1,089 research outputs found
Geometry of the copositive and completely positive cones
The copositive cone, and its dual the completely positive cone, have useful applications in optimisation, however telling if a general matrix is in the copositive cone is a co-NP-complete problem. In this paper we analyse some of the geometry of these cones. We discuss a way of representing all the maximal faces of the copositive cone along with a simple equation for the dimension of each one. In doing this we show that the copositive cone has faces which are isomorphic to positive semidefinite cones. We also look at some maximal faces of the completely positive cone and find their dimensions. Additionally we consider extreme rays of the copositive and completely positive cones and show that every extreme ray of the completely positive cone is also an exposed ray, but the copositive cone has extreme rays which are not exposed rays
Considering copositivity locally
Let be an element of the copositive cone \copos{n}. A zero \vu of is a nonnegative vector whose elements sum up to one and such that \vu^TA\vu = 0. The support of \vu is the index set \Supp{\vu} \subset \{1,\dots,n\} corresponding to the nonzero entries of \vu. A zero \vu of is called minimal if there does not exist another zero \vv of such that its support \Supp{\vv} is a strict subset of \Supp{\vu}. Our main result is a characterization of the cone of feasible directions at , i.e., the convex cone \VarK{A} of real symmetric matrices such that there exists satisfying A + \delta B \in \copos{n}. This cone is described by a set of linear inequalities on the elements of constructed from the set of zeros of and their supports. This characterization furnishes descriptions of the minimal face of in \copos{n}, and of the minimal exposed face of in \copos{n}, by sets of linear equalities and inequalities constructed from the set of minimal zeros of and their supports. In particular, we can check whether lies on an extreme ray of \copos{n} by examining the solution set of a system of linear equations. In addition, we deduce a simple necessary and sufficient condition on the irreducibility of with respect to a copositive matrix . Here is called irreducible with respect to if for all we have A - \delta C \not\in \copos{n}
A new approximation hierarchy for polynomial conic optimization
In this paper we consider polynomial conic optimization problems, where the feasible set is defined by constraints in the form of given polynomial vectors belonging to given nonempty closed convex cones, and we assume that all the feasible solutions are non-negative. This family of problems captures in particular polynomial optimization problems (POPs), polynomial semi-definite polynomial optimization problems (PSDPs) and polynomial second-order cone-optimization problems (PSOCPs). We propose a new general hierarchy of linear conic optimization relaxations inspired by an extension of PĆ³lyaŹ¼s Positivstellensatz for homogeneous polynomials being positive over a basic semi-algebraic cone contained in the non-negative orthant, introduced in Dickinson and Povh (J Glob Optim 61(4):615-625, 2015). We prove that based on some classic assumptions, these relaxations converge monotonically to the optimal value of the original problem. Adding a redundant polynomial positive semi-definite constraint to the original problem drastically improves the bounds produced by our method. We provide an extensive list of numerical examples that clearly indicate the advantages and disadvantages of our hierarchy. In particular, in comparison to the classic approach of sum-of-squares, our new method provides reasonable bounds on the optimal value for POPs, and strong bounds for PSDPs and PSOCPs, even outperforming the sum-of-squares approach in these latter two cases.V Älanku obravnavamo polinomske koniÄne optimizacijske probleme, kjer je dopustna množica definirana z omejitvami, da morajo biti dani polinomski vektorji v danih nepraznih zaprtih konveksnih stožcih. Dodatno morajo dopustne reÅ”itve zadoÅ”Äati pogoju nenegativnosti. Ta družina problemov zajema zlasti klasiÄne probleme polinomske optimizacije (POP), probleme polinomske semidefinitne optimizacije (PSDP) in probleme polinomske optimizacije nad stožci drugega reda (PSOCP). Predlagamo novo sploÅ”no hierarhijo linearnih koniÄnih optimizacijskih poenostavitev, ki naravno sledijo iz razÅ”iritve PĆ³lya-jevega izreka o pozitivnosti iz Dickinson in Povh (J Glob Optim 61 (4): 615-625, 2015). Ob nekaterih klasiÄnih predpostavkah te poenostavitve monotono konvergirajo k optimalni vrednosti izvirnega problema. Kot zanimivost pokažemo, da dodajanje posebne redundantne omejitve k osnovnemu problemu ne spremeni optimalne reÅ”itve tega problema, a bistveno izboljÅ”a kvaliteto poenostavitev. V Älanku tudi predstavimo obsežen seznam Å”tevilÄnih primerov, ki jasno kažejo na prednosti in slabosti naÅ”e hierarhije
On the Exhaustivity of Simplicial Partitioning
Abstract During the last 40 years, simplicial partitioning has shown itself to be highly useful, including in the field of Nonlinear Optimisation. In this article, we consider results on the exhaustivity of simplicial partitioning schemes. We consider conjectures on this exhaustivity which seem at first glance to be true (two of which have been stated as true in published articles). However, we will provide counter examples to these conjectures. We also provide a new simplicial partitioning scheme, which provides a lot of freedom, whilst guaranteeing exhaustivity. Mathematics Subject Classification: 65K99; 90C2
Planck 2015 results: XXV. Diffuse low-frequency Galactic foregrounds
We discuss the Galactic foreground emission between 20 and 100āGHz based on observations by Planck and WMAP. The total intensity in this part of the spectrum is dominated by free-free and spinning dust emission, whereas the polarized intensity is dominated by synchrotron emission. The Commander component-separation tool has been used to separate the various astrophysical processes in total intensity. Comparison with radio recombination line templates verifies the recovery of the free-free emission along the Galactic plane. Comparison of the high-latitude HĪ± emission with our free-free map shows residuals that correlate with dust optical depth, consistent with a fraction (ā30%) of HĪ± having been scattered by high-latitude dust. We highlight a number of diffuse spinning dust morphological features at high latitude. There is substantial spatial variation in the spinning dust spectrum, with the emission peak (in IĪ½) ranging from below 20āGHz to more than 50āGHz. There is a strong tendency for the spinning dust component near many prominent Hāii regions to have a higher peak frequency, suggesting that this increase in peak frequency is associated with dust in the photo-dissociation regions around the nebulae. The emissivity of spinning dust in these diffuse regions is of the same order as previous detections in the literature. Over the entire sky, the Commander solution finds more anomalous microwave emission (AME) than the WMAP component maps, at the expense of synchrotron and free-free emission. This can be explained by the difficulty in separating multiple broadband components with a limited number of frequency maps. Future surveys, particularly at 5ā20āGHz, will greatly improve the separation by constraining the synchrotron spectrum. We combine Planck and WMAP data to make the highest signal-to-noise ratio maps yet of the intensity of the all-sky polarized synchrotron emission at frequencies above a few GHz. Most of the high-latitude polarized emission is associated with distinct large-scale loops and spurs, and we re-discuss their structure. We argue that nearly all the emission at 40deg > l > ā90deg is part of the Loop I structure, and show that the emission extends much further in to the southern Galactic hemisphere than previously recognised, giving Loop I an ovoid rather than circular outline. However, it does not continue as far as the āFermi bubble/microwave hazeā, making it less probable that these are part of the same structure. We identify a number of new faint features in the polarized sky, including a dearth of polarized synchrotron emission directly correlated with a narrow, roughly 20deg long filament seen in HĪ± at high Galactic latitude. Finally, we look for evidence of polarized AME, however many AME regions are significantly contaminated by polarized synchrotron emission, and we find a 2Ļ upper limit of 1.6% in the Perseus region
Fractionation effects in phase equilibria of polydisperse hard sphere colloids
The equilibrium phase behaviour of hard spheres with size polydispersity is
studied theoretically. We solve numerically the exact phase equilibrium
equations that result from accurate free energy expressions for the fluid and
solid phases, while accounting fully for size fractionation between coexisting
phases. Fluids up to the largest polydispersities that we can study (around
14%) can phase separate by splitting off a solid with a much narrower size
distribution. This shows that experimentally observed terminal polydispersities
above which phase separation no longer occurs must be due to non-equilibrium
effects. We find no evidence of re-entrant melting; instead, sufficiently
compressed solids phase separate into two or more solid phases. Under
appropriate conditions, coexistence of multiple solids with a fluid phase is
also predicted. The solids have smaller polydispersities than the parent phase
as expected, while the reverse is true for the fluid phase, which contains
predominantly smaller particles but also residual amounts of the larger ones.
The properties of the coexisting phases are studied in detail; mean diameter,
polydispersity and volume fraction of the phases all reveal marked
fractionation. We also propose a method for constructing quantities that
optimally distinguish between the coexisting phases, using Principal Component
Analysis in the space of density distributions. We conclude by comparing our
predictions to perturbative theories for near-monodisperse systems and to Monte
Carlo simulations at imposed chemical potential distribution, and find
excellent agreement.Comment: 21 pages, 23 figures, 2 table
The Infrared Luminosity Function of Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
An infrared survey of the central 650 arcmin of the Coma cluster is used
to determine the band luminosity function for the cluster. Redshifts are
available for all galaxies in the survey with , and for this sample
we obtain a good fit to a Schechter function with and
. These luminosity function parameters are similar to those
measured for field galaxies in the infrared, which is surprising considering
the very different environmental densities and, presumably, merger histories
for field galaxies. For fainter galaxies, we use two independent techniques to
correct for field galaxy contamination in the cluster population: the
color-magnitude relation and an estimate for the level of background and
foreground contamination from the literature. Using either method we find a
steep upturn for galaxies with , with slope .Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures Accepted by ApJ Letter
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FGF4 retrogene on CFA12 is responsible for chondrodystrophy and intervertebral disc disease in dogs.
Chondrodystrophy in dogs is defined by dysplastic, shortened long bones and premature degeneration and calcification of intervertebral discs. Independent genome-wide association analyses for skeletal dysplasia (short limbs) within a single breed (PBonferroni = 0.01) and intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) across breeds (PBonferroni = 4.0 Ć 10-10) both identified a significant association to the same region on CFA12. Whole genome sequencing identified a highly expressed FGF4 retrogene within this shared region. The FGF4 retrogene segregated with limb length and had an odds ratio of 51.23 (95% CI = 46.69, 56.20) for IVDD. Long bone length in dogs is a unique example of multiple disease-causing retrocopies of the same parental gene in a mammalian species. FGF signaling abnormalities have been associated with skeletal dysplasia in humans, and our findings present opportunities for both selective elimination of a medically and financially devastating disease in dogs and further understanding of the ever-growing complexity of retrogene biology
Planck 2015 results: XXV. Diffuse low-frequency Galactic foregrounds
We discuss the Galactic foreground emission between 20 and 100āGHz based on observations by Planck and WMAP. The total intensity in this part of the spectrum is dominated by free-free and spinning dust emission, whereas the polarized intensity is dominated by synchrotron emission. The Commander component-separation tool has been used to separate the various astrophysical processes in total intensity. Comparison with radio recombination line templates verifies the recovery of the free-free emission along the Galactic plane. Comparison of the high-latitude HĪ± emission with our free-free map shows residuals that correlate with dust optical depth, consistent with a fraction (ā30%) of HĪ± having been scattered by high-latitude dust. We highlight a number of diffuse spinning dust morphological features at high latitude. There is substantial spatial variation in the spinning dust spectrum, with the emission peak (in IĪ½) ranging from below 20āGHz to more than 50āGHz. There is a strong tendency for the spinning dust component near many prominent Hāii regions to have a higher peak frequency, suggesting that this increase in peak frequency is associated with dust in the photo-dissociation regions around the nebulae. The emissivity of spinning dust in these diffuse regions is of the same order as previous detections in the literature. Over the entire sky, the Commander solution finds more anomalous microwave emission (AME) than the WMAP component maps, at the expense of synchrotron and free-free emission. This can be explained by the difficulty in separating multiple broadband components with a limited number of frequency maps. Future surveys, particularly at 5ā20āGHz, will greatly improve the separation by constraining the synchrotron spectrum. We combine Planck and WMAP data to make the highest signal-to-noise ratio maps yet of the intensity of the all-sky polarized synchrotron emission at frequencies above a few GHz. Most of the high-latitude polarized emission is associated with distinct large-scale loops and spurs, and we re-discuss their structure. We argue that nearly all the emission at 40deg > l > ā90deg is part of the Loop I structure, and show that the emission extends much further in to the southern Galactic hemisphere than previously recognised, giving Loop I an ovoid rather than circular outline. However, it does not continue as far as the āFermi bubble/microwave hazeā, making it less probable that these are part of the same structure. We identify a number of new faint features in the polarized sky, including a dearth of polarized synchrotron emission directly correlated with a narrow, roughly 20deg long filament seen in HĪ± at high Galactic latitude. Finally, we look for evidence of polarized AME, however many AME regions are significantly contaminated by polarized synchrotron emission, and we find a 2Ļ upper limit of 1.6% in the Perseus region
Multiaperture Photometry of Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
We present a set of photometry for 745 band selected
objects in a region centered on the core of the Coma
cluster. This includes 516 galaxies and is at least 80% complete to H=16, with
a spectroscopically complete sample of 111 cluster members (nearly all with
morphological classification) for . For each object we present total
\cite{kron80} magnitudes and aperture photometry. As an example, we use these
data to derive color-magnitude relations for Coma early-type galaxies, measure
the intrinsic scatter of these relations and its dependence on galaxy mass, and
address the issue of color gradients. We find that the color gradients are mild
and that the intrinsic scatter about the color-magnitude relation is small
( mag in and less than in , or ).
There is no evidence that the intrinsic scatter varies with galaxy luminosity,
suggesting that the cluster red sequence is established at early epochs over a
range of in stellar mass.Comment: 41 pages, 5 figures, 18 data tables attached to source files or
available on request from R. De propris. Accepted for publication in
Astrophysical Journal Supplement Serie
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