Spatial simulation op Claviceps gigantea (fuentes, of the isla, ullstrup and rodríguez) in the STATE OF MEXICO

SE LOGRO DETERMINAR LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL EN EL TIEMPO DE claviceps gigantea EN MAÍZ MEDIANTE SIMULACIÓN ESPACIAL EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO.The cultivation of corn in Mexico is one of the most important highlighting the High Valleys of Mexico, in this region the main problem of cultivation are diseases, mainly those that cause ear rot which decreases yield and represents large economic losses. One of these diseases is caused by the fungus Claviceps gigantea which is commonly known as horsetooth. This disease can invade the whole cob, preventing the formation of grain. In recent years, climatic conditions have favored the proliferation of this fungus in farms cultivated with corn Zea mays L. The present work was carried out in plots of one hectare of five municipalities of the State of Mexico, with the natural incidence of the fungus during three growing cycles (2013-2015) using geostatistical techniques and performing the conditioned and unconditioned simulation process to predict the spatial behavior of the disease over time. The results show that the simulation techniques used to predict the behavior of Claviceps gigantea are an effective tool to prevent the infestations produced by this fungus. This type of study aims to help the development of integrated management programs

Modelización espacial de frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) en aguacate

SE LOGRÓ DETERMINAR LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DE Frankliniella occidentalis MEDIANTE EL ANÁLISIS GEOESTADÍSTICO EN COATEPEC HARINAS, ESTADO DE MÉXICO.El cultivo de Aguacate (Lauraceae: Persea americana Mill.) es para México de gran importancia económica en cuanto a los sistemas de producción perenne. Esto se debe a que en los últimos años la comercialización de este fruto se ha incrementado notablemente a nivel nacional e internacional. En México, se cultivaron 168113,64 ha con un rendimiento promedio de 10,2 ton/ha en 2013, obteniendo una producción aproximada de 1467837,35 ton. Como cualquier otro frutal, el aguacate puede sufrir daños ocasionados por plagas (insectos, nematodos, ácaros entre otros) y enfermedades (causadas por hongos, bacterias y virus). A este respecto, uno de los insectos con mayor problemática es Frankliniella occidentalis, que provoca pérdidas significativas en el cultivo, al preferir alimentarse de tejidos tiernos como brotes foliares, florales, hojas jóvenes y frutos en desarrollo. Los daños más severos, económicamente hablando, son notorios a simple vista, ya que originan crestas o protuberancias sobre el pericarpio y estas lesiones son más evidentes conforme madura el fruto. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue modelizar la distribución espacial de F. occidentalis mediante técnicas geoestadísticas, así como obtener mapas de densidad por medio del krigeado. Los muestreos fueron llevados a cabo quincenalmente en tres parcelas comerciales de cuatro hectáreas cada una en el municipio de Coatepec Harinas, Estado de México usando el método de cuadrantes. Los resultados indicaron que la distribución espacial de las poblaciones de F. occidentalis presentó una distribución agregada en cada una de las fechas de muestreo. La validación cruzada de los valores de los semivariogramas obtenidos corroboraron dicha información, además de una dependencia espacial alta. Los mapas obtenidos permiten delimitar áreas infestadas y áreas libres de daños, lo que permitirá establecer medidas de control en puntos específicos de cada parcela para hacer un uso eficiente de los recursos plaguicidas

Automatic set-point control of an HVAC system using Arduino for efficient and rational energy consumption

Los sistemas de calefacción, ventilación y aire acondicionado (HVAC), son tecnologías desarrolladas para brindar confort ambiental en un recinto cerrado. En ciudades con altas temperaturas el consumo energético de un sistema HVAC puede aumentar considerablemente, e inclusive, impedir que el sistema logre la temperatura deseada (set-point). Por esto, se desarrolla un control automático del set-point para sistemas de HVAC a través de la plataforma Arduino que permita un consumo energético eficiente y racional.Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are technologies developed to provide environmental comfort indoors. In cities with high temperatures, the energy consumption of an HVAC system can considerably increase, even prevent the system from achieving the desired temperature. For this, we present an automatic linear control of the point system for HVAC systems through the Arduino platform that allows an efficient and rational energy consumption

Epidemiological implications of the genetic diversification of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and genotypes in Mexico

Variation and clade shifts in dengue virus (DENV) genotypes are responsible for numerous dengue fever outbreaks throughout Latin America in the past decade. Molecular analyses of dengue serotypes have revealed extensive genetic diversification and the emergence of new genotypes in Brazil (DENV-4 genotype I) and elsewhere in tropical and subtropical America. The goal of the present study is to assess the extent to which the adventitious introduction of DENV genotypes and their increasing genetic diversity affects dengue epidemiology in Mexico. A nuanced sequence inspection and phylogenetic analysis of the C-prM nucleotide region of DENV was performed for specimens collecting in 2009 from the Veracruz State, Mexico. Findings were contrasted with specimens collected in adjacent years and analysed based on the epidemiological patterns reported between 1990 and 2019. Additionally, the identification process of various DENV genotypes was assessed, including: (1) DENV-1, genotype V, (2) the DENV-2 Asian/American and Asian II genotypes (3) DENV-3, genotype III, and (4) DENV-4, genotype I. This resulted in the discovery of a distinct genetic cladistic pattern for serotype DENV-2. Lastly, study findings suggest that a correlation exists between the emergence of novel genotypes and genetic diversification, with the increasing incidence of DENV infections in Mexico in 2009

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia.

En Colombia, la violencia ha dejado una profunda huella a raíz del conflicto armado que ha afectado a diversas regiones del país y ha dejado muchas víctimas mortales y sobrevivientes. Este trabajo analiza el contexto narrativo y la perspectiva subjetiva al dolor causado por hechos violentos, a través del caso de Amparo y la masacre del Salado. Se destaca la importancia de evaluar y reflexionar sobre los eventos traumáticos, acciones psicosociales, emergentes psicosociales, resiliencia y estrategias de afrontamiento. En el primer apartado se realiza un análisis basado en el discurso narrativo de las experiencias de violencia en la historia de Amparo, desaparición forzada de su esposo y su continúa lucha en contra del silencio y la impunidad, enfrentando el exilio y la fractura familiar de vivir separada de sus hijas. A partir de este caso, se realiza el planteamiento de preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas desde un abordaje psicosocial. En el siguiente apartado se aborda el caso de la Masacre del Salado, destacando la resiliencia y determinación para reconstruir a pesar de las tragedias, lograr como comunidad, superar los desafíos con cohesión social. A continuación, se proponen tres estrategias éticas y proactivas de acompañamiento psicosocial con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de vida y fortalecer los recursos de afrontamiento de la población del Salado. Por último, se aborda la experiencia de la foto voz como herramienta de diagnóstico para identificar dinámicas de violencia en diferentes regiones del país y el contraste de la transformación como elementos simbólicos.In Colombia, violence has left a deep mark as a result of the armed conflict that has affected various regions of the country and has left many fatalities and survivors. This paper analyzes the narrative context and the subjective perspective to the pain caused by violent events, through the Amparo case and the Salado massacre. It highlights the importance of evaluating and reflecting on traumatic events, psychosocial actions, psychosocial emergents, resilience and coping strategies. In the first section, an analysis is made based on the narrative discourse of the experiences of violence in Amparo's story, the forced disappearance of her husband and her continuous struggle against silence and impunity, facing exile and the family fracture of living separated from her daughters. Based on this case, circular, reflexive and strategic questions are posed from a psychosocial approach. The following section deals with the case of the Salado Massacre, highlighting the resilience and determination to rebuild in spite of the tragedies, to achieve as a community, to overcome the challenges with social cohesion. Next, three ethical and proactive strategies of psychosocial accompaniment are proposed with the purpose of improving the quality of life and strengthening the coping resources of the population of El Salado. Finally, the experience of photovoice as a diagnostic tool to identify dynamics of violence in different regions of the country and the contrast of transformation as symbolic elements are addressed

The Rewiring of Ubiquitination Targets in a Pathogenic Yeast Promotes Metabolic Flexibility, Host Colonization and Virulence

Funding: This work was funded by the European Research Council [http://erc.europa.eu/], AJPB (STRIFE Advanced Grant; C-2009-AdG-249793). The work was also supported by: the Wellcome Trust [www.wellcome.ac.uk], AJPB (080088, 097377); the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council [www.bbsrc.ac.uk], AJPB (BB/F00513X/1, BB/K017365/1); the CNPq-Brazil [http://cnpq.br], GMA (Science without Borders fellowship 202976/2014-9); and the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research [www.nc3rs.org.uk], DMM (NC/K000306/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Elizabeth Johnson (Mycology Reference Laboratory, Bristol) for providing strains, and the Aberdeen Proteomics facility for the biotyping of S. cerevisiae clinical isolates, and to Euroscarf for providing S. cerevisiae strains and plasmids. We are grateful to our Microscopy Facility in the Institute of Medical Sciences for their expert help with the electron microscopy, and to our friends in the Aberdeen Fungal Group for insightful discussions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Protein Pattern Formation

Protein pattern formation is essential for the spatial organization of many intracellular processes like cell division, flagellum positioning, and chemotaxis. A prominent example of intracellular patterns are the oscillatory pole-to-pole oscillations of Min proteins in \textit{E. coli} whose biological function is to ensure precise cell division. Cell polarization, a prerequisite for processes such as stem cell differentiation and cell polarity in yeast, is also mediated by a diffusion-reaction process. More generally, these functional modules of cells serve as model systems for self-organization, one of the core principles of life. Under which conditions spatio-temporal patterns emerge, and how these patterns are regulated by biochemical and geometrical factors are major aspects of current research. Here we review recent theoretical and experimental advances in the field of intracellular pattern formation, focusing on general design principles and fundamental physical mechanisms.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, review articl

Swift and XMM-Newton Observations of the Extraordinary GRB 060729: An afterglow with a more than 100 days X-ray light curve

We report the results of the Swift and XMM observations of the Swift-discovered long Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 060729 ($T_{90}$=115s). The afterglow of this burst was exceptionally bright in X-rays as well as at UV/Optical wavelengths showing an unusually long slow decay phase ($\alpha$=0.14\plm0.02) suggesting a larger energy injection phase at early times than in other bursts. The X-ray light curve displays a break at about 60 ks after the burst. The X-ray decay slope after the break is $\alpha$=1.29\plm0.03. Up to 125 days after the burst we do not detect a jet break, suggesting that the jet opening angle is larger than 28 degrees. In the first 2 minutes after the burst (rest frame) the X-ray spectrum of the burst changed dramatically from a hard X-ray spectrum to a very soft one. We find that the X-ray spectra at this early phase can all be fitted by an absorbed single power law model or alternatively by a blackbody plus power law model. The power law fits show that the X-ray spectrum becomes steeper while the absorption column density decreases. In Swift's UV/Optical telescope the afterglow was clearly detected up to 9 days after the burst in all 6 filters and even longer in some of the UV filters with the latest detection in the UVW1 31 days after the burst. A break at about 50 ks is clearly detected in all 6 UVOT filters from a shallow decay slope of about 0.3 and a steeper decay slope of 1.3. In addition to the \swift observations we also present and discuss the results from a 61 ks ToO observation by XMM. (Abriviated)Comment: Accepted to be published in the Astrophysical Journal, 28 pages, 10 figure