homens e mulheres nas dimensões e perfis da SB. A amostra não probabilística se constituiu de 474 professores atuantes em diferentes níveis de ensino de Porto Alegre e região metropolitana do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Como instrumentos de pesquisa foram utilizados o Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) e um questionário para levantamento de dados sociodemográficos e laborais. Os dados foram analisados por meio da prova t de student. Evidenciou-se que participantes do sexo masculino apresentaram maior índice médio nas dimensões de Indolência, Culpa e Perfil 2. Participantes do sexo feminino revelaram maior índice médio na dimensão de Ilusão pelo Trabalho. Os resultados do estudo apontam para a necessidade de se considerar as diferenças de construção social de gênero no processo de adoecimento da categoria docente.Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Burnout, estresse ocupacional, gênero, professores

Psicologia da saúde ocupacional: uma revisão integrativa

Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa de artigos científicos publicados no Brasil sobre a temática da Psicologia da Saúde Ocupacional, no período de 2001 a 2012, nas duas revistas cujas publicações destinam-se exclusivamente à área da Psicologia Organizacional e do Trabalho, disponíveis na base de dados Pepsic: Cadernos de Psicologia Social e do Trabalho e Revista Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho. Dos 289 artigos publicados, foram identificados 91 (31%) que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, ou seja, uma das suas variáveis de estudo é o campo da saúde ocupacional. Utilizou-se, para a análise dos artigos, as seguintes categorias: ano de publicação; contexto; tipo de estudo; tipo de trabalhador; zona do estudo; região; tipo de amostra e intervenção. Verificou-se a predominância de artigos de delineamento qualitativo (53%), com trabalhadores de nível operacional (80%) e sem indicações para possíveis intervenções. A maior concentração de publicações foi na região Sudeste do Brasil (37%), nos anos de 2009 (17%) e 2012 (18%). Sugerese a ampliação de estudos no campo da saúde ocupacional, principalmente, estudos quantitativos e epidemiológicos com amostras representativas e inclusão de implicações práticas