Planar Radiation Zeros and Scattering Equations in Field Theory Amplitudes

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física Teórica. Fecha de Lectura: 06-09-2019We have presented for the rst time a detailed description of planar radiation zeros as a novel mathematical structure giving rise to new insights on the internal behavior of a theory, such as the biadjoint scalar theory, the Yang-Mills theory or the Einstein-Hilbert gravity. The concept \radiation zero" makes reference to all the con gurations in phase space for which the full scattering amplitude of a given process vanishes. In our case, we have studied \planar zeros", meaning that our characterization applies to those processes where all particle momenta lie in the same spatial plane. Although being a rather naive concept, the obtained results are far from incidental. On one side, we have found that the conditions of emergence of gauge planar zeros in the maximally helicity violating sector live inside the projective space spanned by the stereographic coordinates labelling the direction of ight of the outgoing momenta. The existence of such a projective characterization implies that planar zeros are always realized inside the soft limit of any of the emitted particles, which might be of relevance for the infrared structure or the asymptotic symmetries of the theory. On a di erent side, we have found that gravitational amplitudes always vanish inside this planar limit for non-helicity conserving con gurations without imposing any further kinematic conditions. String 0-corrections of these behaviors have also been obtained. All the computations have been done in the context of the color-kinematics du- ality, used as a procedure to compute gravitational amplitudes from their gauge analogues; and the Cachazo-He-Yuan formalism, as a novel integral representation to write scattering amplitudes in contrast to the traditional Feynman diagram decomposition. In particular, the latter relies upon a rational map between the space of null D-dimensional momentum vectors and the moduli space of punctured Riemann spheres, given the name of scattering equations. Considered to be a challenging task, we have shown the advantages of using the Sudakov parametrization of particle momenta to simplify the computation of their exact solutions. In particular, we have shown that both punctures in the Riemann sphere and scattering amplitudes themselves adopt rather compact formulas when expressed in terms of Sudakov variables, suggesting the parametrization to be a natural candidate for an e cient description of scattering amplitudes inside the formalism

El Formalismo Geométrico de la Mecánica Cuántica y sus aplicaciones

El Formalismo Geométrico de la Mecánica Cuántica resulta una herramienta muy poderosa que, desde los años setenta, persigue describir tanto sistemas cuánticos como sistemas clásicos bajo un mismo marco matemático. En la primera parte del trabajo veremos cómo, echando mano de la geometría diferecial, traduce las estructuras tensoriales propias de los sistemas clásicos hamiltonianos en elementos con los que describir el espacio de Hilbert de un sistema cuántico, su espacio de observables, la dinámica dada por la ecuación de Schrödinger y la información espectral de cada uno de sus operadores. De esta forma, conseguida la traducción, se hace evidente la potencialidad del formalismo en aplicaciones como el tratamiento de sistemas mixtos clásico-cuánticos. En la segunda parte del trabajo y mediante la ayuda de este formalismo geométrico conseguiremos una adaptación del modelo de Ehrenfest, que es el que se encarga de esta disciplina, para conseguir una descripción hamiltoniana tanto de la parte clásica como de la parte cuántica del sistema mixto y tratar ambas como si fueran ``clásicas''. Mediante este cambio, nos será posible entonces ampliar el modelo para recuperar efectos que antes no contemplaba, como es el de la evolución de la pureza, ingrediente necesario para describir cualquier tipo de decoherencia en el sistema. Finalmente y con la intención de comprobar la validez de esta ampliación, estudiaremos la evolución de la pureza de diferentes sistemas, en concreto la influencia de la temperatura sobre la pureza de sistemas moleculares, y su parecido con la fenomenología observada. La importancia del Formalismo Geométrico de la Mecánica Cuántica en la reconstrucción del modelo de Ehrenfest habrá quedado entonces probada

Cut-offs and response criteria for the Hospital Universitario la Princesa Index (HUPI) and their comparison to widely-used indices of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To estimate cut-off points and to establish response criteria for the Hospital Universitario La Princesa Index (HUPI) in patients with chronic polyarthritis. Methods Two cohorts, one of early arthritis (Princesa Early Arthritis Register Longitudinal PEARL] study) and other of long-term rheumatoid arthritis (Estudio de la Morbilidad y Expresión Clínica de la Artritis Reumatoide EMECAR]) including altogether 1200 patients were used to determine cut-off values for remission, and for low, moderate and high activity through receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The areas under ROC (AUC) were compared to those of validated indexes (SDAI, CDAI, DAS28). ROC analysis was also applied to establish minimal and relevant clinical improvement for HUPI. Results The best cut-off points for HUPI are 2, 5 and 9, classifying RA activity as remission if =2, low disease activity if >2 and =5), moderate if >5 and <9 and high if =9. HUPI''s AUC to discriminate between low-moderate activity was 0.909 and between moderate-high activity 0.887. DAS28''s AUCs were 0.887 and 0.846, respectively; both indices had higher accuracy than SDAI (AUCs: 0.832 and 0.756) and CDAI (AUCs: 0.789 and 0.728). HUPI discriminates remission better than DAS28-ESR in early arthritis, but similarly to SDAI. The HUPI cut-off for minimal clinical improvement was established at 2 and for relevant clinical improvement at 4. Response criteria were established based on these cut-off values. Conclusions The cut-offs proposed for HUPI perform adequately in patients with either early or long term arthritis

Hereditary angioedema in Spain: medical care and patient journey

Abstract Background Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1INH) is a genetic rare disease characterized by recurrent, transient and unpredictable episodes of cold, non-pruriginous oedema without associated urticaria. The characteristics of the disease have a considerable impact on the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the patient journey of HAE in Spain. Methods A multidisciplinary committee of 16 HAE experts (allergy, immunology, emergency department, hospital pharmacy and nursing) and 3 representatives of the Spanish Hereditary Angioedema Patient Association (AEDAF) who were patients or caregivers participated in the study. A review of the publications on HAE treatment was performed. Semi-structured interviews were performed to HAE experts, patients, or caregivers. Three meetings with the experts, patients and caregivers were held to share, discuss, and validate data obtained from literature and interviews and to build the model. Results Throughout the project, the patient journey has been drawn up, dividing it into the stages of pre-diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment/follow-up. Some areas for improvement have been identified. Firstly, there is a need to enhance awareness and training on HAE among healthcare professionals, with a particular emphasis on primary care and emergency department personnel. Secondly, efforts should be made to minimize patient referral times to allergy/immunology specialists, ensuring timely access to appropriate care. Thirdly, it is crucial to encourage the study of the relatives of diagnosed patients to early identify potential cases. Fourthly, equitable access to self-administered treatments should be ensured, facilitated by systems that enable medication delivery at home and proper education and training for patients. Equitable access to long-term prophylactic treatment should also be prioritized for all patients in need. To standardize HAE management, the development of consensus guidelines that reduce variability in clinical practice is essential. Lastly, promoting research studies to enhance knowledge of the disease and align its treatment with new developments in the healthcare field should be encouraged. Conclusions The knowledge of the patient journey in HAE allowed us to identify improvement areas with the final aim to optimize the disease management

Down syndrome as risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization : A prospective multicenter epidemiological study

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in childhood, particularly in premature infants, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To compare the hospitalization rates due to RSV infection and severity of disease between infants with and without Down syndrome (DS) born at term and without other associated risk factors for severe RSV infection. In a prospective multicentre epidemiological study, 93 infants were included in the DS cohort and 68 matched by sex and data of birth (±1 week) and were followed up to 1 year of age and during a complete RSV season. The hospitalization rate for all acute respiratory infection was significantly higher in the DS cohort than in the non-DS cohort (44.1% vs 7.7%, P<.0001). Hospitalizations due to RSV were significantly more frequent in the DH cohort than in the non-DS cohort (9.7% vs 1.5%, P=.03). RSV prophylaxis was recorded in 33 (35.5%) infants with DS. The rate of hospitalization according to presence or absence of RSV immunoprophylaxis was 3.0% vs 15%, respectively. Infants with DS showed a higher rate of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infection and RSV infection compared to non-DS infants. Including DS infants in recommendations for immunoprophylaxis of RSV disease should be considered

Educación coordinada de centro para la paz y la no violencia

Confluyen los distintos temas transversales en un tratamiento educativo integrado, desde un planteamiento global y continuado de la educación en valores, que tiene como eje vertebrador al Proyecto de Centro y en el que participan todos los profesores del claustro y todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa.Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Educación y CienciaAndalucíaES